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麻地膜对设施网纹甜瓜产量品质与土壤环境的影响

田航飞 宋晓勇 韩冰 徐雯琦 陈晓峰

田航飞,宋晓勇,韩冰,等. 麻地膜对设施网纹甜瓜产量品质与土壤环境的影响 [J]. 福建农业学报,2021,36(3):290−295 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.03.006
引用本文: 田航飞,宋晓勇,韩冰,等. 麻地膜对设施网纹甜瓜产量品质与土壤环境的影响 [J]. 福建农业学报,2021,36(3):290−295 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.03.006
TIAN H F, SONG X Y, HAN B, et al. Effects of Degradable Hemp Mulching Film on Yield and Quality of Cantaloupe and Soil in Greenhouse [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2021,36(3):290−295 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.03.006
Citation: TIAN H F, SONG X Y, HAN B, et al. Effects of Degradable Hemp Mulching Film on Yield and Quality of Cantaloupe and Soil in Greenhouse [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2021,36(3):290−295 doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.03.006

麻地膜对设施网纹甜瓜产量品质与土壤环境的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.03.006
基金项目: 中国农业大学烟台研究院科研项目(YT201905);山东省烟台市重点研发计划项目(2016ZH076);中国农业大学本科生URP项目(U20202001)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    田航飞(2000−),女,研究方向:设施农业科学与工程专业(E-mail:2775708099@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    陈晓峰(1979−),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:设施农业栽培与技术(E-mail:cxfeng1979@126.com

  • 中图分类号: S 652.4

Effects of Degradable Hemp Mulching Film on Yield and Quality of Cantaloupe and Soil in Greenhouse

  • 摘要:   目的  为进一步验证麻地膜覆盖栽培在瓜类作物上的应用效果,通过对比试验比较麻地膜覆盖栽培对网纹甜瓜生长微环境以及其生长发育的影响,为麻地膜在设施栽培中的应用提供理论依据。  方法  以网纹甜瓜“鲁厚甜1号”为试材,采用单因素随机区组设计方法,研究3种覆盖栽培方法对日光温室网纹甜瓜生长发育以及设施内土壤环境的影响。  结果  与无地膜覆盖栽培处理(CK)相比,麻地膜(MDM)和PE农用薄膜(PEBM)覆盖栽培地温可提高3.3 ℃左右;MDM处理在一定程度上可以提高土壤含水量,且与PEBM处理没有明显差别。生育期观察发现,MDM、PEBM处理网纹甜瓜植株的授粉日期比CK分别提前了3、4 d,果实采收日期均提前了10 d;与对照相比,MDM和PEBM处理单果重分别提高18.4%和14.7%;MDM处理下增产效果较PEBM处理显著,小区产量和单位面积产量均较PEBM处理提高了3%左右;与CK处理相比,MDM和PEBM处理果实可溶性糖含量分别提高10.7%和9.9%。网纹甜瓜采收结束后,对土壤养分含量进行测定,结果表明,同CK相比,MDM、PEBM处理下土壤速效氮分别下降13.0、9.0 mg·kg−1,土壤速效磷分别下降17.0、9.0 mg·kg−1,土壤速效钾分别下降33.0、24.0 mg·kg−1,但各处理间土壤全效养分含量变化不显著。MDM处理对土壤内微生物的数量有较大影响,其中细菌和真菌的数量增长量最大,分别比CK高101.60%和70.66%,放线菌数量表现出微弱的增长,比CK高23.24%。  结论  研究结果证实麻地膜覆盖栽培适用于设施网纹甜瓜无公害栽培。
  • 表  1  不同处理对网纹甜瓜果实生长发育的影响

    Table  1.   Effects of mulching with different films on growth and development of cantaloupes

    处理
    Treatments
    定植日期
    Date of
    planting
    授粉日期
    Date of
    pollination
    采收日期
    Date of
    Harvest
    果实发育期
    Fruit development
    periods/d
    平均单瓜重
    Single fruit
    weight/g
    小区产量
    Plot
    yield/kg
    单位面积产量
    Yield per unit area/
    (kg·667 m−2
    MDM2019-03-212019-04-192019-06-0648 b1958±12 a117±4 a3406±6 a
    PEBM2019-03-212019-04-182019-06-0649 b1898±20 a113±2 a3303±5 a
    CK2019-03-212019-04-222019-06-1554 a1654±7 b99±7 b2878±4 b
    注: 同列数据之后不同小写字母者表示差异显著(P<0.05),表26同。
    Note: Data with different letters on same column show significant difference (P<0.05). Same for Tables 2-6.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同处理对网纹甜瓜果实营养品质的影响

    Table  2.   Effects of mulching with different films on nutritional quality of cantaloupes

    处理
    Treatments
    可溶性糖含量
    Soluble sugar content/
    (mg·g−1FW)
    可溶性固形物含量/%
    Soluble solid
    content
    Vc含量/
    (µg·g−1FW)
    Vc content
    MDM 139.2±6.6 a18.3±1.2 a29.7±1.1 a
    PEBM138.1±7.2 a18.2±0.8 a30.1±0.7 a
    CK125.7±10.4 b16.9±1.0 b27.5±1.3 b
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  不同处理对土壤温度影响

    Table  3.   Effect of mulching with different films on soil temperature (单位:℃)

    处理
    Treatments
    2019-03-28 2019-04-12 2019-04-27 2019-05-12 2019-05-27
    20 cm40 cm 20 cm40 cm 20 cm40 cm 20 cm40 cm 20 cm40 cm
    MDM 18.3 a 17.6 a 20.9 a 20.4 a 23.0 a 22.1 a 25.0 a 23.9 a 27.6 a 25.9 a
    PEBM 18.5 a 17.7 a 20.9 a 20.3 a 23.2 a 22.2 a 25.0 a 24.1 a 27.8 a 26.2 a
    CK 15.2 b 14.6 b 17.7 b 17.1 b 19.6 b 18.8 b 21.7 b 20.8 b 24.3 b 22.8 b
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  不同处理对土壤含水量的影响

    Table  4.   Effect of mulching with different films on soil moisture content

    处理
    Treatments
    土壤含水量 Water content of soil/%
    2019-03-282019-04-122019-04-272019-05-122019-05-27
    MDM37.32±1.01 a37.05±1.05 a36.43±0.65 a35.97±0.65 a35.66±1.34 a
    PEBM38.86±0.78 a38.52±1.23 a37.76±1.35 a36.66±0.87 a36.92±0.98 a
    CK36.13±0.94 b33.56±1.22 b33.35±0.22 b32.98±1.43 b32.25±0.76 b
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  不同处理对土壤养分和pH的影响

    Table  5.   Effects of mulching with different films on soil nutrients and pH

    处理
    Treatments
    有机质
    Organic matter/
    (g·kg−1
    速效氮
    Available nitrogen/
    (mg·kg−1
    速效磷
    Available phosphorus/
    (mg·kg−1
    速效钾
    Available potassium/
    (mg·kg−1
    全氮
    Total nitrogen/
    (g·kg−1
    全钾
    Total potassium/
    (g·kg−1
    pH值
    pH value
    MDM16.5±0.9 b101±10 b56±11 c187±12 b0.91±0.17 a4.56±0.22 a7.01±0.07 b
    PEBM16.8±0.2 b105±9 b64±15 b196±11 b0.96±0.11 a4.51±0.34 a7.05±0.11 b
    CK18.7±1.2 a114±11 a73±13 a220±19 a0.98±0.09 a4.35±0.29 a7.21±0.13 a
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  不同处理对土壤微生物数量的影响

    Table  6.   Effects of mulching with different films on soil microbial counts

    处理
    Treatments
    微生物数量 microbial quantity
    细菌
    Bacteria/
    (×105cfu·g−1
    真菌
    Fungi/
    (×103cfu·g−1
    放线菌
    Actinomycetes/
    (×105cfu·g−1
    MDM2.52±0.17 a2.85±0.35 a2.28±0.21 a
    PEBM2.84±0.15 a2.37±0.23 a2.12±0.17 a
    CK1.25±0.12 b1.67±0.18 b1.85±0.26 b
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2020-10-28
  • 修回日期:  2020-11-25
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-02-08
  • 刊出日期:  2021-03-31

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