水稻秸秆生物炭对3种土壤水溶态Cd动态变化的影响

张家康; 庄雅玲; 张力文; 林桂权; 林永崇; 李荭荭

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.02.014

水稻秸秆生物炭对3种土壤水溶态Cd动态变化的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.02.014

张家康^1,,
庄雅玲¹,
张力文¹,
林桂权¹,
林永崇¹,
李荭荭^{1, 2, ,}

1.
闽南师范大学历史地理学院，福建　漳州　363000
2.
福建农林大学资源与环境学院，福建　福州　350002

基金项目: 福建省高校杰出青年科研人才培育计划项目（2018）；大学生创新创业项目（20191402051）；福建省中青年教师教育科研项目（JAT190365）；闽南师范大学校长基金项目（KJ18003）

详细信息

作者简介:
张家康（1999−），男，主要从事土壤重金属污染与修复研究（E-mail：1612987837@qq.com）

通讯作者:
李荭荭（1990−），女，博士，副教授，研究方向：土壤环境化学研究（E-mail：879428026@qq.com）

中图分类号: X 53
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-01
- 修回日期: 2020-12-01
- 网络出版日期: 2021-02-08
- 刊出日期: 2021-02-28

Effects of Rice Straw Biochar on Water-soluble Cd in Three Flooded Different Types of Soil

1.
School of History and Geography, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian　363000, China
2.
College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨淹水环境下生物炭对不同类型土壤中镉（Cd）的钝化效果，为生物炭修复镉污染稻田土壤提供科学依据。方法将外源Cd添加到黄壤、红壤性水稻土和棕壤中，分别设置对照和添加5%（W/W）生物炭处理，通过室内模拟试验探讨淹水条件下生物炭对不同土壤中Cd钝化效果的影响。结果淹水初期（1 d），与对照相比生物炭处理显著降低3种土壤溶液的pH值和土壤氧化还原电位值（Eh），但提高了土壤电导率值。随淹水时间增加，对照处理的3种土壤Eh值均逐渐降低，生物炭处理可使土壤氧化还原反应减缓。在淹水初期，对照处理下的3种土壤水溶态Cd含量由高到低依次为：黄壤（272.5 μg·L⁻¹）＞红壤性水稻土（23.48 μg·L⁻¹）＞棕壤（1.44 μg·L⁻¹），生物炭处理的3种土壤水溶态Cd含量分别降低31.66%、75.04%和66.67%。随淹水时间增加，对照处理下黄壤和红壤性水稻土的水溶态Cd含量均逐渐降低，到淹水30 d时的降幅分别为89.34%和76.53%；而生物炭处理的水溶态Cd含量降低幅度较小，分别为85.41%和37.03%。淹水30 d之后，与对照处理相比，生物炭处理的黄壤、红壤性水稻土和棕壤有效态Cd含量分别降低17.3%、56.3%和12.4%。结论 5%生物炭处理可显著降低3种土壤的水溶态Cd含量。但随淹水时间增加，3种土壤的对照处理与生物炭处理之间的水溶态Cd含量差值均缩小。淹水30 d后，与对照处理相比，生物炭对水稻土有效态Cd含量的降幅大于棕壤和黄壤。
- 生物炭 /
- 镉 /
- 淹水 /
- 土壤类型
Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of biochar made from rice straws on cadmium (Cd) immobilization in different types of soil under flooding. Method An in-lab experiment on 3 Cd-added different types of soil with or without a 5% addition of biochar made from rice straws was conducted under varied durations of flooding. The types of soils used were yellow soil, paddy soil derived from quaternary red clay, and brown soil. Result The biochar reduced pH and redox potential (Eh) but increased conductivity of the soils on the first day after flooding. As the flooding persisted, Eh in the soils reduced continuously, but the rate declined in the presence of the biochar. During the initial stage of flooding, the Cd contents in the soils were highest in the yellow soil at 272.5 μg·L⁻¹ followed by the paddy soil at 23.48 μg·L⁻¹, while the brown soil at 1.44 μg·L⁻¹ being the lowest. The Cd reductions by 31.66% in the yellow soil, 75.04% in the paddy soil, and 66.67% in the brown soil were attributed to the added biochar. Under prolonged flooding, the Cd in the yellow and paddy soils gradually decreased even without the biochar addition. In 30d, the reductions were 89.34% on the yellow soil and 76.53% on the paddy soil. In comparison, the addition of the biochar brought about 85.41% Cd reduction on the yellow soil and 37.03% on the paddy soil. After 30d of flooding, the biochar out-performed control with the CaCl₂-Cd contents in the yellow, paddy, and brown soils lowered by 17.3%, 56.3%, and 12.4%, respectively. Conclusion By adding 5% of the rice straw biochar, the water-soluble Cd in the 3 different types of soil could be significantly reduced. Prolonged flooding made the effect less pronounced, and the biochar immobilization of Cd appeared more effective in the paddy soil than the other two soil types.
- biochar /
- cadmium /
- flooding /
- soil types

HTML全文

图 1 不同处理土壤溶液pH值随淹水时间的变化

注：H-CK、S-CK、Z-CK分别为黄壤、水稻土和棕壤的对照处理，H-BC、S-BC、Z-BC分别为黄壤、水稻土和棕壤的生物炭处理，*表示不同处理间存在显著性差异（P＜0.05），图2～4同。

Figure 1. Changes on soil pH under treatments

Note: Respectively, H-CK, S-CK, and Z-CK are yellow, paddy, and brown soils without biochar addition, and H-BC, S-BC, and Z-BC are those with 5% addition of biochar; * indicates significant difference at P<0.05. Same for the following.

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图 2 不同处理土壤溶液EC值随淹水时间的变化

Figure 2. Changes on soil conductivity under treatments

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图 3 不同处理土壤溶液Eh值随淹水时间的变化

Figure 3. Changes on soil Eh under treatments

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图 4 不同处理土壤水溶态Cd含量随淹水时间的变化

Figure 4. Changes on soluble Cd content in soil under treatments

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图 5 淹水30 d时从不同土壤中用0.1 mol·L⁻¹ CaCl₂溶液提取的有效态Cd含量

注：图中不同英文字母表示不同土壤间有效态镉含量差异显著（P＜0.05），* 和 ** 分别表示生物炭处理与相应对照处理间有效态镉含量在a=0.05和a=0.01水平上差异显著。

Figure 5. Available Cd in soil extracted by 0.1 mol·L⁻¹ CaCl₂ solution after 30d flooding

Note: Data with different letter on same treatment column indicate significant difference at P＜0.05; * significantly different available Cd in control and biochar-added soils at P＜0.05, and ** at P＜0.01.

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图 6 淹水30 d时各处理土壤有效态Cd含量与土壤pH值之间的相关性

Figure 6. Correlation between available Cd and pH of soils under treatments after 30 d of flooding

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表 1 供试土壤基本理化性质

Table 1. Physiochemical properties of 3 types of soil

土壤类型 Soil type	有效态镉 available Cd/（mg·kg⁻¹）	pH	CEC/ （cmol·kg⁻¹）	有机质 organic matter/（g·kg⁻¹）	颗粒含量 Particle size distribution/%
土壤类型 Soil type	有效态镉 available Cd/（mg·kg⁻¹）	pH	CEC/ （cmol·kg⁻¹）	有机质 organic matter/（g·kg⁻¹）	粉粒 Silt	砂粒 Sand	黏粒 Clay
黄壤 yellow soil	0.031	4.23	10.48	5.67	14.6	57.4	28.0
水稻土 paddy soil	0.016	5.54	10.01	32.77	20.4	61.6	18.0
棕壤 brown soil	0.009	8.16	18.71	41.34	33.4	55.1	11.6

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表 2 不同类型土壤的水溶态Cd含量与土壤溶液的pH、EC和Eh值的相关性分析

Table 2. Correlation between soluble Cd and pH, EC, and Eh of 3 types of soil

土壤类型 Soil type	对照处理 Control treatment			生物炭处理 Biochar treatment
土壤类型 Soil type	pH	EC	Eh	pH	EC	Eh
黄壤 yellow soil	−0.768^*	0.365	0.646	0.873^**	0.048	0.801^*
水稻土 paddy soil	0.692	0.046	0.836^**	−0.905^**	0.092	0.469
棕壤 brown soil	−0.118	0.716^*	−0.519	0.468	0.814^*	0.306
注：* 表示P＜0.05，达到显著相关；** 表示P＜0.01，达到极显著相关；n=6。 Note: * significant correlation at the 0.05 level（P＜0.05）；** extremely significant correlation at the 0.01 level（P＜0.01）, n=6.

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