不同品种叶用莴苣营养液膜栽培性状及产量分析

陈永快; 王涛; 黄语燕; 兰婕; 雷锦桂; 吴宝意; 陈华

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.007

不同品种叶用莴苣营养液膜栽培性状及产量分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.007

陈永快^1,,
王涛¹,
黄语燕¹,
兰婕¹,
雷锦桂¹,
吴宝意¹,
陈华^2, ,

1.
福建省农业科学院数字农业研究所，福建　福州　350003
2.
福建省农业科学院，福建　福州　350003

基金项目: 福建省农业科学院青年人才创新基金（YC2018-9）；2018福建省科技计划区域发展项目（2018N3007）；福建省农业科学院青年人才自由探索创新项目（AA2018-26）；福建省农业科学院科技示范基地项目（sfjd1829）；德化道畋智慧农业体验谷建设项目（A2017-32）；福建省农业科学院一般项目（A20170-3）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈永快（1981−），男，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：设施农业（E-mail：stonecyk@126.com）

通讯作者:
陈华（1976−），男，副研究员，研究方向：作物栽培研究（E-mail：273071665@qq.com）

中图分类号: S 636.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-03-07
- 修回日期: 2019-06-17
- 刊出日期: 2019-10-01

Greenhouse Nutrient Film Technique Cultivation and Production of Lettuce

1.
Institute of Digital Agriculture, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China
2.
Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China

摘要

摘要: 目的鉴选适宜南方薄膜温室内营养液膜（NFT）模式栽植的叶用莴苣品种，为福建省叶用莴苣种质资源推广和新品种引进提供可靠依据。方法收集省内外13个性状优良的叶用莴苣种类，在中以示范农场薄膜温室内，采用浅液流水培技术对供试品种采收期的形态指标、产量指标及营养品质进行综合分析。结果在形态与产量指标方面，株高以绿神表现最佳，高达29.23 cm，其产量较小叶苦苣、格林、紫雅品种分别显著增加48.69%、57.75%、63.45%，单株产量可达94.13 g，其次为绿玫瑰，单产量可达89.50 g。在营养品质方面，绿玫瑰在可食叶片中的花青素、纤维素含量最高，且硝态氮含量累积最少；可食叶片中光合色素含量以绿神表现最优，抗坏血酸含量以紫霞表现最高，可溶性糖含量以优雅表现最佳。结论绿玫瑰具有较高的产量及营养价值，最适宜在南方薄膜温室NFT模式下栽培。
- 营养液膜 /
- 叶用莴苣 /
- 产量 /
- 品质
Abstract: Objective Growing varieties of leafy lettuce (Lactuca Sativa) with the nutrient film technique (NFT) in a greenhouse were evaluated for the hydroponic cultivation in southern Fujian. Methods Thirteen varieties of lettuce with desirable qualities were collected from the province and elsewhere for the experimentation. The morphological characteristics, leaf yield, and nutritional quality of each species grown under the NFT system in a greenhouse were monitored for analysis. Results The Lvshen variety attained the greatest plant height of 29.23 cm with a yield of 94.13 g per plant, which was 48.69% higher than that of Xiaoyekuju, 57.75% higher than that of Greekn, and 63.45% higher than that of Ziya. Lvmeigui was the second highest on yield, at 89.50 g per plant. Nutritionally, Lvmeigui had the most anthocyanin and cellulose in edible leaves but least on accumulated nitrate nitrogen among all tested varieties. The greatest content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves was found in Lvshen, that of ascorbic acid in Zixia, and that of soluble sugar in Youya. Conclusion Overall, Lvmeigui showed the most desirable high yield and nutritional value and was considered most suitable among the 13 varieties of lettuce for the greenhouse NFT cultivation in southern Fujian.
- nutrient film technique /
- lettuce /
- yield /
- quality

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表 1 供试品种及其生产商

Table 1. Varieties and producers of lettuce under study

编号 Number	品种 Varieties	生产商 Producers
1	四季 Siji	福建农科农业良种开发有限公司 Fujian Agricultural Variety Development Co., Ltd.
2	波士顿 Boston	北京凤鸣雅世科技发展有限公司 Beijing Fengming Yashi Technology Development Co., Ltd.
3	绿雅 Lvya	上海惠和种业有限公司 Shanghai Huihe Seed Industry Co., Ltd.
4	绿神 Lvshen	上海惠和种业有限公司 Shanghai Huihe Seed Industry Co., Ltd.
5	绿苣 Lvju	上海惠和种业有限公司 Shanghai Huihe Seed Industry Co., Ltd.
6	绿蝶 Lvdie	上海惠和种业有限公司 Shanghai Huihe Seed Industry Co., Ltd.
7	绿玫瑰 Lvmeigui	上海惠和种业有限公司 Shanghai Huihe Seed Industry Co., Ltd.
8	紫雅 Ziya	上海惠和种业有限公司 Shanghai Huihe Seed Industry Co., Ltd.
9	紫艳 Ziyan	上海惠和种业有限公司 Shanghai Huihe Seed Industry Co., Ltd.
10	紫霞 Zixia	上海惠和种业有限公司 Shanghai Huihe Seed Industry Co., Ltd.
11	优雅 Youya	上海惠和种业有限公司 Shanghai Huihe Seed Industry Co., Ltd.
12	格林 Greekn	上海惠和种业有限公司 Shanghai Huihe Seed Industry Co., Ltd.
13	小叶苦苣 Xiaoyekuju	上海惠和种业有限公司 Shanghai Huihe Seed Industry Co., Ltd.

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表 2 不同叶用莴苣出苗情况调查表

Table 2. Seedling emergence of various lettuce varieties

编号 Number	品种 Varieties	出苗率 Rate of emergence/%
编号 Number	品种 Varieties	10月15日 15 October	10月17日 17 October	10月19日 19 October
1	四季 Siji	76.62±0.63 i	82.53±0.03 g	83.76±0.01 g
2	波士顿 Boston	68.75±0.26 j	70.27±0.25 h	74.33±0.01 h
3	绿雅 Lvya	98.85±0.31 b	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a
4	绿神 Lvshen	76.60±0.18 i	88.80±0.06 f	91.23±0.02 f
5	绿苣 Lvju	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a
6	绿蝶 Lvdie	82.50±0.06 h	96.84±0.02 c	100.00±0.00 a
7	绿玫瑰 Lvmeigui	85.47±0.50 g	97.54±0.03 b	98.13±0.01 c
8	紫雅 Ziya	96.26±0.04 c	97.53±0.03 b	97.53±0.03 d
9	紫艳 Ziyan	87.53±0.03 f	92.52±0.02 e	93.78±0.03 e
10	紫霞 Zixia	95.30±0.30 d	97.53±0.03 b	97.53±0.03 d
11	优雅 Youya	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a
12	格林 Greekn	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a
13	小叶苦苣 Xiaoyekuju	93.67±0.08 e	96.23±0.02 d	98.76±0.01 b
注：同列数据后不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著，下同。 Note: The data in the same column with different lowercase letters were with significant differences at the 0.05 level. The same as Table 3–6.

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表 3 不同品种叶用莴苣形态指标差异

Table 3. Morphological indices of various varieties of lettuce

编号 Number	品种 Varieties	株高 Plant height/cm	展幅 Expansion/cm	叶片数 Vane number	种类 Description	生长类型 Growth type	叶色 Leaf colour	叶形 Lobate	口感 Texture
1	四季 Siji	21.83±0.06 d	21.50±0.26 e	15.53±0.58 de	意大利 Italy	结球型 Nodular type	嫩绿色 Peak green	近圆形 Near circle	脆嫩爽口，微甜
2	波士顿 Boston	22.33±0.31 c	23.80±0.56 b	20.00±0.58 c	奶油 Beurre	结球型 Nodular type	嫩绿色 Peak green	倒卵形 Obovate	柔软多汁，微甜
3	绿雅 Lvya	20.23±0.21 e	23.00±0.61 cd	16.00±1.00 d	奶油 Beurre	结球型 Nodular type	青绿色 Turquoise	椭圆形 Oval	质地柔软，微苦
4	绿神 Lvshen	29.23±0.25 a	20.40±0.10 f	15.53±0.58 de	罗马 Rome	直立型 Vertical type	深绿色 Bottle green	倒卵形 Obovate	脆嫩柔软，微甜
5	绿苣 Lvju	20.13±0.15 e	15.93±0.12 h	11.33±0.58 f	皱叶 Wrinkled leaf	散叶型 Scattered leaf type	黄绿色 Kelly	锯齿状 Hackly	柔嫩清脆，微甜
6	绿蝶 Lvdie	17.53±0.12 g	23.27±0.06 bc	24.67±0.58 ab	奶油 Beurre	结球型 Nodular type	翠绿色 Emerald	圆形 Circular	柔中带脆，微苦
7	绿玫瑰 Lvmeigui	22.00±0.31 cd	22.50±0.40 d	21.33±0.58 bc	奶油 Beurre	结球型 Nodular type	鲜绿色 Emerald green	近圆形 Near circle	柔嫩爽脆，微甜
8	紫雅 Ziya	15.20±0.35 i	16.80±0.35 g	10.67±0.58 f	皱叶 Wrinkled leaf	散叶型 Scattered leaf type	紫绿色 Purple green	羽状 Pinniform	鲜嫩清香，苦中带甜
9	紫艳 Ziyan	24.03±0.15 b	23.83±0.29 b	12.33±0.58 def	罗莎 Rosa	散叶型 Scattered leaf type	紫红色 Amaranth	倒卵形 Obovate	质地软滑，微苦
10	紫霞 Zixia	14.10±0.17 j	23.50±0.50 bc	13.00±0.58 def	罗莎 Rosa	散叶型 Scattered leaf type	紫红色 Amaranth	锯齿状 Hackly	软脆鲜嫩，味苦
11	优雅 Youya	17.90±0.17 g	21.30±0.40 e	11.33±0.58 f	皱叶 Wrinkled leaf	散叶型 Scattered leaf type	亮绿色 Bright green	锯齿状 Hackly	清脆爽口，微甜
12	格林 Greekn	16.13±0.15 h	15.23±0.25 i	12.00±1.00 ef	皱叶 Wrinkled leaf	散叶型 Scattered leaf type	黄绿色 Kelly	羽状 Pinniform	香脆多汁，微苦
13	小叶苦苣 Xiaoyekuju	18.67±0.58 f	25.37±0.31 a	26.67±0.58 a	皱叶 Wrinkled leaf	散叶型 Scattered leaf type	绿色 Green	羽状 Pinniform	脆嫩多汁，味苦

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表 4 不同品种叶用莴苣产量差异

Table 4. Leaf yield of various varieties of lettuce

编号 Number	品种 Varieties	地上部鲜重 Aboveground fresh weight/g	地下部鲜重 Fresh weight under the ground/g	地上部干重 Dry weight of shoot/g	地下部干重 Underground dry weight/g	毛重 Rough weight/g	净重 Suttle weight/g	净菜率 Net vegetable rate/%
1	四季 Siji	80.83±0.68 d	12.93±0.25 e	3.90±0.17 c	0.71±0.04 b	120.70±0.79 c	76.73±0.38 d	0.64±0.00 e
2	波士顿 Boston	87.13±0.38 c	18.93±0.85 a	4.30±0.20 bc	0.48±0.02 d	119.43±0.60 d	82.23±0.31 b	0.69±0.00 a
3	绿雅 Lvya	68.17±0.32 g	14.00±0.35 d	3.50±0.24 d	0.58±0.06 c	99.00±0.78 f	64.87±0.55 g	0.66±0.01 cd
4	绿神 Lvshen	94.13±0.80 a	16.83±0.85 b	8.20±0.44 a	0.92±0.05 a	134.90±0.53 a	89.27±0.31 a	0.66±0.01 bc
5	绿苣 Lvju	50.67±0.15 i	15.93±0.12 h	3.40±0.10 d	0.46±0.05 d	75.17±0.12 i	48.70±0.66 i	0.65±0.01 d
6	绿蝶 Lvdie	73.43±0.31 e	11.97±0.59 f	4.17±0.29 bc	0.88±0.06 a	100.10±0.26 e	65.93±0.31 f	0.66±0.00 bcd
7	绿玫瑰 Lvmeigui	89.50±0.36 b	11.60±0.17 f	4.30±0.10 bc	0.65±0.02 b	122.27±0.21 b	80.20±0.46 c	0.66±0.01 cd
8	紫雅 Ziya	34.40±0.26 l	6.93±0.12 h	1.77±0.21 g	0.19±0.00 g	53.67±0.81 l	32.93±0.25 m	0.61±0.01 f
9	紫艳 Ziyan	72.50±0.26 f	5.60±0.46 i	4.43±0.15 b	0.33±0.03 f	98.50±0.40 f	68.40±0.35 e	0.69±0.00 a
10	紫霞 Zixia	49.97±0.06 i	8.87±0.15 g	2.70±0.10 e	0.32±0.01 f	70.83±0.50 j	47.40±0.20 j	0.67±0.00 b
11	优雅 Youya	53.27±0.59 h	8.70±0.20 g	3.27±0.59 d	0.37±0.01 ef	78.33±0.64 h	51.87±0.12 h	0.66±0.01 bc
12	格林 Greekn	39.77±0.70 k	17.30±0.36 b	2.17±0.21 f	0.23±0.00 g	61.47±0.49 k	39.03±0.38 l	0.64±0.00 e
13	小叶苦苣 Xiaoyekuju	48.30±0.44 j	15.93±0.31 c	3.37±0.25 d	0.40±0.01 e	83.87±0.90 g	45.90±0.90 k	0.55±0.00 g

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表 5 不同品种叶用莴苣采收后可食叶片中光合色素含量差异

Table 5. Photosynthetic pigments in harvested lettuce leaves

编号 Number	品种 Varieties	叶绿素a Chlorophyl a/（mg·g⁻¹）	叶绿素b Chlorophyll b/（mg·g⁻¹）	类胡萝卜 Carotenoid/（mg·g⁻¹）	叶绿素总量 Total chlorophyll content/（mg·g⁻¹）
1	四季 Siji	0.24±0.00 h	0.06±0.02 cde	0.08±0.02 bcd	0.30±0.09 cde
2	波士顿 Boston	0.10±0.00 j	0.01±0.01 e	0.07±0.02 cd	0.11±0.06 e
3	绿雅 Lvya	0.17±0.00 i	0.04±0.02 de	0.06±0.03 d	0.20±0.12 de
4	绿神 Lvshen	0.93±0.05 a	0.32±0.12 a	0.25±0.03 a	1.25±0.45 a
5	绿苣 Lvju	0.34±0.01 ef	0.11±0.03 cd	0.09±0.03 bcd	0.45±0.12 cde
6	绿蝶 Lvdie	0.36±0.00 def	0.11±0.04 cd	0.10±0.03 bcd	0.46±0.12 cd
7	绿玫瑰 Lvmeigui	0.33±0.00 ef	0.07±0.05 cde	0.08±0.03 bcd	0.39±0.17 cde
8	紫雅 Ziya	0.41±0.03 cd	0.12±0.24 cd	0.09±0.04 bcd	0.53±0.10 bcd
9	紫艳 Ziyan	0.27±0.04 gh	0.12±0.10 cd	0.06±0.01 cd	0.39±0.05 cde
10	紫霞 Zixia	0.31±0.03 fg	0.10±0.01 cd	0.09±0.01 bcd	0.42±0.04 cde
11	优雅 Youya	0.38±0.01 de	0.13±0.03 bc	0.10±0.02 bcd	0.51±0.11 bcd
12	格林 Greekn	0.43±0.01 c	0.14±0.04 bc	0.14±0.03 bc	0.58±0.14 bc
13	小叶苦苣 Xiaoyekuju	0.62±0.07 b	0.21±0.09 b	0.15±0.06 b	0.83±0.32 b

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表 6 不同品种叶用莴苣采收后可食叶片中营养品质差异

Table 6. Nutritional quality of harvested lettuce leaves

编号 Number	品种 Varieties	花青素 Anthocyanin/（mg·g⁻¹）	抗坏血酸 Vitamin C/（mg·g⁻¹）	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/%	纤维素 Cellulose/%	硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen/（μg·g⁻¹）
1	四季 Siji	3.34±0.07 a	0.56±0.00 e	0.27±0.04 bcd	0.01±0.00 ab	24.35±0.22 i
2	波士顿 Boston	3.16±0.10 a	0.50±0.00 f	0.29±0.00 bc	0.00±0.00 b	30.65±0.34 h
3	绿雅 Lvya	2.90±0.03 a	0.48±0.00 g	0.19±0.02 d	0.02±0.01 ab	37.53±0.29 g
4	绿神 Lvshen	3.04±0.60 a	0.56±0.00 e	0.20±0.00 d	0.02±0.00 ab	38.95±0.07 f
5	绿苣 Lvju	3.14±0.29 a	0.45±0.00 h	0.39±0.01 a	0.01±0.00 b	17.95±0.03 k
6	绿蝶 Lvdie	3.39±0.09 a	0.38±0.00 i	0.21±0.02 cd	0.01±0.00 ab	43.79±0.32 e
7	绿玫瑰 Lvmeigui	3.41±0.15 a	0.68±0.00 c	0.26±0.03 bcd	0.02±0.03 a	6.54±0.12 l
8	紫雅 Ziya	2.37±0.61 b	0.58±0.00 d	0.21±0.02 cd	0.02±0.01 ab	199.40±0.37 a
9	紫艳 Ziyan	1.20±0.20 c	1.25±0.00 b	0.29±0.02 bc	0.01±0.00 ab	54.82±0.28 c
10	紫霞 Zixia	1.15±0.06 c	1.33±0.00 a	0.31±0.04 b	0.01±0.00 b	94.51±0.33 b
11	优雅 Youya	3.31±0.26 a	0.24±0.00 l	0.42±0.12 a	0.02±0.00 ab	44.13±0.00 e
12	格林 Greekn	3.34±0.15 a	0.27±0.00 k	0.22±0.02 cd	0.01±0.00 ab	47.26±0.33 d
13	小叶苦苣 Xiaoyekuju	3.39±0.12 a	0.30±0.00 j	0.24±0.05 bcd	0.01±0.01 ab	22.68±0.07 j

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