Growth and Meat Productivity of Ji'an Red-feather Duck/Taiwan White Kaiya Meat Duck Hybrid
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摘要:
目的 为了更好地利用吉安红毛鸭优良特性，对吉安红毛鸭进行杂交选育，为吉安红毛鸭生产性能提高及产业化生产提供基础。 方法 将吉安红毛鸭（♀）与白改鸭（♂）进行级进杂交后进一步横交固定，测定杂交后代红毛和白羽群体的生长性能、屠宰性能等指标。 结果 F1代群体羽色分离为红毛和白羽（2 ∶ 1）两个羽色，F2代群体羽色分离为杂色、红毛和白羽（1 ∶ 1.2 ∶ 1）3个羽色，将F2代群体中的红毛和白羽群体各自进行横交固定，其后代（横交群体）均未出现羽色分离。F2代和横交群体中红毛鸭的早期生长阶段（21日龄）体重极显著高于F1代红毛鸭（P＜0.01）。另外，杂交后代的屠宰性能也得到一定提升，F2代红毛鸭的屠体率、胸肌率、瘦肉率以及红毛母鸭的活体重、屠体重、全净膛率均显著或极显著高于F1代红毛鸭（P＜0.05或P＜0.01），横交群体中红毛鸭的屠体率、全净膛率、母鸭的半净膛率以及公鸭的腹脂率也均显著或极显著高于F1代红毛鸭（P＜0.05或P＜0.01），且横交群体中所有红毛鸭的半净膛率及红毛公鸭的屠宰率、全净膛率和腹脂率显著或极显著高于F2代红毛鸭（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。F2代白羽鸭的胸肌率、瘦肉率及母鸭的活体重、屠体重均显著或极显著高于F1代白羽鸭（P＜0.05或P＜0.01），横交群体白羽鸭的屠体率、全净膛率和胸肌率也均显著或极显著高于F1代白羽鸭（P＜0.05或P＜0.01），且横交群白羽鸭屠体率、全净膛率和母鸭的半净膛率均极显著高于F2代白羽鸭（P＜0.01）。 结论 通过与白改鸭杂交，吉安红毛鸭早期生长速度和屠宰性能得到显著改善。 Abstract:Objective Growth and meat productivity of a hybrid duck crossed between Ji'an red-feather duck and Taiwan white Kaiya duck were studied for future breeding. Method Ji'an red-feather duck (♀) and white Kaiya duck (♂) were crossed by means of progressive hybridization followed by horizontal fixation on the new breed. The growth and meat production of the hybrid progenies were monitored. Result The F1 hybrid ducks were separated by plumage color into red- and white-feather groups to arrive at a 2:1 ratio on their counts, while the F2 ducks into mixed-color, red- and white-feather groups at a ratio of 1:1.2:1. The F2 red-feather ducks and white-feather ducks were cross-bred among themselves to be horizontally fixed eliminating the plumage color differentiation in their respective offspring (F2×F2 generation). At the early growth stage, i.e., 21-d-old, the body weight of the red-feather ducks was extremely significantly higher than that of F1 generation (P＜0.01) with an improved slaughter yield. The percentages of carcass, breast muscle, and lean meat of all F2 red-feather ducks, as well as the live weight, carcass weight, eviscerating percentage of the female F2 red-feather ducks, were either significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of F1 generation (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). The carcass and eviscerated percentages of the red-feather ducks, the half-eviscerated percentage of the female red-feather ducks, and the abdominal fat rate of the male red-feather ducks in the F2×F2 generation were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of F1 generation (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). The half-eviscerated percentage of all red-feather ducks and the percentages of carcass, eviscerated carcass, and abdominal fat of the male F2×F2 red-feather ducks were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of F2 generation (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). The breast muscle percentage and lean meat rate of all white-feather ducks and the body and carcass weights of the female F2 white-feather ducks were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of F1 counterparts (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). The carcass, eviscerated carcass, and breast muscle percentages of the F2×F2 white-feather ducks were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of F1 generation (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). The carcass and eviscerated percentages of all white-feather ducks and the half-eviscerated percentage of the female F2×F2 white-feather ducks were extremely significantly higher than those of F2 generation (P＜0.01). Conclusion The growth rate at early stage as well as the slaughter performance of Ji'an red-feather ducks was significantly improved by introducing the genes of the white Kaiya duck. -
Key words:
- Ji'an red-feather duck /
- white Kaiya duck /
- growth performance /
- slaughter performance
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表 1 F1代不同日龄体重测定
Table 1. Body weights of F1 ducks at different ages
日龄
Days/d红毛 Red plumage 白羽 White plumage 体重
Weight/g日增重
Daily weight gain/g相对生长率
The relative growth rate/%体重
Weight/g日增重
Daily weight gain/g相对生长率
The relative growth rate/%0 50.31±3.86 – – 52.13±4.15 – – 14 178.00±30.90 9.12 126.90 333.06±63.25 20.07 269.45 21 449.77±95.62 38.82 152.68 687.12±153.24 50.58 106.31 50 1420.95±239.98 33.49 52.12 1947.50±315.35 43.46 44.28 90 1884.84±142.05 11.60 5.71 2215.95±257.22 6.71 2.41 
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表 2 F2代不同日龄体重测定
Table 2. Body weights of F2 ducks at different ages
日龄
Days/d红毛 Red plumage 白羽 White plumage 体重
Weight/g日增重
Daily weight gain/g相对生长率
The relative growth rate/%体重
Weight/g日增重
Daily weight gain/g相对生长率
The relative growth rate/%0 49.03±4.34 – – 53.01±2.54 – – 15 310.83 ±46.86 17.45 249.18 321.62±48.45 17.90 236.37 21 597.09±113.30 47.71 107.44 632.45±101.73 51.81 112.75 29 1000.00±120.43 50.36 59.05 1110.00±160.41 59.69 66.07 43 1246.17±180.57 17.58 12.31 1590.00±220.54 34.29 21.62 52 1581.13±220.45 37.22 20.91 1985.25±260.10 43.92 19.33 63 1830.79±230.12 22.70 10.05 2314.54±290.25 29.94 9.05 70 1964.10±250.20 19.04 7.28 2434.04±410.42 17.07 5.16 90 2059.22±298.60 5.66 2.02 2508.59±331.81 3.73 1.07
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表 3 横交后代不同日龄体重测定
Table 3. Body weights of fixed hybrid ducks at different ages
日龄
Days/d红毛 Red plumage 白羽 White plumage 体重
Weight/g日增重
Daily weight gain/g相对生长率
The relative growth rate/%体重
Weight/g日增重
Daily weight gain/g相对生长率
The relative growth rate/%0 45.00±6.37 – – 47.14±5.89 – – 10 207.17±24.25 16.20 252.00 288.79±32.82 24.17 358.91 21 592.26±72.41 35.01 118.29 622.43±110.13 30.33 73.52 30 871.82±138.15 31.06 36.71 972.95±164.73 38.95 43.80 40 1292.15±187.80 42.03 33.75 1514.73±210.70 54.18 38.98 50 1586.07±246.06 29.39 15.92 1947.20±279.78 43.25 19.99 60 1776.82±276.11 19.08 8.42 2093.73±292.52 14.65 5.27 70 1868.57±183.80 9.18 3.61 2131.11±340.21 3.74 1.25 90 1901.40±215.84 1.64 0.61 2253.04±280.49 6.10 2.00
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表 4 杂交后代不同日龄体重比较
Table 4. Body weights of hybrid progenies at different ages
日龄
Days/d红毛 Red plumage 白羽 White plumage F1代
F1 generationF2代
F2 generation横交群
F2×F2 generationF1代
F1 generationF2代
F2 generation横交群
F2×F2 generation0 50.31±3.86 Aa 49.03±4.34 Aa 45.00±6.37 Bb 52.13±4.15 Aa 53.01±2.54 Aa 47.14±5.89 Bb 21 449.77±95.62 Bb 597.09±113.30 Aa 592.26±72.00 Aa 687.12±153.24 Aa 632.45±101.73 Bb 622.43±110.00 Bb 90 1884.84±142.05 Bb 2059.22±398.60 Aa 1901.40±215.84 Bb 2215.95±275.22 Bb 2479.59±331.81 Aa 2153.04±280.49 Cc 注：同行数据后不同大、小写字母表示相同羽色不同世代间差异显著（P＜0.01）或极显著（P＜0.05）。
Note: Data with different uppercase or lowercase letters on same duck line indicate extremely significant difference at P＜0.01 or significant differences at P＜0.05，The same as Table 5, 6.
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表 5 杂交后代90日龄红毛鸭屠宰性能分析
Table 5. Slaughter performance of 90-d-old red-feather ducks
屠宰性能
Slaughter performanceF1代 F1 generation F2代 F2 generation 横交群 F2×F2 generation 公 Male ducks 母 Female ducks 公 Male ducks 母 Female ducks 公 Male ducks 母 Female ducks 活体重 Live body weight /kg 1.99±0.09 a 1.84±0.14 Bb 2.04±0.35 a 2.08±0.23 Aa 1.99±0.23 a 1.79±0.14 Bb 屠体重 Slaughter body weight /kg 1.71±0.09 a 1.59±0.13 Bb 1.82±0.32 a 1.87±0.20 Aa 1.80±0.22 a 1.63±0.13 Bb 屠体率 Dressing percentage/% 86.04±2.07 Bc 86.55±1.93 Bb 89.17±2.22 Ab 90.24±2.46 Aa 90.36±1.20 Aa 91.16±1.29 Aa 半净膛率 Half-eviscerating percentage/% 80.27±2.67 ABab 80.34±1.83 Bb 79.63±2.65 Bb 79.83±2.23 Bb 81.86±2.20 Aa 81.74±2.76 Aa 全净膛率 Eviscerating percentage /% 72.08±2.43 Bb 71.80±1.77 Bb 73.02±1.75 Bb 72.92±3.09 ABa 74.77±1.66 Aa 73.84±2.64 Aa 胸肌率 Breast meat percentage /% 12.99±1.86 Ab 13.03±1.46 ABb 14.04±1.18 Aa 14.07±1.52 Aa 13.70±0.99 ABab 12.84±1.32 Bb 腿肌率 Leg meat percentage/% 10.71±0.98 ABa 10.71±1.09ABab 11.40±0.95 Aa 11.33±1.42 Aa 9.87±0.87 Bb 10.39±0.96 Bb 腹脂率 Abdominal fat percentage /% 1.54±0.84 ABb 1.89±0.86 a 1.35 ±0.95 Bb 1.82±0.72 a 2.41±1.13 Aa 2.22±1.01 a 瘦肉率 Lean meat percentage /% 23.71±1.26 Ab 23.42±2.02 Bb 25.33±1.56 Aa 25.41±2.07 Aa 23.57±1.29 Ab 23.34±1.87 Bb 注：同行数据后不同大、小写字母表示同性别不同世代间差异显著（P＜0.05）或极显著（P＜0.01）。表6同。
Note: On same duck line, different uppercase or lowercase letters indicate extremely significant difference at P＜0.01 or significant differences at P＜0.05. The same as Table 6.
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表 6 不同世代90日龄白羽鸭屠宰性能比较
Table 6. Slaughter performance of 90-d-old white-feather ducks
屠宰性能
Slaughter performanceF1代 F1 generation F2代 F2 generation 横交群 F2×F2 generation 公 Male ducks 母 Female ducks 公 Male ducks 母 Female ducks 公 Male ducks 母 Female ducks 活体重 Live body weight /kg 2.33±0.25 ABa 2.13±0.23 Bb 2.53±0.39 Aa 2.41±0.22 Aa 2.14±0.30 Bb 2.16±0.27 Bb 屠体重 Slaughter body weight /kg 2.05±0.22 ABab 1.86±0.21 Bb 2.22±0.37 Aa 2.09±0.22 Aa 1.94±0.27 Bb 1.97±0.26 ABab 屠体率 Dressing percentage/% 87.77±1.25 Bb 87.61±1.20 Bb 87.60±2.05 Bb 86.55±2.69 Bb 90.51±2.32 Aa 91.01±1.60 Aa 半净膛率 Half-eviscerating percentage /% 81.20±1.22 Aa 80.97±1.21 Aa 79.20±2.63 Bb 77.92±3.75 Bb 80.55±2.47 ABab 81.03±2.56 Aa 全净膛率 Eviscerating percentage/% 72.82±1.54 ABb 71.98±1.53 ABb 72.24±2.21 Bb 70.69±3.50 Bb 74.16±2.16 Aa 73.67±2.58 Aa 胸肌率 Breast meat percentage/% 13.00±1.80 Bb 12.37±2.10 Ab 14.13±1.42 ABa 14.41±0.91 Aa 14.79±1.33 Aa 13.61±1.42 Aa 腿肌率 Leg meat percentage/% 9.83±1.63 a 9.87±1.10 ABab 10.39±1.19 a 10.49±0.98 Aa 10.25±1.60 a 9.21±2.04 Ab 腹脂率 Abdominal fat percentage/% 2.65±0.81 Aa 2.54 ±0.86 Aa 2.30±1.09 Ab 2.17±0.84 Ab 1.80±1.52 Ac 2.31±1.40 Ab 瘦肉率 Lean meat percentage /% 22.83±3.14 Ab 22.24±1.97 Bb 24.51±1.82 Aa 24.89±1.62 Aa 25.04±2.46 Aa 22.65±2.56 Bb
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