1997 Vol. 12, No. 3
Display Method:
1997, 12(3): 1-6.
Abstract:
The NPK accumulation and transfer in high yielding colony of hybrid rice growing in Longhai city of Fujian, South eastern China, was determined from 1991 to 1993 The results were showed as follow: 1 In high yielding colony of hybrid rice, the NPK accumulated in plant appeared as Logistic curve with the highest accumulating ratio during the period from primary branch initiation stage to spikelet initiation stage About 45%-67% of total NPK accumulated in plant was absorbed during panicle initiation to heading, 30%-43% absorbed before panicle initiation and 2%-19% absorbed after heading; 2 About 50% of NPK in leaf sheath and NP in stem was transferred to spikelets after heading which accounted for over 2/3 of NPK accumulated in spikelets (N accounted for 67%-76%, P 95%-96% and K 100%); 3 At yellow stage, about 60%-68% of N, 66%-80% of P and 17%-18% of K were accumulated in spikelets, and about half of K accumulated in stem.
The NPK accumulation and transfer in high yielding colony of hybrid rice growing in Longhai city of Fujian, South eastern China, was determined from 1991 to 1993 The results were showed as follow: 1 In high yielding colony of hybrid rice, the NPK accumulated in plant appeared as Logistic curve with the highest accumulating ratio during the period from primary branch initiation stage to spikelet initiation stage About 45%-67% of total NPK accumulated in plant was absorbed during panicle initiation to heading, 30%-43% absorbed before panicle initiation and 2%-19% absorbed after heading; 2 About 50% of NPK in leaf sheath and NP in stem was transferred to spikelets after heading which accounted for over 2/3 of NPK accumulated in spikelets (N accounted for 67%-76%, P 95%-96% and K 100%); 3 At yellow stage, about 60%-68% of N, 66%-80% of P and 17%-18% of K were accumulated in spikelets, and about half of K accumulated in stem.
1997, 12(3): 7-10.
Abstract:
The possibility and affecting factors for screening the wheat somatic cell lines resistant to scab were studied by using explant culture of young spike on the medium containing crude toxin of F.graminearum The result showed that varieties with different resistance were different in callus induction and green plantlet differentiation; young spikes with 1-3 cm length were suitable for in vitro cultivation; the concentration of 10%(V/V) crude toxin was optimum one in the screening medium; six lines resistant to scab were obtained from scab sensitive varieties.
The possibility and affecting factors for screening the wheat somatic cell lines resistant to scab were studied by using explant culture of young spike on the medium containing crude toxin of F.graminearum The result showed that varieties with different resistance were different in callus induction and green plantlet differentiation; young spikes with 1-3 cm length were suitable for in vitro cultivation; the concentration of 10%(V/V) crude toxin was optimum one in the screening medium; six lines resistant to scab were obtained from scab sensitive varieties.
1997, 12(3): 11-15.
Abstract:
In this paper, four species of spider mite were first reported as important pests to harm bamboo leaves in Fujian provice They are Schizotetranychus Nanjingensis Ma et Yuan; Aponychus corpuzas Rimando; Schizotetranychus bambusae Reck; Oligonychus uruma Ehara, which caused falling of leaves and death in large scale of bamboo forest Distribution, life cycle, host range etc,are also described in this paper.
In this paper, four species of spider mite were first reported as important pests to harm bamboo leaves in Fujian provice They are Schizotetranychus Nanjingensis Ma et Yuan; Aponychus corpuzas Rimando; Schizotetranychus bambusae Reck; Oligonychus uruma Ehara, which caused falling of leaves and death in large scale of bamboo forest Distribution, life cycle, host range etc,are also described in this paper.
1997, 12(3): 16-19.
Abstract:
In the paper, the suitable condition for separating and analysing chromosomes DNA of Pyricularia grisea were researched by pulsed field gel electrophoresis The results showed that proteinase E or reagent proteinase made in China can replace proteinase K In a certain electric field installation, the separated effect related to voltage, pulse time, electrophoresis time and temperature of electrophoresis system, among which voltage and pulse time were the main factor It was tested that the effective pulse time 0.5-110 sec was the electrophoresis conditions of the fungus chromosomes DNA.
In the paper, the suitable condition for separating and analysing chromosomes DNA of Pyricularia grisea were researched by pulsed field gel electrophoresis The results showed that proteinase E or reagent proteinase made in China can replace proteinase K In a certain electric field installation, the separated effect related to voltage, pulse time, electrophoresis time and temperature of electrophoresis system, among which voltage and pulse time were the main factor It was tested that the effective pulse time 0.5-110 sec was the electrophoresis conditions of the fungus chromosomes DNA.
1997, 12(3): 20-25.
Abstract:
Throughout 10-year investigation,on the basis of relatively accurate measure, inspection and control,the integrate management measures against the main rice diseases and pests are as follows: ① agricultural prevention and the improvement of ecological environment. ② rational use of pesticide,lowing cost and decreasing pollution. ③ biological control in order to reach the purposes of increasing production and decreasing the dosage of pesticide Overall goal is increasing rice yield,decreasing the frequency and incidence of rice diseases and pests and enhancing the population of beneficial livings.
Throughout 10-year investigation,on the basis of relatively accurate measure, inspection and control,the integrate management measures against the main rice diseases and pests are as follows: ① agricultural prevention and the improvement of ecological environment. ② rational use of pesticide,lowing cost and decreasing pollution. ③ biological control in order to reach the purposes of increasing production and decreasing the dosage of pesticide Overall goal is increasing rice yield,decreasing the frequency and incidence of rice diseases and pests and enhancing the population of beneficial livings.
1997, 12(3): 26-28.
Abstract:
The bacterial strain B was used to control chinese cabbage soft rot in field The results showed that the infection of pathogen on leaves was reduced by 67%, and a 59.8% controlling effect on incidence of disease was obtained It also indicated that bacterial strain B may induce the increase of peroxidase in the plants of chinese cabbage, the averaged OD of peroxidase was increased by 24.6% when comparing with the control The treated chinese cabbage resisted to Erwinia carolovora The preliminary conclusion is that strain B is a promising bacterium for biocontrol purposie.
The bacterial strain B was used to control chinese cabbage soft rot in field The results showed that the infection of pathogen on leaves was reduced by 67%, and a 59.8% controlling effect on incidence of disease was obtained It also indicated that bacterial strain B may induce the increase of peroxidase in the plants of chinese cabbage, the averaged OD of peroxidase was increased by 24.6% when comparing with the control The treated chinese cabbage resisted to Erwinia carolovora The preliminary conclusion is that strain B is a promising bacterium for biocontrol purposie.
1997, 12(3): 29-34.
Abstract:
Tomato is one of the important vegetable crops in Fuzhou region In recent years, it was severely affected by virus diseases and sharply decreased the yield The pathogentic viruses were identified to be Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Potato virus Y (PVY) and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) which included in both tobacco and tomato strains Among the samples from field, 35% was infected by TMV, 34% by CMV and 0.14% by PVY.
Tomato is one of the important vegetable crops in Fuzhou region In recent years, it was severely affected by virus diseases and sharply decreased the yield The pathogentic viruses were identified to be Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Potato virus Y (PVY) and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) which included in both tobacco and tomato strains Among the samples from field, 35% was infected by TMV, 34% by CMV and 0.14% by PVY.
1997, 12(3): 35-38.
Abstract:
The callus of Lycopersicon esculentum were cultured under the condition of MS with the different NaCl concentrations (0-1.50%) The results showed that their growth and bud differentiation were normal, when NaCl concentrations ranged from 0-0.50% When NaCl concentrations ranged from 0.75%-1.00%, the callus would grow, but when more than 1.25% their growth and bud differentiation would be controlled The more NaCl concentrations increased, the more content of Ca2+, Mg2+,K+ decreased and the content of Na+ increased significantly The content of chlorophyll decreased linearly when the concentrations of NaCl increased However, the content of free proline increased.
The callus of Lycopersicon esculentum were cultured under the condition of MS with the different NaCl concentrations (0-1.50%) The results showed that their growth and bud differentiation were normal, when NaCl concentrations ranged from 0-0.50% When NaCl concentrations ranged from 0.75%-1.00%, the callus would grow, but when more than 1.25% their growth and bud differentiation would be controlled The more NaCl concentrations increased, the more content of Ca2+, Mg2+,K+ decreased and the content of Na+ increased significantly The content of chlorophyll decreased linearly when the concentrations of NaCl increased However, the content of free proline increased.
1997, 12(3): 39-43.
Abstract:
Main nutritional and medicinal components of pileus and stem of log cultivated Reishi (G.lucidum) were analysed.The results showed that contents of protein,fat and amino acids of the stem were lower than the pileus,but polysaccaridae and triterpenois acids were 0.98% and 0.12 mg/g respectively.In addition,the ratio of essential amino acids was higher than the pileus.Therefore,the stem can be applied into the extract production.Experiment results showed that extract rates of stem,pileus of grade C and B were 2.03%～2.06%,3.64%～3.76% and 4.65%～4.85% respectively,and there were obvious differences among main components in their extracts or extract powders.The extract rate can be controlled within the ranges from 3.03% to 3.12% and 3.92% to 4.03%,while two suitable material compositions (pileus of grade B with 30% stem and pileus of grade C with 20% stem) were adopted and the product quality was relatively stable.Thereby,the product quality was effectively under the control.Our extract powder samples were analysed and checked in Japan,and were identified up to standard.The content of polysaccaridae was higher than the similar product in Japan.
Main nutritional and medicinal components of pileus and stem of log cultivated Reishi (G.lucidum) were analysed.The results showed that contents of protein,fat and amino acids of the stem were lower than the pileus,but polysaccaridae and triterpenois acids were 0.98% and 0.12 mg/g respectively.In addition,the ratio of essential amino acids was higher than the pileus.Therefore,the stem can be applied into the extract production.Experiment results showed that extract rates of stem,pileus of grade C and B were 2.03%～2.06%,3.64%～3.76% and 4.65%～4.85% respectively,and there were obvious differences among main components in their extracts or extract powders.The extract rate can be controlled within the ranges from 3.03% to 3.12% and 3.92% to 4.03%,while two suitable material compositions (pileus of grade B with 30% stem and pileus of grade C with 20% stem) were adopted and the product quality was relatively stable.Thereby,the product quality was effectively under the control.Our extract powder samples were analysed and checked in Japan,and were identified up to standard.The content of polysaccaridae was higher than the similar product in Japan.
1997, 12(3): 44-50.
Abstract:
The results showed that, the tillering capacity of rice in the Artificial biosphere in paddy field (ABPE) was slightly lower than that in the traditional rice farming system (CK), but the percentage of panicles forming from tillers increased by 13.4%, the percentage of filled grains increased by 5.5%, the grain yield increased by 5.7%,the N, P, K, Mg content in grains and straws of the ABPF was higher than those of CK Compared with CK the damage of leafhopper, dead heart plants, sheat blight disease and weeds decreased in the ABPF The transplantation method used in the ABPF increased the light transmission ratio in comparison with CK, the fresh azolla biomass uptaken by fish was 31623kg/hm2 in the ABPF during co-existing period of fish with azolla In summer the maximum water temperature in ditch of the ABPF was 3～4℃ lower than air temperature and 0.9～2.6℃ lower than that in field surface The experitmental results proved that the integrated controlling technology of the ABPF promoted the grain yield and quality, and also improved the paddy ecosystem
The results showed that, the tillering capacity of rice in the Artificial biosphere in paddy field (ABPE) was slightly lower than that in the traditional rice farming system (CK), but the percentage of panicles forming from tillers increased by 13.4%, the percentage of filled grains increased by 5.5%, the grain yield increased by 5.7%,the N, P, K, Mg content in grains and straws of the ABPF was higher than those of CK Compared with CK the damage of leafhopper, dead heart plants, sheat blight disease and weeds decreased in the ABPF The transplantation method used in the ABPF increased the light transmission ratio in comparison with CK, the fresh azolla biomass uptaken by fish was 31623kg/hm2 in the ABPF during co-existing period of fish with azolla In summer the maximum water temperature in ditch of the ABPF was 3～4℃ lower than air temperature and 0.9～2.6℃ lower than that in field surface The experitmental results proved that the integrated controlling technology of the ABPF promoted the grain yield and quality, and also improved the paddy ecosystem
1997, 12(3): 51-54.
Abstract:
The article analysed the deterioration cause of present agricultural ecosystem and the potential superiority for sustainable development based on the experience at Shanhou village.Applying ecological and economical tenets to seven year research,we have established a high function and efficient model,i.e.the farming animal husbandry fruit biogas ecosystem,thus achieved coordinative and stable development in ecological and economical efficiency.The per capita income was increased from 278 to 2615 Yuan.
The article analysed the deterioration cause of present agricultural ecosystem and the potential superiority for sustainable development based on the experience at Shanhou village.Applying ecological and economical tenets to seven year research,we have established a high function and efficient model,i.e.the farming animal husbandry fruit biogas ecosystem,thus achieved coordinative and stable development in ecological and economical efficiency.The per capita income was increased from 278 to 2615 Yuan.
1997, 12(3): 55-59.
Abstract:
The agricultural development in China is slow Its intuitional cause has been attributed to the contradictory between small farming system and social demand Essentially, it is the problem of less understanding on agricultural industrialization The following reflection needs to be taken: a) the construction of new agricultural economical system; b) the formation of suitable farmer organization; c) the strategy of using foreign trade to adjust the agro industrial constructure; d) the nurture of mainstay enterprise with share system; e) the acceleration of agricultural research, education and technique popularization; f) the exploration on possibility of large scale development of agricultural land; g) the macroscopic control of government basing on service.
The agricultural development in China is slow Its intuitional cause has been attributed to the contradictory between small farming system and social demand Essentially, it is the problem of less understanding on agricultural industrialization The following reflection needs to be taken: a) the construction of new agricultural economical system; b) the formation of suitable farmer organization; c) the strategy of using foreign trade to adjust the agro industrial constructure; d) the nurture of mainstay enterprise with share system; e) the acceleration of agricultural research, education and technique popularization; f) the exploration on possibility of large scale development of agricultural land; g) the macroscopic control of government basing on service.
1997, 12(3): 60-63.
Abstract:
The degree and quality of Fuzhou urban environmental afforestation were translated from aerophotography data in different periods and it was discovered that environmental afforestation varied remarkably as the rapid development of urban construction in the recent years. The results showed that the number and quality status of urban afforestation in different periods could be monitored by aerophotography data and this method could be used in the dynamic study of environmental afforestation.
The degree and quality of Fuzhou urban environmental afforestation were translated from aerophotography data in different periods and it was discovered that environmental afforestation varied remarkably as the rapid development of urban construction in the recent years. The results showed that the number and quality status of urban afforestation in different periods could be monitored by aerophotography data and this method could be used in the dynamic study of environmental afforestation.
