不同种植年限茶树根际土壤微生物数量和肥力之间关系

陈丽华; 刘兰英; 吕新; 李玥仁

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.12.011

不同种植年限茶树根际土壤微生物数量和肥力之间关系

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.12.011

福建省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所/福建省农产品质量安全重点实验室，福建　福州　350003

基金项目: 福建省自然科学基金项目（2017J01052）；福建省农业科学院一般项目（A2018-16）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈丽华（1981−），女，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：微生物生态学（Email：phoenix2910052@126.com）

通讯作者:
李玥仁(1966−)，男，博士，研究员，研究方向：微生物生态学（Email：yuerenli@yeah.net）

中图分类号: Q 938.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-11-09
- 修回日期: 2019-12-08
- 刊出日期: 2019-12-01

Microbial Population and Fertility of Rhizosphere Soils at Areas of Varied Tea-planting Years

Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality & Safety, Fuzhou, Fujian　350003, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解不同种植年限茶树根际土壤微生物数量和肥力指标之间的相关性，为茶园土壤改良和稳定生产提供依据。方法采用稀释平板法对武夷山茗上缘茶业有限公司试验茶园不同土层不同种植年限（5、10、15年）茶树根际土壤微生物数量进行研究，并与土壤肥力指标进行相关性分析。结果可培养微生物数量随着土层加深而减少；10年生茶树根际土壤可培养细菌数量最大，不同种植年限茶树根际土壤的可培养真菌数量在不同土层表现出不一样的变化趋势。茶树根际土壤酸化严重，pH值为3.14～3.36；随着种植年限的增加，各项肥力指标的变化趋势不尽相同，0～15 cm土层的全磷和全钾含量随着种植年限的增加而降低，15～30 cm土层全氮和碱解氮的含量随着种植年限的增加而增加，其他的指标则在连续种植5年或10年的时候出现最高值或最低值。冗余分析发现，可培养细菌数量主要受速效钾和全磷含量的影响，可培养真菌数量主要受全氮和碱解氮含量的影响。结论采样点不同种植年限茶树根际土壤微生物数量和部分肥力指标之间存在着相关性。
- 茶树 /
- 根际土壤 /
- 微生物数量 /
- 肥力 /
- 种植年限
Abstract: Objective Correlation between the microbial community and the nutrients in rhizosphere soils of varied years of tea-planting was studied to improve soil conditions and productivity at tea plantations. Method Microbial specimens collected from the rhizosphere soils at areas where tea bushes had been planted for 5, 10 and 15 years in Wuyishan city were cultured in the lab using standard dilution-plating method. A correlation analysis was conducted between the microbial count and soil fertility at corresponding sampling spots. Result The microbial population in soil layers decreased with the depth. The counts in different soil layers at areas of different planting ages did not show a consistent pattern. The 10-year-old planting area had the highest microbial count in the rhizosphere. Acidification of the rhizosphere soils was serious showing a pH ranging from 3.14 to 3.36. The fertility indices on soils of different planting ages differed. The contents of total P and total K in the 0−15 cm soil decreased with planting age, while those of total and available N in the 15−30 cm layer increased with years of planting. Other fertility indices either peaked or bottomed out when consecutively cultivated for 5 or 10-years. The redundancy analysis on the data revealed that the bacterial plate count was mainly affected by the contents of available K and total P in soil, while the fungal count by total and available N. Conclusion There was a significant correlation between the microbial population and fertility indices (e.g., available K, available P, total N, and available N ) in the rhizosphere soils of varying years of tea cultivation at the plantations.
- Tea plant /
- rhizosphere soil /
- microbial count /
- fertility /
- years of tea-planting

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图 1 不同种植年限茶树根际土壤的可培养细菌数量变化

注：图中样品名称后面的“-1”和“-2”表示不同采样深度的土壤样品。“-1”代表采样深度为0～15 cm的土壤样品；“-2”代表采样深度为15～30 cm的土壤样品。图中不同小写字母表示样品间差异显著( P ＜0.05)。下同。

Figure 1. Bacterial plate count of soil specimens from areas of different tea-planting years

Note: The "-1" and "-2" following the sample name indicate soil samples with different sampling depths. “-1” means the soil sampling depth is from 0 to 15 cm; “-2” means the soil sampling depth is from 15 to 30 cm. Different lowercases in the picture indicate significant difference at 0.05 level among different samples. The same below.

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图 2 不同种植年限茶树根际土壤的可培养真菌数量变化

Figure 2. Fungal plate count of soil specimens from areas of different tea-planting years

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图 3 不同种植年限茶树根际土壤的可培养微生物数量与肥力指标的冗余分析

注：图中Bacteria代表可培养细菌数量，Fungus代表可培养真菌数量，TN、TP和TK分别代表总氮、总磷和总钾，AN、AP和AK分别代表碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾，OM代表有机质，pH即pH值。

Figure 3. RDA analysis on microbial counts and fertility indices in soils from areas of different tea-planting years

Note: Bacteria means number of laboratory-cultured bacteria; Fungus means number of laboratory-cultured fungus; TN, TP and TK mean total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium respectively; AN, AP and AK mean available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium respectively; OM means organic matter; and pH means the value of pH.

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表 1 不同种植年限茶树根际土壤理化性质

Table 1. Physiochemical properties of soils from areas of different tea-planting years

样品 samples	全氮 Total N/（g·kg⁻¹）	全磷 Total P/（g·kg⁻¹）	全钾 Total K/（g·kg⁻¹）	碱解氮 Available N/（mg·kg⁻¹）	速效磷 Available P/（mg·kg⁻¹）	速效钾 Available K/（mg·kg⁻¹）	有机质 Organic matter/（g·kg⁻¹）	pH
CK-1	1.30±0.00 c	0.98±0.01 a	20.64±0.15 b	104.16±0.95 b	60.00±4.04 ab	102.96±0.44 d	26.15±0.40 b	3.21±0.00 d
CK-2	0.69±0.01 f	0.82±0.05 bc	15.20±0.35 c	84.17±0.24 d	57.25±0.62 bc	85.94±1.20 de	25.37±1.16 bc	3.30±0.00 b
Y5-1	1.40±0.00 a	0.84±0.03 b	14.03±0.09 d	102.98±0.24 bc	50.50±1.32 d	149.70±7.68 c	30.00±0.00 a	3.25±0.01 c
Y5-2	0.88±0.04 e	0.61±0.02 d	33.07±0.18 a	85.18±1.66 d	58.17±0.97 abc	145.11±4.42 c	20.31±0.44 d	3.35±0.00 a
Y10-1	1.31±0.01 c	0.74±0.05 c	12.25±0.13 g	110.38±0.24 a	52.67±0.33 cd	273.15±22.48 a	18.34±0.00 e	3.14±0.00 e
Y10-2	1.12±0.00 d	0.65±0.03 d	12.67±0.00 f	101.47±0.48 c	56.47±0.48 bcd	222.57±0.00 b	28.82±1.55 a	3.14±0.01 e
Y15-1	1.35±0.00 b	0.59±0.00 d	12.20±0.10 g	110.04±1.19 a	63.99±6.09 a	79.16±3.22 e	24.14±0.00 c	3.30±0.00 b
Y15-2	1.29±0.00 c	0.62±0.03 d	13.65±0.06 e	104.66±0.24 b	58.04±0.16 abc	77.87±0.00 e	25.77±0.75 bc	3.36±0.01 a
注：表中同列不同小写字母表示样品间在P＜0.05水平上差异显著。 Note: Different lowercases in the same column indicate significant difference at 0.05 level among different samples.

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表 2 茶园土壤肥力评价标准

Table 2. Evaluation standards on soil fertility at tea plantations

划分等级 Classification	评价指标 Evaluation indexes
划分等级 Classification	全氮 Total N/（g·kg⁻¹）	全磷 Total P/（g·kg⁻¹）	全钾 Total K/（g·kg⁻¹）	碱解氮 Available N/（mg·kg⁻¹）	速效磷 Available P/（mg·kg⁻¹）	速效钾 Available K/（mg·kg⁻¹）	有机质 Organic matter/（g·kg⁻¹）	pH
Ⅰ级	＞1.0	＞0.6	＞10	＞100	＞10	＞120	＞15	＜4.5
Ⅱ级	0.8～1.0	0.4～0.6	5～10	50～100	5～10	80～120	10～15	4.5～5.5
Ⅲ级	＜0.8	＜0.4	＜5	＜50	＜5	＜80	＜10	＞5.5

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表 3 不同种植年限茶树根际土壤肥力情况

Table 3. Fertility of soils from areas of different tea-planting years

样品 Samples	全氮 Total N	全磷Total P	全钾 Total K	碱解氮 Available N	速效磷 Available P	速效钾 Available K	有机质 Organic matter	pH
CK-1	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级
CK-2	Ⅲ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级
Y5-1	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级
Y5-2	Ⅱ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级
Y10-1	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级
Y10-2	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级
Y15-1	Ⅰ级	Ⅱ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅲ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级
Y15-2	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅲ级	Ⅰ级	Ⅰ级

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