武夷山国家级自然保护区野生蜜源植物资源分布研究

林翰哲; 华伟平

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.08.010

武夷山国家级自然保护区野生蜜源植物资源分布研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.08.010

林翰哲,
华伟平^,

1.
北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院，北京　100083
2.
武夷学院生态与资源工程学院，福建　武夷山　354300

基金项目: 福建省高校产学合作项目（2016N5011）

详细信息

作者简介:
林翰哲（1999−），男，研究方向：野生动植物保护（E-mail：448567694@qq.com）

通讯作者:
华伟平（1988−），男，博士研究生，讲师，研究方向：森林资源经营管理与评价（E-mail：511391056@qq.com）

中图分类号: Q 948.5
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-20
- 修回日期: 2020-07-29
- 刊出日期: 2020-08-19

Distribution of Nectar-producing Plants in National Wuyishan Nature Reserve

LIN Hanzhe,
HUA Weiping^,

1.
College of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing　100083, China
2.
College of Ecology and Resource Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, Fujian　354300, China

摘要

摘要: 目的掌握武夷山国家级自然保护区野生蜜源植物物种多样性及其分布规律，以期促进养蜂业在武夷山国家级自然保护区内协调发展，实现武夷山国家级自然保护区内社区居民增产、增收，并为武夷山国家公园（试点）合理规划和制定放蜂区域。方法采用徒步调查方式和植物社会学收集武夷山国家级自然保护区野生蜜源植物种类、数量、分布等数据，利用方差分析、聚类分析、β多样性Cody指数等方法，分析武夷山国家级自然保护区野生蜜源植物多样性和垂直分布格局。结果武夷山国家级自然保护区共有野生蜜源植物61科149属338种，以辅助野生蜜源植物为主、主要野生蜜源植物为辅，蜜源植物花期春季多、秋冬季少，蜜粉价值中上；海拔1 200 m以下野生蜜源植物科属及分布数量差异不显著；与低海拔相比，1200～1500 m、1500～1800 m、1800～2100 m间的野生蜜源植物科属及分布数量具有显著差异；野生蜜源植物海拔分布格局整体上呈现单峰分布；聚类分析和β多样性Cody指数分析表明低海拔野生蜜源植物丰富，特别是600～900 m海拔段野生蜜源植物最丰富。结论武夷山国家级自然保护区野生蜜源植物资源丰富，分布规律与其山体生态系统的山地海拔密切相关。
- 野生蜜源植物资源 /
- 分布格局 /
- 海拔 /
- 物种多样性 /
- 武夷山国家级自然保护区
Abstract: Objective Information on the species diversity and spatial distribution of nectar-producing plants in National Wuyishan Nature Reserve was collected for promoting the beekeeping industry, increasing the honey production, enriching the residents’ income in the surrounding communities. In addition, it might aid on the planning of a pilot bee releasing project at the Reserve. Method By foot survey and plant sociology techniques, the species, quantity, and distribution of nectar-producing plants in the National Wuyishan Nature Reserve were gathered. The diversity and vertical distribution pattern of the plants in the wild were subjected to variance analysis, cluster analysis, and β diversity measure. Result In the Reserve, there were 338 species of plants that produced nectars for honey bees. They belonged to 149 genera in 61 families and were mainly auxiliary, rather than major plants. The plants flowered mostly in spring, less in autumn and winter. Their potential honey-producing value was estimated to be medium to high. The distribution and numbers of families and genera of these nectar-producing plants were similar at elevations below 1,200m but differed significantly comparing to 1,200-1,500m, 1,500-1,800m, 1,800-2,100m. A single peak distribution pattern was observed at all altitudes. The cluster analysis and the Cody index of the β diversity measure indicated that nectar-producing plants were richly present at low altitudes, especially in 600-900m. Conclusion The resource of nectar-producing plants were rich in the National Wuyishan Nature Reserve. Their distribution closely related to the ecosystem at different altitudes of the mountain.
- wild nectar-producing plants /
- distribution pattern /
- altitude /
- species diversity /
- National Wuyishan Nature Reserve

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图 1 研究范围及调查网格

Figure 1. Survey area and grids

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图 2 不同海拔段下植物型规律

Figure 2. Plant types at different altitudes

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图 3 不同海拔段生活型分布规律

Figure 3. Distribution of life forms of plants at different altitudes

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图 4 蜜源植物垂直分布的聚类分布

Figure 4. Clustered vertical distribution of nectar-producing plants

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图 5 基于β多样性的蜜源植物Cody指数

Figure 5. Cody index of β diversity measure on nectar-producing plants

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表 1 野生蜜源植物类型

Table 1. Types of nectar-producing plants

类型 Type	科 Family		属 Genus		种 Species
类型 Type	数量 Number	比例 Proportion/%	数量 Number	比例 Proportion/%	数量 Number	比例 Proportion/%
主要野生蜜源植物 Main wild nectar source plants	23	37.70	49	32.89	86	25.44
辅助野生蜜源植物 Auxiliary wild nectar source plants	32	52.46	94	63.09	228	67.46
有毒野生蜜源植物 Poisonous wild nectar source plants	6	9.84	6	4.03	24	7.10
合计 Total	61	100.00	149	100.00	338	100.00

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表 2 野生蜜源植物花期

Table 2. Florescence of nectar-producing plants

花期 Florescence	科 Family		属 Genus		种 Species
花期 Florescence	数量 Number	比例 Proportion/%	数量 Number	比例 Proportion/%	数量 Number	比例 Proportion/%
春 Spring	26	42.62	76	51.01	182	53.85
夏 Summer	16	26.23	42	28.19	119	35.21
秋 Autumn	5	8.20	6	4.03	9	2.66
冬 Winter	14	22.95	25	16.78	28	8.28
合计 Total	61	100.00	149	100.00	338	100.00

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表 3 野生蜜源植物蜜粉价值

Table 3. Potential honey-producing value of nectar-producing plants

泌蜜数量等级 Nectar quantity grade	种 Species	比例 Proportion/%	花粉数量等级 Pollen quantity grade	种 Species	比例 Proportion/%
AAAA、AAA	74	21.89	AAAA、AAA	87	25.74
AA	123	36.39	AA	147	43.49
A、B	141	41.72	A、B	104	30.77
合计 Total	338	100.00	合计 Total	338	100.00

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