2013 Vol. 28, No. 9
Display Method:
2013, 28(9): 833-843.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.09.001
Abstract:
The characteristic of average nucleotide identity (ANI) based on the whole genomes from Bacillus species in Bacillus-like genus was analyzed using the soft of Jspecies.The results showed that there have a species specificity based on the ANI distribution and which correlate with the relationship of taxonomic and evolutionary affinities.The ANI values computed from different Bacillus-like genus were below a 65% identity or above a 50% different in orthologous genes identity.The ANI values from different Bacillus species were below 94% with a wide range from 63.77 to 93.81and the most of them ranging from 64.77% to 68.4% with the weighted average of 70.12%.The ANI value between subspecies was mainly ranged from 90% to 96%.Our results suggest that the ANI criterion of the identification for genus, species and subspecies within Bacillus are 50%-65%, 65%-90% and 90%-96%, respectively.Furthermore, Tetra regression index was correlated with the ANI value and displayed the species specificity.Regression fitting analysis showed that the equation of y=271-573.56x+399.65x2 with the correlation coefficient of 0.981 2occurred between the Tetra and the ANI values above a identity of 70 were positive correlated with Tetra regression index with the equation of y=178.58x-81.521and the correlation coefficient of 0.876 7.
The characteristic of average nucleotide identity (ANI) based on the whole genomes from Bacillus species in Bacillus-like genus was analyzed using the soft of Jspecies.The results showed that there have a species specificity based on the ANI distribution and which correlate with the relationship of taxonomic and evolutionary affinities.The ANI values computed from different Bacillus-like genus were below a 65% identity or above a 50% different in orthologous genes identity.The ANI values from different Bacillus species were below 94% with a wide range from 63.77 to 93.81and the most of them ranging from 64.77% to 68.4% with the weighted average of 70.12%.The ANI value between subspecies was mainly ranged from 90% to 96%.Our results suggest that the ANI criterion of the identification for genus, species and subspecies within Bacillus are 50%-65%, 65%-90% and 90%-96%, respectively.Furthermore, Tetra regression index was correlated with the ANI value and displayed the species specificity.Regression fitting analysis showed that the equation of y=271-573.56x+399.65x2 with the correlation coefficient of 0.981 2occurred between the Tetra and the ANI values above a identity of 70 were positive correlated with Tetra regression index with the equation of y=178.58x-81.521and the correlation coefficient of 0.876 7.
2013, 28(9): 844-848.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.09.002
Abstract:
For constructing the DNA vaccine, apair of specific PCR primers were designed according to the nucleotide sequence of Aeromonas hydrophila major outer membrane protein gene published by our lab previously. The PCR products were inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3 to construct a DNA vaccine named pcDNA3-POMP.SD rats were immunized with purified prokaryotic-expressed protein GST-POMP to make antiserum, whose antibody titer, measured by ELISA, was over 1∶100 000.293cells were transfected with pcDNA3-POMP, 48hours after transfection, the cells were collected for total RNA extraction and RT-PCR, and the expression of exogenous momp were detected.Therefore, we have constructed a plasmid of DNA vaccine for Aeromonas hydrophila, vaccination and evaluation of this DNA vaccine will be studied in the future.
For constructing the DNA vaccine, apair of specific PCR primers were designed according to the nucleotide sequence of Aeromonas hydrophila major outer membrane protein gene published by our lab previously. The PCR products were inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3 to construct a DNA vaccine named pcDNA3-POMP.SD rats were immunized with purified prokaryotic-expressed protein GST-POMP to make antiserum, whose antibody titer, measured by ELISA, was over 1∶100 000.293cells were transfected with pcDNA3-POMP, 48hours after transfection, the cells were collected for total RNA extraction and RT-PCR, and the expression of exogenous momp were detected.Therefore, we have constructed a plasmid of DNA vaccine for Aeromonas hydrophila, vaccination and evaluation of this DNA vaccine will be studied in the future.
2013, 28(9): 849-853.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.09.003
Abstract:
Transduction of rice blast resistance gene Pi-9 for rice was studied with Sanming dominant genic male sterile rice as the vector and the rice blast resistance 75-1-127 with Pi-9 gene as the donor.Pi-9 gene was introduced into the rice restore Shuangkangmingzhan by successive backcrosses with supporting molecular markers.The results indicated that the pure lines of HP304 with Pi-9 gene similar to Shuangkangmingzhan had been selected from the fertile plants of BC4F3.The basic genetic background of HP304 had been proved to be the same to that of Shuangkangmingzhan. The main agronomic traits of HP304 had no significant difference with Shuangkangmingzhan.And the resistance identification in field showed that the resistant level of HP304 was significantly higher than that of Shuangkangmingzhan.The above demonstrated that it was available to transfer Pi-9 gene into rice using Sanming dominant geneic male sterile as the vector.
Transduction of rice blast resistance gene Pi-9 for rice was studied with Sanming dominant genic male sterile rice as the vector and the rice blast resistance 75-1-127 with Pi-9 gene as the donor.Pi-9 gene was introduced into the rice restore Shuangkangmingzhan by successive backcrosses with supporting molecular markers.The results indicated that the pure lines of HP304 with Pi-9 gene similar to Shuangkangmingzhan had been selected from the fertile plants of BC4F3.The basic genetic background of HP304 had been proved to be the same to that of Shuangkangmingzhan. The main agronomic traits of HP304 had no significant difference with Shuangkangmingzhan.And the resistance identification in field showed that the resistant level of HP304 was significantly higher than that of Shuangkangmingzhan.The above demonstrated that it was available to transfer Pi-9 gene into rice using Sanming dominant geneic male sterile as the vector.
2013, 28(9): 854-858.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.09.004
Abstract:
Four key enzyme genes (CHS, DFR, F3′5′H, ANS) involved in anthocyanins synthesis were cloned from the flower petals of Phalaenopsis with homology sequence cloning.The length of the sequence was 302bp, 275bp, 285bp and285bp, respectively.Sequence analysis showed that these protein shared high similarity to other proteins from Dendrobium, Cymbidiumet al, ranging from 81%-95%, 67%-91%, 68%-92%and 83%-89%, respectively.The results of phylogenetic analysis were in agreement with those described in plant taxonomy.Resultsof Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis showed that the relative expression level of CHSand F3′5′H gene was the highest in the flower large bud and early flowering stages, and then decreased in blooming.The expression level of CHSand F3′5′H gene in petals and lip was greater than in sepals, the trace expression revealed in Leaves and roots.
Four key enzyme genes (CHS, DFR, F3′5′H, ANS) involved in anthocyanins synthesis were cloned from the flower petals of Phalaenopsis with homology sequence cloning.The length of the sequence was 302bp, 275bp, 285bp and285bp, respectively.Sequence analysis showed that these protein shared high similarity to other proteins from Dendrobium, Cymbidiumet al, ranging from 81%-95%, 67%-91%, 68%-92%and 83%-89%, respectively.The results of phylogenetic analysis were in agreement with those described in plant taxonomy.Resultsof Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis showed that the relative expression level of CHSand F3′5′H gene was the highest in the flower large bud and early flowering stages, and then decreased in blooming.The expression level of CHSand F3′5′H gene in petals and lip was greater than in sepals, the trace expression revealed in Leaves and roots.
2013, 28(9): 859-863.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.09.005
Abstract:
Aeromonas hydrophila MOMP-ISCOMs vaccine was prepared, and the vaccine was given to European eel by oral or injection.The European eel skin and kidney cells were separated and isolated after immunization 14 and 28days respectively, in which the antibody secreting cells (ASC) , were analyzed by ELISPOT technique.The results showed that the two immune ways could affect the number of immune cells in skin and kidneys in different amount of non-specific immune cells increased rapidly in oral immunization group, and specific immune cells increased more obviously in injection group.
Aeromonas hydrophila MOMP-ISCOMs vaccine was prepared, and the vaccine was given to European eel by oral or injection.The European eel skin and kidney cells were separated and isolated after immunization 14 and 28days respectively, in which the antibody secreting cells (ASC) , were analyzed by ELISPOT technique.The results showed that the two immune ways could affect the number of immune cells in skin and kidneys in different amount of non-specific immune cells increased rapidly in oral immunization group, and specific immune cells increased more obviously in injection group.
2013, 28(9): 864-868.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.09.006
Abstract:
To study the epidemiology of co-infection of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) , porcine circovirus-like agent P1 (P1) and Torque Teno virus (TTV) in China, 2012, 108tissue and serum samples of diseased pigs obtained from Jiangsu, Anhui and Zhejiang provinces of China were detected for PCV2, P1and TTV by PCR.The results showed that the positive rate of PCV2, P1 and TTV were 12.96%, 33.33% and 51.85% respectively.8samples were positive for both PCV2and P1, 42samples were positive for PCV2and TTV as well, 4 samples were positive for all of the three, and the corresponding co-infection rate were 7.41%, 38.89% and 3.7%respectively.These results indicated that the PCV2 and TTV infection were widespread, while the prevalence of P1infection was lower.The co-infection of different viruses was complicated and the PCV2-TTV co-infection rate was the highest, which increased the difficulty of prevention and controlling diseases of swine.
To study the epidemiology of co-infection of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) , porcine circovirus-like agent P1 (P1) and Torque Teno virus (TTV) in China, 2012, 108tissue and serum samples of diseased pigs obtained from Jiangsu, Anhui and Zhejiang provinces of China were detected for PCV2, P1and TTV by PCR.The results showed that the positive rate of PCV2, P1 and TTV were 12.96%, 33.33% and 51.85% respectively.8samples were positive for both PCV2and P1, 42samples were positive for PCV2and TTV as well, 4 samples were positive for all of the three, and the corresponding co-infection rate were 7.41%, 38.89% and 3.7%respectively.These results indicated that the PCV2 and TTV infection were widespread, while the prevalence of P1infection was lower.The co-infection of different viruses was complicated and the PCV2-TTV co-infection rate was the highest, which increased the difficulty of prevention and controlling diseases of swine.
2013, 28(9): 869-871.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.09.007
Abstract:
Antigenic relationship of Muscovy duck parvovirus (MPV F strain) , Muscovy duck origin goose parvovirus (MDGPV PT strain) and Goose parvovirus (GPV GD strain) were determined by virus crossneutralization tests (NT) and latex agglutination inhibition test (LPAI) .The results showed that neutralization titer and LPAI titers of homologous antiserum were significantly higher than heterologous serum;R values of MPV compared with MDGPV and GPV were less than 0.1.R value between MDGPV and GPV was greater than 0.25.The results showed that MPV has low antigenic correlation with GPV and MDGPV, which indicated that antigenic variations are obviously existed between MPV and the other two, and showed that GPV and MDGPV belong to different subtypes of the same serotype.
Antigenic relationship of Muscovy duck parvovirus (MPV F strain) , Muscovy duck origin goose parvovirus (MDGPV PT strain) and Goose parvovirus (GPV GD strain) were determined by virus crossneutralization tests (NT) and latex agglutination inhibition test (LPAI) .The results showed that neutralization titer and LPAI titers of homologous antiserum were significantly higher than heterologous serum;R values of MPV compared with MDGPV and GPV were less than 0.1.R value between MDGPV and GPV was greater than 0.25.The results showed that MPV has low antigenic correlation with GPV and MDGPV, which indicated that antigenic variations are obviously existed between MPV and the other two, and showed that GPV and MDGPV belong to different subtypes of the same serotype.
2013, 28(9): 872-875.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.09.008
Abstract:
For the genetic analysis of minor effect restoring gene in rice, the CMS lines of Zhenshan 97A, Longtepu A and Jinfu 1A with different fertile levels were used as materials to investigate three sterility indexes, bagged seed setting rate, dark pollen rate by I2-IK dyed and rate of florets with fertile anthers.The results showed that the appearance of abnormal plants in CMS-WA was due to partial restoration of self-fertility few floras caused by minor effect restoring gene.Adopted the method of genetic improvement could eliminate part of minor effect restoring gene to get purification and elimination, but not completely ruled out.This index of rate of florets with fertile anthers could be use as a suitable tool to study heredity laws of minor effect restoring genes and its further molecular mechanism.
For the genetic analysis of minor effect restoring gene in rice, the CMS lines of Zhenshan 97A, Longtepu A and Jinfu 1A with different fertile levels were used as materials to investigate three sterility indexes, bagged seed setting rate, dark pollen rate by I2-IK dyed and rate of florets with fertile anthers.The results showed that the appearance of abnormal plants in CMS-WA was due to partial restoration of self-fertility few floras caused by minor effect restoring gene.Adopted the method of genetic improvement could eliminate part of minor effect restoring gene to get purification and elimination, but not completely ruled out.This index of rate of florets with fertile anthers could be use as a suitable tool to study heredity laws of minor effect restoring genes and its further molecular mechanism.
2013, 28(9): 876-883.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.09.009
Abstract:
To analysis the genetic diversity of 90 germplasm, ISSR and SRAP markers were studied by polymorphisms, genetic diversity, genetic distance and cluster analysis.Our results showed that the total number of amplified bands, the average number of amplified bands and the average number of polymorphic bands obtained from SRAP marker are more than those marked by ISSR, and the range of genetic distance marked by SRAP was broader.However, there had no difference of the polymorphism ratios of the two markers.Furthermore, there had 52% variations between the populations and nearly 48% variations in populations, suggesting that the two markers are similar in genetic diversity analysis.Cluster analysis marked by ISSR showed that the dioscorea resources are classified into 4groups with a genetic distance of 0.13, and the results marked from SRAP showed that they are classified into 5 groups with a genetic distance of 0.18.In conclusion, our results suggest that SRAP marker is more suitable for the analysis on the genetic diversity of dioscoreae.
To analysis the genetic diversity of 90 germplasm, ISSR and SRAP markers were studied by polymorphisms, genetic diversity, genetic distance and cluster analysis.Our results showed that the total number of amplified bands, the average number of amplified bands and the average number of polymorphic bands obtained from SRAP marker are more than those marked by ISSR, and the range of genetic distance marked by SRAP was broader.However, there had no difference of the polymorphism ratios of the two markers.Furthermore, there had 52% variations between the populations and nearly 48% variations in populations, suggesting that the two markers are similar in genetic diversity analysis.Cluster analysis marked by ISSR showed that the dioscorea resources are classified into 4groups with a genetic distance of 0.13, and the results marked from SRAP showed that they are classified into 5 groups with a genetic distance of 0.18.In conclusion, our results suggest that SRAP marker is more suitable for the analysis on the genetic diversity of dioscoreae.
2013, 28(9): 884-887.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.09.010
Abstract:
A simple and rapid applicable protocol for extracting high-quality proteins from rice tissues is described.In the protocol, precooling methanol and acetone is used to precipitate proteins and remove contaminants and secondary metabolites.Adding protease inhibitors in methanol for washing is include all proteins to maximize and reduce degradation of proteases.By using this protocol the total protein yield of different tissues were range from 20 to 99mg·g-1FW and the entire process taken 1.6h.To evaluate the quality of the extracted protein, SDS/PAGE gel and Western Blot were employed.4 antibodys represented different protein type include the nucleoprotein antibody, plasmosin antibody, membrane protein antibody and granule-bound starch protein antibody as first antibody for Western Blot.The results show the extraction of high-quality protein samples suitable for Western analysis, and the overall quality of the protein profiles was good.The simplified protocol described here presents considerable savings of time and reagents.
A simple and rapid applicable protocol for extracting high-quality proteins from rice tissues is described.In the protocol, precooling methanol and acetone is used to precipitate proteins and remove contaminants and secondary metabolites.Adding protease inhibitors in methanol for washing is include all proteins to maximize and reduce degradation of proteases.By using this protocol the total protein yield of different tissues were range from 20 to 99mg·g-1FW and the entire process taken 1.6h.To evaluate the quality of the extracted protein, SDS/PAGE gel and Western Blot were employed.4 antibodys represented different protein type include the nucleoprotein antibody, plasmosin antibody, membrane protein antibody and granule-bound starch protein antibody as first antibody for Western Blot.The results show the extraction of high-quality protein samples suitable for Western analysis, and the overall quality of the protein profiles was good.The simplified protocol described here presents considerable savings of time and reagents.
2013, 28(9): 888-891.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.09.011
Abstract:
This study aimed to determine the optimal time to harvest Mesona chinesis Benth.Polysaccharide and flavonoids contents of the herb were measured using a spectrophotometer.The changes on the contents and yield of M.chinesis Benth showed the best time for the harvest seemed to be during the last 10days in August, when the polysaccharide content was 1.96%, flavonoids, 13.83% and the yield, 240 gram per plant.
This study aimed to determine the optimal time to harvest Mesona chinesis Benth.Polysaccharide and flavonoids contents of the herb were measured using a spectrophotometer.The changes on the contents and yield of M.chinesis Benth showed the best time for the harvest seemed to be during the last 10days in August, when the polysaccharide content was 1.96%, flavonoids, 13.83% and the yield, 240 gram per plant.
2013, 28(9): 892-896.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.09.012
Abstract:
In order to study discordant development between pericarp color and flesh sweetness of Sanyuehong litich fruits, dynamic comparison was conducted between Sanyuehong and Baitangying litich.The results in avalue showed that the date of pericarp color turned into complete red was 13 days for Sanyuehong litich but it was 7 days for Baitangying litich in rapidly coloring.However, the results in h values revealed that the pericarp of Sanyuehong litich was quick coloring within 10 days before full red but it of Baitangying litich was 11 days before the pericarp full colored.The date of sugar/acids ratio in flesh reached to peak was 24 days earlier in Sanyuehong litich than in Baitangying litich.During the pericarp coloring, the anthocyanin content in the pericarp was increase in two cultivars but the contents of their chlorophyll tended to decrease.Linear correlations of anthocyanin content with a value and h value in the pericarp were positive and negative, respectively, and showed same in two cultivars.The results also showed that, on Sanyuehong litich, the development of pericarp coloring lagged 6 days behind the development of flesh sweetness because the anthocyanin content in pericarp was low.On Baitangying litich, the developments of pericarp coloring and flesh sweetness showed in same rates.Therefore, when the Sanyuehong litich pericarp was turned into complete red, the increase of acid content in flesh resulted in its sour flavor.
In order to study discordant development between pericarp color and flesh sweetness of Sanyuehong litich fruits, dynamic comparison was conducted between Sanyuehong and Baitangying litich.The results in avalue showed that the date of pericarp color turned into complete red was 13 days for Sanyuehong litich but it was 7 days for Baitangying litich in rapidly coloring.However, the results in h values revealed that the pericarp of Sanyuehong litich was quick coloring within 10 days before full red but it of Baitangying litich was 11 days before the pericarp full colored.The date of sugar/acids ratio in flesh reached to peak was 24 days earlier in Sanyuehong litich than in Baitangying litich.During the pericarp coloring, the anthocyanin content in the pericarp was increase in two cultivars but the contents of their chlorophyll tended to decrease.Linear correlations of anthocyanin content with a value and h value in the pericarp were positive and negative, respectively, and showed same in two cultivars.The results also showed that, on Sanyuehong litich, the development of pericarp coloring lagged 6 days behind the development of flesh sweetness because the anthocyanin content in pericarp was low.On Baitangying litich, the developments of pericarp coloring and flesh sweetness showed in same rates.Therefore, when the Sanyuehong litich pericarp was turned into complete red, the increase of acid content in flesh resulted in its sour flavor.
2013, 28(9): 897-901.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.09.013
Abstract:
Peduncle axillary buds of the Little Cherry, Oncidium, were induced as explants.The orthogonal design was used to evaluate the effects of the culture medium containing inorganic substances, 6-BA, NAA and LH on the propagation of Oncidiumbuds.The result showed that 6-BA, the base medium, NAA and LH affected significantly on the bud multiplication.The optimal medium was the Improved Formulation No.1, which consisted of the base medium, 6-BA 3.0mg·L-1, NAA 0.1mg·L-1 and LH0.5g·L-1, and the average propagation coefficient was 6.53 in 45days.The breeding efficiency was effectively improved.The result appeared to provide a basis for the commercialization of the seedling propagation.
Peduncle axillary buds of the Little Cherry, Oncidium, were induced as explants.The orthogonal design was used to evaluate the effects of the culture medium containing inorganic substances, 6-BA, NAA and LH on the propagation of Oncidiumbuds.The result showed that 6-BA, the base medium, NAA and LH affected significantly on the bud multiplication.The optimal medium was the Improved Formulation No.1, which consisted of the base medium, 6-BA 3.0mg·L-1, NAA 0.1mg·L-1 and LH0.5g·L-1, and the average propagation coefficient was 6.53 in 45days.The breeding efficiency was effectively improved.The result appeared to provide a basis for the commercialization of the seedling propagation.
2013, 28(9): 902-905.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.09.014
Abstract:
Fruiting bodies of Russula griseocarnosa were collected in Fujian to study the mushroom′s phylogenetic diversity.Two gene regions of ITS (internal transcribed spacer) and RPB2 (the second largest subunit of the nuclear RNA polymerase enzyme II) were cloned.The phylogenetic diversity was examined according to the maximum parsimony trees with sequences of several other Russula species.It showed that, based on the ITS sequences, R.griseocarnosafound in the province clustered with R.griseocarnosa X.H.Wang, Zhu L.Yang & Knudsen, sp.nov.found in Yunnan, with a bootstrap value of 99%.The differences among R.griseocarnosa, R.vinosa and R.rosea were apparent, with a bootstrap value below 50%.The maximum parsimony tree based on the RPB2 sequences also showed that R.griseocarnosa clustered with R.griseocarnosa X.H.Wang, Zhu L.Yang & Knudsen, with a bootstrap value of 94%.The distinction was also apparent, with a bootstrap value less than 50%.
Fruiting bodies of Russula griseocarnosa were collected in Fujian to study the mushroom′s phylogenetic diversity.Two gene regions of ITS (internal transcribed spacer) and RPB2 (the second largest subunit of the nuclear RNA polymerase enzyme II) were cloned.The phylogenetic diversity was examined according to the maximum parsimony trees with sequences of several other Russula species.It showed that, based on the ITS sequences, R.griseocarnosafound in the province clustered with R.griseocarnosa X.H.Wang, Zhu L.Yang & Knudsen, sp.nov.found in Yunnan, with a bootstrap value of 99%.The differences among R.griseocarnosa, R.vinosa and R.rosea were apparent, with a bootstrap value below 50%.The maximum parsimony tree based on the RPB2 sequences also showed that R.griseocarnosa clustered with R.griseocarnosa X.H.Wang, Zhu L.Yang & Knudsen, with a bootstrap value of 94%.The distinction was also apparent, with a bootstrap value less than 50%.
2013, 28(9): 906-909.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.09.015
Abstract:
To analyze the function of Camellia oleifera Abel extracts in liquid medium on mycelium growth, metabolism of carbon, nitrogen and phenols in Agrocybe chaxingu Huang, dynamic changes in culture media was studied.Compared with the control (wheat bran-Potatoes medium without Camellia oleifera Abel extracts) , there have no difference on the dynamic changes of biomass and nutrition of culture.Furthermore, the total phenol content in culture medium was increased by adding 8%Camellia oleifera Abel extracts in liquid medium, but it did not affect mycelium and metabolism of carbon, nitrogen and phenols of Agrocybe mycelium in liquid culture medium.
To analyze the function of Camellia oleifera Abel extracts in liquid medium on mycelium growth, metabolism of carbon, nitrogen and phenols in Agrocybe chaxingu Huang, dynamic changes in culture media was studied.Compared with the control (wheat bran-Potatoes medium without Camellia oleifera Abel extracts) , there have no difference on the dynamic changes of biomass and nutrition of culture.Furthermore, the total phenol content in culture medium was increased by adding 8%Camellia oleifera Abel extracts in liquid medium, but it did not affect mycelium and metabolism of carbon, nitrogen and phenols of Agrocybe mycelium in liquid culture medium.
2013, 28(9): 910-913.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.09.016
Abstract:
Aspergillus flavus is a ubiquitous fungal pathogen in the worldwide.Early and accurate detection of A.flavus is essential to reduce the damage of Aflatoxins produced by A.flavus.Based on the difference of rDNA ITS sequences among A.flavus and other Aspergillus spp., apair of specific primers, S1/X2, was designed in this study.The primer amplified a single 334bp product from all isolates of A.flavus and that were not from other four Aspergillus species and 17 other fungi and bacteria isolates tested.The detection sensitivity was 280fg of genomic DNA.The PCR-based detection method developed here could also be used to detect A.flavus from naturally infected peanut or corn tissues.
Aspergillus flavus is a ubiquitous fungal pathogen in the worldwide.Early and accurate detection of A.flavus is essential to reduce the damage of Aflatoxins produced by A.flavus.Based on the difference of rDNA ITS sequences among A.flavus and other Aspergillus spp., apair of specific primers, S1/X2, was designed in this study.The primer amplified a single 334bp product from all isolates of A.flavus and that were not from other four Aspergillus species and 17 other fungi and bacteria isolates tested.The detection sensitivity was 280fg of genomic DNA.The PCR-based detection method developed here could also be used to detect A.flavus from naturally infected peanut or corn tissues.
2013, 28(9): 914-918.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.09.017
Abstract:
The antimicrobial actives of Plocamium telfairiae Harv were fractioned from its crude extract with different solvents and were tested to against Pseudomnas aeruginosa and Trichoderma viede.The result indicated that the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited antibacterial activities and their antibacterial degrees were stronger than it of fractions obtained with other solvents.The inhibition zone were 14.3mm and 8mm diameter at the fraction concentration 100 mg·mL-1, respectively.The chloroform and petroleum ether fractions showed antifungal activities to against the mycelium growth of Trichoderma viede and the inhibition rate was 54.57% and 36.55%after 72hincubation, respectively.The antifungal activity of two fractions was stronger than it of fractions obtained with other solvents.The ethyl acetate fraction of Plocamium telfairiae Harv extract was again fractioned twice through silicone gel column to obtain compounds D.This compounds were identified and showed the antimicrobial properties to against Pseudomnas aeruginosa (13mm diameter with 100mg·mL-1) and to inhibit Trichoderma viede mycelium growth (48.53%, with 50 mg·mL-1) respectively.The result of GC-MS assay showed that the antimicrobial compounds D determined preliminarily could be as 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde.However, the further purification for antimicrobial compounds D is required to identify their active compound.
The antimicrobial actives of Plocamium telfairiae Harv were fractioned from its crude extract with different solvents and were tested to against Pseudomnas aeruginosa and Trichoderma viede.The result indicated that the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited antibacterial activities and their antibacterial degrees were stronger than it of fractions obtained with other solvents.The inhibition zone were 14.3mm and 8mm diameter at the fraction concentration 100 mg·mL-1, respectively.The chloroform and petroleum ether fractions showed antifungal activities to against the mycelium growth of Trichoderma viede and the inhibition rate was 54.57% and 36.55%after 72hincubation, respectively.The antifungal activity of two fractions was stronger than it of fractions obtained with other solvents.The ethyl acetate fraction of Plocamium telfairiae Harv extract was again fractioned twice through silicone gel column to obtain compounds D.This compounds were identified and showed the antimicrobial properties to against Pseudomnas aeruginosa (13mm diameter with 100mg·mL-1) and to inhibit Trichoderma viede mycelium growth (48.53%, with 50 mg·mL-1) respectively.The result of GC-MS assay showed that the antimicrobial compounds D determined preliminarily could be as 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde.However, the further purification for antimicrobial compounds D is required to identify their active compound.
Development of Winter Biofiltration-deodorization Device for the Livestock Stalls and Poultry Houses
2013, 28(9): 919-924.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.09.018
Abstract:
In order to study the effect of the biofiltration-deodorization device for livestock and poultry on the stench exuded in winter, This paper provided an overview of the winter livestock and poultry deodorization process, illustrating its device structure and the way it worked;the structural design and parameters of its key components werer also provided.The results from practical application of the biofiltration-deodorization device showed that an active filter consisted of 70% grass rot soil, 20% perlite and 10% black wood charcoal;a filtering layer height of 950mm;a filter bed surface loading of 30.0m3·m-2·h-1;and a filter material humidity of (52±3) %could keep the concentration of indoors NH3 under 10mg·m-3 after 6hours continuous running.The deodorization effect was remarkable, and no inside-outside air exchange and indoors temperature fluctuation were found as well.
In order to study the effect of the biofiltration-deodorization device for livestock and poultry on the stench exuded in winter, This paper provided an overview of the winter livestock and poultry deodorization process, illustrating its device structure and the way it worked;the structural design and parameters of its key components werer also provided.The results from practical application of the biofiltration-deodorization device showed that an active filter consisted of 70% grass rot soil, 20% perlite and 10% black wood charcoal;a filtering layer height of 950mm;a filter bed surface loading of 30.0m3·m-2·h-1;and a filter material humidity of (52±3) %could keep the concentration of indoors NH3 under 10mg·m-3 after 6hours continuous running.The deodorization effect was remarkable, and no inside-outside air exchange and indoors temperature fluctuation were found as well.
2013, 28(9): 925-930.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.09.019
Abstract:
Using a small hilly watershed in south China as a model, an agricultural recycling system was studied.Emergy analysis was applied to evaluate the system's sustainability and economic impacts on the region.The planting and utilization of forage were conducted in Beifeng area near Fuzhou.The recycling system exhibited a potential in maximizing the utilization of the natural resources.Its self-providing rate of emergy was 11.23%;the system produced 34.25% of the total invested emergy;and, the emergy feedback rate was 62.83%.In other words, the system was highly self-sufficient.The net producing rate of emergy was 1.49 and the sustainable development index as high as 3.06, while the environment loading rate merely 0.49.The emergy analysis suggested that this recycling system could be used as a demonstration model to promote the highly efficient, resource-saving and environment-friendly application on similar hilly lands in south China.
Using a small hilly watershed in south China as a model, an agricultural recycling system was studied.Emergy analysis was applied to evaluate the system's sustainability and economic impacts on the region.The planting and utilization of forage were conducted in Beifeng area near Fuzhou.The recycling system exhibited a potential in maximizing the utilization of the natural resources.Its self-providing rate of emergy was 11.23%;the system produced 34.25% of the total invested emergy;and, the emergy feedback rate was 62.83%.In other words, the system was highly self-sufficient.The net producing rate of emergy was 1.49 and the sustainable development index as high as 3.06, while the environment loading rate merely 0.49.The emergy analysis suggested that this recycling system could be used as a demonstration model to promote the highly efficient, resource-saving and environment-friendly application on similar hilly lands in south China.
2013, 28(9): 931-937.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2013.09.020
Abstract:
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world, and also a model plant for molecular biology research in monocotyledon.Rice reproductive development directly affects yields and quality of rice.Therefore, researches on rice floral organ development showed great theoretical significance and practical application for both molecular developmental biology and rice genetics and breeding.In this review, the research progress of floral organ development was introduced.Meanwhile, the research status of Cl gene and the prospective of application of the gene were elucidated on the basis of traits of rice clustered spikelets, formation mechanism and genetic analysis.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world, and also a model plant for molecular biology research in monocotyledon.Rice reproductive development directly affects yields and quality of rice.Therefore, researches on rice floral organ development showed great theoretical significance and practical application for both molecular developmental biology and rice genetics and breeding.In this review, the research progress of floral organ development was introduced.Meanwhile, the research status of Cl gene and the prospective of application of the gene were elucidated on the basis of traits of rice clustered spikelets, formation mechanism and genetic analysis.
