福建秃房野生茶种质资源新纪录及其子房微形态观察

王泽涵; 于文涛; 樊晓静; 方德音; 蔡捷英; 王元勋; 叶乃兴

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.08.003

福建秃房野生茶种质资源新纪录及其子房微形态观察

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.08.003

1.
福建农林大学园艺学院，福建　福州　350002
2.
福州海关技术中心，福建　福州　350001
3.
云霄县茶叶科学研究所，福建　云霄　363300
4.
福建省元勋生态科技有限公司，福建　诏安　363500

基金项目: 福建省“2011协同创新中心”中国乌龙茶产业协同创新中心专项项目（闽教科〔2015〕75号）；福建农林大学横向课题（FW2019051）；福建检验检疫局科技计划项目（FK2017-06）

详细信息

作者简介:
王泽涵（1998−），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：茶树栽培育种（E-mail：854514583@qq.com）

通讯作者:
于文涛（1984−），男，博士，高级农艺师，研究方向：植物种质资源（E-mail：wtyu@foxmail.com）

叶乃兴（1963−），男，硕士，教授，研究方向：茶树栽培育种与茶叶品质化学（E-mail：ynxtea@126.com）

中图分类号: S 571.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-04-17
- 修回日期: 2020-06-12
- 刊出日期: 2020-08-19

Micro-morphology of Wild Ovary-Glabrous Tea Germplasms in Fujian

1.
College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
2.
Technology Centre, Fuzhou Customs District of P.R. China, Fuzhou, Fujian　350001, China
3.
Yunxiao Institute of Tea Science, Yunxiao, Fujian　363300, China
4.
Fujian Yuanxun Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., Zhao'an, Fujian　363500, China

摘要

摘要: 目的观察云霄、诏安野生茶种质资源子房微形态，为福建特色茶树种质资源的发掘、鉴定提供参考依据。方法利用冷场发射扫描电镜对29份野生茶种质资源的子房微形态性状进行观察分析。结果福建云霄县和诏安县的野生茶种质资源分为秃房资源和茸房资源2种类型，其中子房茸毛少、极少和秃房种质占72.4%，茸房种质子房茸毛密度存在差异且茸毛主要分布在子房上部；子房外壁纹饰分为凹陷型、平展型和凸起型3种类型，云霄种质子房外壁纹饰多为凹陷型，诏安种质子房外壁纹饰多为平展型。结论福建首次发现野生秃房茶树群体种质资源，该群体的茶树子房微形态特征具有明显的多样性，且云霄、诏安野生茶种质资源子房外壁纹饰地域差异明显。
- 福建 /
- 野生茶树 /
- 种质资源 /
- 秃房 /
- 子房茸毛 /
- 微形态
Abstract: Objective Micro-morphology of ovaries from the wild tea germplasms in Yunxiao and Zhao'an was examined to facilitate the identification and resource collection of tea germplasms in Fujian. Method The morphological characteristics of the ovaries from 29 wild tea germplasms were studied under a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Result The germplasms collected in Yunxiao and Zhao'an were classified by the morphology of their ovaries into the glabrous and trichome types. Those had a few, scarce or none trichomes on the ovary accounted for 72.4% of all. The trichomes were found mainly on the top of an ovary that determined the overall density and classification of a germplasm. The exine ornamentation on an ovary could be concave, flat or convex in appearance. Those on the ovaries of Yunxiao germplasms were mostly concave, while those of Zhao'an largely flat. Conclusion This study made the first report on the abovementioned observations. The micro-morphology of the ovary-glabrous germplasms displayed distinct difference on the exine ornamentation between the cultivars collected from Yunxiao and Zhao'an.
- Fujian /
- wild tea plant /
- germplasm resource /
- ovary-glabrous /
- ovary trichome /
- micro-morphology

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图 1 秃房种质子房微形态（电镜扫描）

注：16-29分别为供试茶树的种质编号，A：云霄，B：诏安，标尺=1 000 μm。

Figure 1. SEMs of ovaries on ovary-glabrous germplasms

Note: 16-29: sample codes for tea germplasms; A: Yunxiao; B: Zhao'an; scale bar = 1 000 μm.

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图 2 体视显微镜下秃房资源

Figure 2. Stereomicroscope photo of ovary-glabrous germplasms

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图 3 体视显微镜下茸房种质

Figure 3. Stereomicroscope photo of ovary-trichome germplasms

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图 4 茸房种质子房微形态电镜扫描

注：1-15分别为供试茶树的种质编号，A：云霄，B：诏安，标尺=1 000 μm。

Figure 4. SEMs of ovaries on ovary-trichome germplasms

Note: 1-15: sample codes for tea germplasms; A: Yunxiao; B: Zhao'an; scale bar=1 000 μm.

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图 5 子房外壁纹饰类型

注：A：凹陷型，B：平展型，C：凸起型。

Figure 5. Exine ornamentation type of ovaries

Note: A: concave, B: flat, C: convex.

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图 6 茸房种质子房外壁纹饰微形态（电镜扫描）

注：1-15分别为供试茶树的种质编号，A：云霄，B：诏安，标尺=50 μm。

Figure 6. SEMs of exine ornamentations of ovary-trichome germplasms

Note:1-15 are codes for tea germplasms; A: Yunxiao; B: Zhao'an; scale bar=50 μm.

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图 7 秃房种质子房外壁纹饰微形态（电镜扫描）

注：16-29分别为供试茶树的种质编号，A：云霄，B：诏安，标尺=50 μm。

Figure 7. SEMs of exine ornamentations of ovary-glabrous germplasms

Note:16-29: sample codes for tea germplasms; A: Yunxiao; B: Zhao'an; scale bar=50 μm.

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表 1 云霄、诏安野生茶树秃房种质的子房微形态性状

Table 1. Ovarian micro-morphological traits of ovary-glabrous germplasms from Yunxiao and Zhao'an

序号 No.	种质资源 Germplasm	树型 Tree shape	外壁纹饰 Exine ornamentation	照片编号 Photo number
1	云霄小帽山02 Yunxiaoxiaomaoshan02	小乔木 Small arbor	凹陷 Concave	16A
2	云霄小帽山05 Yunxiaoxiaomaoshan05	小乔木 Small arbor	凹陷 Concave	17A
3	云霄小帽山07 Yunxiaoxiaomaoshan07	小乔木 Small arbor	凹陷 Concave	18A
4	云霄大帽山01 Yunxiaodamaoshan01	小乔木 Small arbor	凹陷 Concave	19A
5	云霄乌山02 Yunxiaowushan02	小乔木 Small arbor	凹陷 Concave	20A
6	云霄小帽山10 Yunxiaoxiaomaoshan10	小乔木 Small arbor	平展 Flat	21A
7	云霄小帽山13 Yunxiaoxiaomaoshan13	小乔木 Small arbor	凹陷 Concave	22A
8	诏安龙伞01 Zhao'anlongsan01	小乔木 Small arbor	平展 Flat	23B
9	诏安龙伞02 Zhao'anlongsan02	小乔木 Small arbor	平展 Flat	24B
10	诏安龙伞03 Zhao'anlongsan03	小乔木 Small arbor	平展 Flat	25B
11	诏安龙伞06 Zhao'anlongsan06	小乔木 Small arbor	凸起 Convex	26B
12	诏安龙伞岽01 Zhao'anlongsandong01	小乔木 Small arbor	平展 Flat	27B
13	诏安龙伞岽02 Zhao'anlongsandong02	小乔木 Small arbor	平展 Flat	28B
14	诏安大茶树 Zhao'andachashu	小乔木 Small arbor	平展 Flat	29B

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表 2 云霄、诏安野生茶树茸房种质的子房微形态性状

Table 2. Ovarian micro-morphological traits of ovary-trichome germplasms from Yunxiao and Zhao'an

序号 No.	种质资源 Germplasm	树型 Tree shape	外壁纹饰 Exine ornamentation	茸毛分布 Trichome distribution	茸毛多少 How much trichome	茸毛长度/μm Trichome length/μm	照片编号 Photo number
1	云霄小帽山01 Yunxiaoxiaomaoshan01	小乔木 Small arbor	凹陷 Concave	满披茸毛 Covered with trichomes	多 Numerous	688.72±107.85 a	1A
2	云霄小帽山03 Yunxiaoxiaomaoshan03	小乔木 Small arbor	凹陷 Concave	多数位于顶部 Mostly on top	极少 Few	542.11±247.74 a	2A
3	云霄小帽山04 Yunxiaoxiaomaoshan04	小乔木 Small arbor	凹陷 Concave	集中于顶部和上部 Focused on the top and the upper portion	中 Medium	281.58±47.47 a	3A
4	云霄小帽山06 Yunxiaoxiaomaoshan06	小乔木 Small arbor	凹陷 Concave	集中于顶部和上部 Focused on the top and the upper portion	中 Medium	461.42±82.84 a	4A
5	云霄乌山01 Yunxiaowushan01	小乔木 Small arbor	平展 Flat	多数位于顶部 Mostly on top	极少 Few	151.31±26.25 a	5A
6	云霄大帽山02 Yunxiaodamaoshan02	小乔木 Small arbor	平展 Flat	集中于顶部和上部 Focused on the top and the upper portion	中 Medium	395.85±61.82 a	6A
7	云霄小帽山08 Yunxiaoxiaomaoshan08	小乔木 Small arbor	凹陷 Concave	多数位于顶部 Mostly on top	极少 Few	183.10±54.22 b	7A
8	云霄小帽山09 Yunxiaoxiaomaoshan09	小乔木 Small arbor	凹陷 Concave	集中于顶部和上部 Focused on the top and the upper portion	中 Medium	714.27±87.21 a	8A
9	云霄小帽山11 Yunxiaoxiaomaoshan11	小乔木 Small arbor	凹陷 Concave	集中于顶部和上部 Focused on the top and the upper portion	中 Medium	437.21±105.10 a	9A
10	云霄小帽山12 Yunxiaoxiaomaoshan12	小乔木 Small arbor	凹陷 Concave	满披茸毛 Covered with trichomes	多 Numerous	506.08±104.22 a	10A
11	诏安龙伞04 Zhao'anlongsan04	小乔木 Small arbor	平展 Flat	多数位于顶部 Mostly on top	极少 Few	301.27±109.75 a	11B
12	诏安龙伞05 Zhao'anlongsan05	小乔木 Small arbor	平展 Flat	集中于顶部和上部 Focused on the top and the upper portion	中 Medium	275.27±61.24 a	12B
13	诏安龙伞07 Zhao'anlongsan07	小乔木 Small arbor	平展 Flat	多数位于顶部 Mostly on top	少 Rare	272.21±63.85 a	13B
14	诏安龙伞08 Zhao'anlongsan08	小乔木 Small arbor	凸起 Convex	多数位于顶部 Mostly on top	少 Rare	322.36±43.13 a	14B
15	诏安龙伞09 Zhao'anlongsan09	小乔木 Small arbor	凸起 Convex	多数位于顶部 Mostly on top	少 Rare	270.42±50.37 a	15B
注：同列数据后不同小写字母表示在0.05水平下差异显著。 Note: Data with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant difference at 5% level.

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