叶面增施液钙对芒果钾、钙、镁含量及品质的影响

姚智; 王艺蓉; 李华东; 白亭玉; 康专苗; 仇海威; 林电

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.04.002

叶面增施液钙对芒果钾、钙、镁含量及品质的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.04.002

1.
海南大学农学院, 海南海口 570228
2.
贵州省农产品质量检测中心, 贵州贵阳 550000
3.
中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所, 海南万宁 571533
4.
贵州省亚热带作物研究所, 贵州兴义 562400

基金项目:

海南大学中西部计划学科重点领域建设项目 ZXBJH-XK003

中央公益性行业（农业）科研专项 201203092-4-3

海南省普通高等学校研究生创新科研课题 S201302

详细信息

作者简介:
姚智(1992-), 男, 硕士研究生, 研究方向:土壤肥力与作物营养(E-mail:yaozhisgj@163.com)

通讯作者:
林电(1966-), 男, 博士, 教授, 博士生导师, 研究方向:土壤肥力与养分资源管理(E-mail:lindian5519@163.com)

中图分类号: S143.7;S667.7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-11-08
- 修回日期: 2017-02-14
- 刊出日期: 2017-04-28

Effect of Foliage Calcium Spray on Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium Contents and Fruit Quality of Mango Plants

1.
College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
2.
Guizhou Province Agricultural Product Quality Inspection Center, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China
3.
Spice and Beverage Research Institute, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
4.
Guizhou Province Institute of subtropical crops, Xingyi, Guizhou 562400, China

摘要

摘要: 以‘台农1号’芒果为研究对象，设置0（CK）、0.5、1.5、2.5、3.5 g·L^-1质量浓度钙含量5个处理，于催花前、幼果期、果实膨大期及采收前分别喷施。结果表明，在一定质量浓度范围内，叶面喷施液钙具有提高叶片、果皮、果肉及果核钙含量的作用；果实钙含量显著低于叶片，第1梢叶钾、钙、镁与果实间钾、钙、镁相关性比第2梢更为显著；第2梢叶钾、镁含量变化与钙相反，呈下降趋势；叶面喷施液钙可以提高糖酸比值，显著降低果实可滴定酸，增加果实维生素C含量，提高果实品质；高钙对可溶性固形物及可溶性糖含量有降低作用。说明一定质量浓度范围（0.5~3.5 g·L^-1）内，施钙有利于提高芒果果实品质，供试条件下，以0.5 g·L^-1钙含量处理效果最佳。
- 叶面施肥 /
- 芒果 /
- 钙肥 /
- 果实品质
Abstract: Effect of spraying calcium-containing solutions of varied concentrations on fruit quality as well as potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) contents in the fruits and leaves of mango plants werestudied to determine the possible benefit of theapplication. Tainung No 1 mangotrees were subjected to the spraying of Ca solutions at the concentration of 0 (CK), 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5g/L on the leaves at the time before flower induction, of early fruiting stage, during fruit growing stage, or before harvesting. It was found that the Ca contents in the leaves, as well as thepeel, pulp and stone of the fruits increased due to the treatmentswithin the tested range of Ca concentrations. Ca in the fruits was significantlylower than that in the leaves. The correlation on K/Ca/Mg contents between the 1^st tip leaf and the fruits was more significant than that between the 2^nd leaf and the fruits. On the 2^nd leaf, itsK and Mg contents decreased, while Ca increased, after thetreatments.Interestingly, the spraying increased the sugar/acid ratio, significantly decreasedtitratable acid, and heightened vitamin C content resulting in an improved eating quality of the fruits. However, spraying athigh Ca concentration tended to reduce the soluble solids and sugars in the fruits. It was concluded that, within the tested concentration range, spraying the Ca-containing solutions on the mango plants could upgrade the fruit quality, withthe greatest effect observedat a Ca concentration of 0.5 g·L^-1.
- foliar fertilization /
- mango /
- calcium spray /
- fruit quality

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表 1 试验果园土壤理化性状

Table 1. Chemical properties of soil at mango plantation

pH值	有机质/ (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮N/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷P/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾K / (mg·kg^-1)	交换性钙Ca/ (mg·kg^-1)	交换性镁Mg/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效铜Cu/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效锌Zn/ (mg·kg^-1)
5.42	13.93	137.9	333.0	136.0	221.2	62.96	1.77	5.36

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表 2 叶施不同质量浓度液钙对芒果叶片钾、钙、镁含量的影响

Table 2. Effect of foliage spray at varied Ca concentrations on K, Ca and Mg contents in mango leaves

[单位/(g·kg^-1)]
纯钙用量/ (g·L^-1)	第1梢叶			第2梢叶
纯钙用量/ (g·L^-1)	K	Ca	Mg	K	Ca	Mg
CK	3.45a	21.77b	0.98a	3.45b	20.90c	1.56a
0.5	3.31a	19.93b	1.02a	3.90ab	23.50b	1.37a
1.5	2.85a	22.63a	1.01a	4.30a	22.90bc	1.44a
2.5	2.42a	24.25ab	0.97a	3.45b	24.91a	1.49a
3.5	2.35a	22.28a	1.06a	2.31c	26.49a	1.45a
注：同列数据后不同小写字母分别表示差异达5%显著水平, 表 3、5同。

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表 3 叶施不同浓度液钙对芒果成熟果实钾、钙、镁含量的影响

Table 3. Effect of foliage spray at varied Ca concentrations on K, Ca and Mg contents in ripe mango fruits

[单位/(g·kg^-1)]
纯钙用量/(g·L^-1)	果皮			果肉			果核
纯钙用量/(g·L^-1)	K	Ca	Mg	K	Ca	Mg	K	Ca	Mg
CK	10.36a	4.17a	1.25b	11.57a	0.85b	0.86a	4.22a	2.36a	0.73a
0.5	10.62a	4.38a	1.03c	11.53a	1.13a	0.75a	3.39b	2.48a	0.54e
1.5	10.47a	4.60a	1.27b	10.83a	0.94b	0.80a	3.83ab	2.64a	0.71c
2.5	10.42a	5.00a	1.40a	11.22a	0.99ab	0.78a	3.79ab	2.36a	0.73a
3.5	11.09a	5.73a	1.28b	10.72a	1.00ab	0.78a	3.74ab	2.90a	0.65d

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表 4 芒果叶片与成熟果实间钾、钙、镁元素的相关性(n=15)

Table 4. Correlation on K, Ca and Mg contents between mango leaves and ripe fruits (n=15)

	元素	果皮K	果皮Ca	果皮Mg	果肉K	果肉Ca	果肉Mg	果核K	果核Ca	果核Mg
第1梢叶	K	-0.509	-0.908^*	-0.670	0.778	-0.115	0.394	0.166	-0.524	-0.246
	Ca	-0.182	0.422	0.976^**	-0.439	-0.440	0.173	0.400	-0.058	0.810
	Mg	0.934^*	0.621	-0.320	-0.613	0.387	-0.418	-0.434	0.938^*	-0.532
第2梢叶	K	-0.749	-0.774	-0.291	0.335	0.036	0.010	-0.103	-0.524	-0.010
	Ca	0.775	0.935^*	0.260	-0.643	0.505	-0.685	-0.521	0.636	-0.232
	Mg	0.385	0.674	0.312	-0.672	0.508	-0.754	-0.591	0.430	-0.102
注：表示在0.05水平上显著相关。*表示在0.01水平上显著相关。

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表 5 叶施不同质量浓度液钙对芒果成熟果实品质的影响

Table 5. Effect of foliage spray at varied Ca concentrations onquality of ripe mango fruits

纯钙用量/ (g·L^-1)	可溶性固形物/%	可溶性糖/%	可滴定酸/%	糖酸比	维生素C/ (mg·hg^-1)
CK	13.67a	8.80a	0.44a	20.86c	19.06b
0.5	13.05a	10.77a	0.16b	70.45a	19.91b
1.5	11.90b	7.72ab	0.16b	49.98b	21.04a
2.5	12.83ab	9.83a	0.25b	27.58c	20.97a
3.5	12.80ab	6.02b	0.28b	22.37c	20.73a

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