2018 Vol. 33, No. 8
Display Method:
2018, 33(8): 771-776.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.08.001
Abstract:
In order to master the molecular basis of Myostatin(MSTN) gene that negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth and development in Fujian white rabbit, Fujian white rabbit MSTN gene cDNA was amplified and cloned from total RNA of muscle by RT-PCR and RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends). Sequence analysis indicated that the full cDNA (1 551 bp, Gen Bank accession number:KX084386) consisted of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) (136 bp), a 3'-terminal UTR (287 bp) and an ORF(1 128 bp). The open reading frame encoded a deduced protein with 375 amino acids residues. There were one TGF-beta propeptide superfamily domains at amino acids encoded by the 97 to 768 nucleotides and one TGF-beta family domains at amino acids encoded by the 841 to 1 125 nucleotides. Comparison of Fujian white rabbit MSTN with those of other rabbit, human, pig, mouse, horse, cattle, sheep, deer, baboons, orangutan and monkey showed that the amino acids horno1ogy were 99.9%, 92.8%, 94.4%, 86.9%, 95.2%, 89.1%, 91.0%, 90.3%, 95.9%, 96.4%, 95.9%, respectively. It provides the basic data for further research on structure function, expression regulation and molecular breeding of MSTN gene in Fujian white rabbit.
In order to master the molecular basis of Myostatin(MSTN) gene that negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth and development in Fujian white rabbit, Fujian white rabbit MSTN gene cDNA was amplified and cloned from total RNA of muscle by RT-PCR and RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends). Sequence analysis indicated that the full cDNA (1 551 bp, Gen Bank accession number:KX084386) consisted of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) (136 bp), a 3'-terminal UTR (287 bp) and an ORF(1 128 bp). The open reading frame encoded a deduced protein with 375 amino acids residues. There were one TGF-beta propeptide superfamily domains at amino acids encoded by the 97 to 768 nucleotides and one TGF-beta family domains at amino acids encoded by the 841 to 1 125 nucleotides. Comparison of Fujian white rabbit MSTN with those of other rabbit, human, pig, mouse, horse, cattle, sheep, deer, baboons, orangutan and monkey showed that the amino acids horno1ogy were 99.9%, 92.8%, 94.4%, 86.9%, 95.2%, 89.1%, 91.0%, 90.3%, 95.9%, 96.4%, 95.9%, respectively. It provides the basic data for further research on structure function, expression regulation and molecular breeding of MSTN gene in Fujian white rabbit.
2018, 33(8): 777-780.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.08.002
Abstract:
To develop a duplex PCR assay for simultaneous detections of Staphylococcus aureus and Bordetella bronchiseptica in rabbits, two pairs of specific primers were designed based on the conserved regions of nuc and fimN genes of the pathogens. The methodology with optimized reaction conditions was specific and free of cross-reactions with Pasteurella multocida, Escherichia coli and Clostridieum welchii. The detection limit of the method was 5 pg genome DNA on both pathogens. Moreover, the results obtained by using the duplex PCR assay were in perfect agreement with those determined separately by single PCR determinations. Thus, the newly developed highly specific, sensitive and accurate methodology could be a rapid assay applied for simultaneous identification of S. aureus and B. bronchiseptica present in a diseased rabbit.
To develop a duplex PCR assay for simultaneous detections of Staphylococcus aureus and Bordetella bronchiseptica in rabbits, two pairs of specific primers were designed based on the conserved regions of nuc and fimN genes of the pathogens. The methodology with optimized reaction conditions was specific and free of cross-reactions with Pasteurella multocida, Escherichia coli and Clostridieum welchii. The detection limit of the method was 5 pg genome DNA on both pathogens. Moreover, the results obtained by using the duplex PCR assay were in perfect agreement with those determined separately by single PCR determinations. Thus, the newly developed highly specific, sensitive and accurate methodology could be a rapid assay applied for simultaneous identification of S. aureus and B. bronchiseptica present in a diseased rabbit.
2018, 33(8): 781-786.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.08.003
Abstract:
For understanding the biological characteristics of persister formation of Proteus mirabilis, and control and prevention of bacterial diseases in poultry, Proteus mirabilis PM2658 from chicken was used as materials. Minimum inhibitory of concentrations (MIC) of antibiotics to Proteus mirabilis PM2658 were determined by two-fold dilution method. Under different antibiotic treatments and nutritional conditions, the characteristics of persister formation of Proteus mirabilis were determined by spot-plate protocol. Results showed that MIC of gentamicin sulphate (Gen), cefotaxime sodium (Cef) and ofloxacin (Ofx) to Proteus mirabilis PM2658 were 1.56, 0.78 and 3.13 μg·mL-1, respectively. Treated by 16×MIC and 100×MIC of Gen, stationary phase of Proteus mirabilis PM2658 could form persister, and the percentages of persister formation were 8.04×10-4 and 1.03×10-6, respectively. Moreover, the regularity of peresister formation under antibiotic combinations of 16×MIC Gen-4×MIC Cef, 16×MIC Gen-4×MIC Ofx, 4×MIC Cef-4×MIC Ofx, 16×MIC Gen-4×MIC Cef-4×MIC Ofx was the same as that of single Gen treatment, indicating that persister of Proteus mirabilis PM2658 had multiple drug tolerance. The rate of formation of Proteus mirabilis PM2658 persister in 1/5 LB was higher than those in LB and 1/2 LB under 16×MIC Gen treatment, which separately increased by 17.67 times and 5.05 times, which indicated that the formation of Proteus mirabils PM2658 persister was related to nutrition of environment. The heritage of Proteus mirabilis PM2658 persister did not change, which was further determined after every different treatments mentioned above. Taken together, Proteus mirabilis from chicken do form persister, and characteristics of persister formation depends on specific antibiotic.
For understanding the biological characteristics of persister formation of Proteus mirabilis, and control and prevention of bacterial diseases in poultry, Proteus mirabilis PM2658 from chicken was used as materials. Minimum inhibitory of concentrations (MIC) of antibiotics to Proteus mirabilis PM2658 were determined by two-fold dilution method. Under different antibiotic treatments and nutritional conditions, the characteristics of persister formation of Proteus mirabilis were determined by spot-plate protocol. Results showed that MIC of gentamicin sulphate (Gen), cefotaxime sodium (Cef) and ofloxacin (Ofx) to Proteus mirabilis PM2658 were 1.56, 0.78 and 3.13 μg·mL-1, respectively. Treated by 16×MIC and 100×MIC of Gen, stationary phase of Proteus mirabilis PM2658 could form persister, and the percentages of persister formation were 8.04×10-4 and 1.03×10-6, respectively. Moreover, the regularity of peresister formation under antibiotic combinations of 16×MIC Gen-4×MIC Cef, 16×MIC Gen-4×MIC Ofx, 4×MIC Cef-4×MIC Ofx, 16×MIC Gen-4×MIC Cef-4×MIC Ofx was the same as that of single Gen treatment, indicating that persister of Proteus mirabilis PM2658 had multiple drug tolerance. The rate of formation of Proteus mirabilis PM2658 persister in 1/5 LB was higher than those in LB and 1/2 LB under 16×MIC Gen treatment, which separately increased by 17.67 times and 5.05 times, which indicated that the formation of Proteus mirabils PM2658 persister was related to nutrition of environment. The heritage of Proteus mirabilis PM2658 persister did not change, which was further determined after every different treatments mentioned above. Taken together, Proteus mirabilis from chicken do form persister, and characteristics of persister formation depends on specific antibiotic.
2018, 33(8): 787-793.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.08.004
Abstract:
Growth of the early juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus was studied. At room temperature, T. tridentatus were artificially bred and cultivated from 2014 till 2016.The growth indices, including wet body weight, prosomal length and width, opisthosoma length and width as well as telson and whole lengths, of the fish were measured to establish power function models for the T. tridentatus of 1st to 5th instar age by regression analysis. The converted logarithmic growth indices were used to obtain linear regression equations, which showed a correlation coefficient, R2, for all except that of opisthosoma length vs. prosomal width, was greater than 0.900 at P < 0.01. The wet body weight and telson and whole lengths were positively allometric with the prosomal width; while the opisthosoma width, isometric with the prosomal width; and, the prosomal and opisthosoma lengths, negatively allometric with the prosomal width. Subsequently, separately measured data on T. tridentatus of 1st to 5th instar age as well as those of 6th instar age were entered the equations for validation. The results indicated all models fitted well with data and were highly extrapolatable.
Growth of the early juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus was studied. At room temperature, T. tridentatus were artificially bred and cultivated from 2014 till 2016.The growth indices, including wet body weight, prosomal length and width, opisthosoma length and width as well as telson and whole lengths, of the fish were measured to establish power function models for the T. tridentatus of 1st to 5th instar age by regression analysis. The converted logarithmic growth indices were used to obtain linear regression equations, which showed a correlation coefficient, R2, for all except that of opisthosoma length vs. prosomal width, was greater than 0.900 at P < 0.01. The wet body weight and telson and whole lengths were positively allometric with the prosomal width; while the opisthosoma width, isometric with the prosomal width; and, the prosomal and opisthosoma lengths, negatively allometric with the prosomal width. Subsequently, separately measured data on T. tridentatus of 1st to 5th instar age as well as those of 6th instar age were entered the equations for validation. The results indicated all models fitted well with data and were highly extrapolatable.
2018, 33(8): 794-798.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.08.005
Abstract:
The inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and fluorescence-labeled methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (F-MSAP) markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 20 Lentinula edodes strains. Ninety-eight bands were detected by 8 ISSR primers, of which 90.82% were polymorphic. The coefficient of pairwise genetic similarity ranged from 0.520 4 to 0.989 7.A total of 13 487 CCGG sites were detected using 15 selected primer pairs. Among the sites, 1 704 were of hemi-methylation with an average rate of 12.63%, and 1 865 of full-methylation with an average rate of 13.83%. The MSAP data were further divided into methylation sensitive polymorphisms (MSP) and methylation insensitive polymorphisms (MISP) groups. A significant correlation between ISSR and MISP was found by the Mantel test, while none between ISSR and MSP. It appeared that there was a significant methylation diversity among various L. edodes which could be of value for the breeding purpose.
The inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and fluorescence-labeled methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (F-MSAP) markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 20 Lentinula edodes strains. Ninety-eight bands were detected by 8 ISSR primers, of which 90.82% were polymorphic. The coefficient of pairwise genetic similarity ranged from 0.520 4 to 0.989 7.A total of 13 487 CCGG sites were detected using 15 selected primer pairs. Among the sites, 1 704 were of hemi-methylation with an average rate of 12.63%, and 1 865 of full-methylation with an average rate of 13.83%. The MSAP data were further divided into methylation sensitive polymorphisms (MSP) and methylation insensitive polymorphisms (MISP) groups. A significant correlation between ISSR and MISP was found by the Mantel test, while none between ISSR and MSP. It appeared that there was a significant methylation diversity among various L. edodes which could be of value for the breeding purpose.
2018, 33(8): 799-805.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.08.006
Abstract:
Propagating Crassulaceae by using cut leaves from the plants with treatment of growth regulators was studied. Applying the subordinate function method, the effects of two types of hormones on 4 varieties of Crassulaceae were evaluated. The results showed the application of 200 mg·L-1 NAA on Echeveria elegans var. Kesselringiana, xSedeveria (Blue Elf) and Echeveria cuspidata var. zaragozae Kimnach yielded the desirable effect with subordinate function value of 0.95, 0.90 and 0.90, respectively; while, that of 100 mg·L-1 IBA on Echeveria (Lola) with a subordinate function value of 0.84. The growth indices of the leaf-cuttings were significantly different between varieties (P < 0.05). The 91.54% rooting and 99.01% survival rates of Blue Elf and the 97.33% germination rate of E. cuspidata were the highest among all varieties studied. The seedling survival rates of the 4 varieties were all greater than 90%, which were 6.26%-22.99% higher than control. It indicated that either NAA or IBA could be used effectively and economically to promote the Crassulaceae propagation from cut-leaves.
Propagating Crassulaceae by using cut leaves from the plants with treatment of growth regulators was studied. Applying the subordinate function method, the effects of two types of hormones on 4 varieties of Crassulaceae were evaluated. The results showed the application of 200 mg·L-1 NAA on Echeveria elegans var. Kesselringiana, xSedeveria (Blue Elf) and Echeveria cuspidata var. zaragozae Kimnach yielded the desirable effect with subordinate function value of 0.95, 0.90 and 0.90, respectively; while, that of 100 mg·L-1 IBA on Echeveria (Lola) with a subordinate function value of 0.84. The growth indices of the leaf-cuttings were significantly different between varieties (P < 0.05). The 91.54% rooting and 99.01% survival rates of Blue Elf and the 97.33% germination rate of E. cuspidata were the highest among all varieties studied. The seedling survival rates of the 4 varieties were all greater than 90%, which were 6.26%-22.99% higher than control. It indicated that either NAA or IBA could be used effectively and economically to promote the Crassulaceae propagation from cut-leaves.
2018, 33(8): 806-813.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.08.007
Abstract:
Previous studies have revealed that the free-living or purely cultured prokaryotes produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) which play a critical role in biological processes. In this study, the OMVs secreted by the symbiotic cyanobacterium and other endophytic bacteria (together referred to as endophyte) within a small water fern, Azolla-cyanobacterium association, were investigated by using scanning and transmission electron microscopies (EM). The results demonstrated that the vesiculation of both the cyanobacterium and the bacteria occurs not only at the stage of active vegetative growth, but their reproductive stages and even in dying process. Based on the ultrastructural characteristics, the OMVs discovered in the materials we used could be divided to five types:bilayer-couple with a central transparent area, outer-inner membranes, bilayer-couple with a core, bilayer-couple with multi-cores and bilayer-couple with multi-bulbs. Analyzing the changes of the cellular ultrastructure has led to a suggestion that peptidoglycan in periplasmic space is involved in formation and discharge of OMVs, which seems to have a universal significance to illuminate the mechanism for biogenesis of OMVs. In this paper, the interpretation of the EM images is also discussed, so as to avoid the misinterpretation caused by the artifacts due to the sample pretreatment.
Previous studies have revealed that the free-living or purely cultured prokaryotes produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) which play a critical role in biological processes. In this study, the OMVs secreted by the symbiotic cyanobacterium and other endophytic bacteria (together referred to as endophyte) within a small water fern, Azolla-cyanobacterium association, were investigated by using scanning and transmission electron microscopies (EM). The results demonstrated that the vesiculation of both the cyanobacterium and the bacteria occurs not only at the stage of active vegetative growth, but their reproductive stages and even in dying process. Based on the ultrastructural characteristics, the OMVs discovered in the materials we used could be divided to five types:bilayer-couple with a central transparent area, outer-inner membranes, bilayer-couple with a core, bilayer-couple with multi-cores and bilayer-couple with multi-bulbs. Analyzing the changes of the cellular ultrastructure has led to a suggestion that peptidoglycan in periplasmic space is involved in formation and discharge of OMVs, which seems to have a universal significance to illuminate the mechanism for biogenesis of OMVs. In this paper, the interpretation of the EM images is also discussed, so as to avoid the misinterpretation caused by the artifacts due to the sample pretreatment.
2018, 33(8): 814-819.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.08.008
Abstract:
Ecological stoichiometry of different Azolla cultivars as affected by the seasons was studied. In the lab, 8 Azolla cultivars were used to determine the seasonal variations on yield, contents of C, N, P as well as stoichiometry of the plants. The results showed the yield increased initially, reached a peak as the temperature rose in the summer, and followed by a decline. The highest average annual yield of 244.25 g·tray-1 was observed on A. microphylla Minyu No. 1 (4087), the second highest of 240.43 g/tray on A. microphylla (4018) A. filiculoides (1001) A. microphylla (4018) MH3-1, and the third of 232.14 g·tray-1 on A. caroliniana Willd (3001). The C content in them was low at first but gradually increased later to arrive at the highest at 44.40% in the spring. The contents of N and P increased firstly to their maximum, 4.50% and 0.86%, respectively, in the summer, then decreased. The C, N and P contents of A. caroliniana Willd (3001), A. filiculoides lamarck (1001) and A. Mexicana Schlecht et cham (2002) were higher than those of the other cultivars. As the temperature varied, the ratios of C:N, C:P and N:P decreased in the beginning to their lowest values in the summer and followed by an increasing trend. The ratios varied between 7.93-18.20, 41.05-225.18 and 5.16-23.90, respectively, in different seasons. Under the experimental conditions, A. caroliniana Willd (3001) was found superior to others on yield and contents of C, N and P.
Ecological stoichiometry of different Azolla cultivars as affected by the seasons was studied. In the lab, 8 Azolla cultivars were used to determine the seasonal variations on yield, contents of C, N, P as well as stoichiometry of the plants. The results showed the yield increased initially, reached a peak as the temperature rose in the summer, and followed by a decline. The highest average annual yield of 244.25 g·tray-1 was observed on A. microphylla Minyu No. 1 (4087), the second highest of 240.43 g/tray on A. microphylla (4018) A. filiculoides (1001) A. microphylla (4018) MH3-1, and the third of 232.14 g·tray-1 on A. caroliniana Willd (3001). The C content in them was low at first but gradually increased later to arrive at the highest at 44.40% in the spring. The contents of N and P increased firstly to their maximum, 4.50% and 0.86%, respectively, in the summer, then decreased. The C, N and P contents of A. caroliniana Willd (3001), A. filiculoides lamarck (1001) and A. Mexicana Schlecht et cham (2002) were higher than those of the other cultivars. As the temperature varied, the ratios of C:N, C:P and N:P decreased in the beginning to their lowest values in the summer and followed by an increasing trend. The ratios varied between 7.93-18.20, 41.05-225.18 and 5.16-23.90, respectively, in different seasons. Under the experimental conditions, A. caroliniana Willd (3001) was found superior to others on yield and contents of C, N and P.
2018, 33(8): 820-827.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.08.009
Abstract:
Distribution characteristics of organic carbon (SOC) in soils from fields of 4 different land-use patterns (i.e., paddy field, abandoned land, orchard land, and rubber forest land) in eastern Hainan Island were studied. The results showed that the SOC contents in 0-30 cm layer of the soil ranked in the order of paddy field > abandoned land > orchard land > rubber forest land. There were significant differences on SOC accumulation among the soils that decreased gradually with increasing depth. The correlation analysis showed that SOC in the paddy field or the abandoned land was significantly affected by the makeup and pH of the soil, while that in the orchard land or the rubber forest land also affected by the makeup but not the pH. Thus, for a sustainable agricultural production and a desirable SOC reserve in soil, conservation measures in tillage, such as returning straws to the rice field after harvest and applying organic fertilizer on the land, should be implemented and enforced to warrant adequate soil fertility and available land for rice farming, as well as carbon sequestration capacity of the soil for the areas on the island.
Distribution characteristics of organic carbon (SOC) in soils from fields of 4 different land-use patterns (i.e., paddy field, abandoned land, orchard land, and rubber forest land) in eastern Hainan Island were studied. The results showed that the SOC contents in 0-30 cm layer of the soil ranked in the order of paddy field > abandoned land > orchard land > rubber forest land. There were significant differences on SOC accumulation among the soils that decreased gradually with increasing depth. The correlation analysis showed that SOC in the paddy field or the abandoned land was significantly affected by the makeup and pH of the soil, while that in the orchard land or the rubber forest land also affected by the makeup but not the pH. Thus, for a sustainable agricultural production and a desirable SOC reserve in soil, conservation measures in tillage, such as returning straws to the rice field after harvest and applying organic fertilizer on the land, should be implemented and enforced to warrant adequate soil fertility and available land for rice farming, as well as carbon sequestration capacity of the soil for the areas on the island.
2018, 33(8): 828-834.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.08.010
Abstract:
Based on the ecological security principle, a safety indexing system to access the carbon emission from land-uses for the regions in Hunan province was constructed. It analyzed the carbon emission affected by the spatial settings of various types of land-use and classified the safety status for regions in the province. The results showed that the carbon emission in Hunan was relatively acceptable with an averaged safety score of 0.685 5. The highest score was 0.771 7 for Zhangjiajie City, and the lowest 0.533 3 for Loudi City. From the safety perspective, Xiangtan City (scored 0.622 4) and Loudi City were considered marginal, while the rest semi-secure. Spatial setting on land-use did not seem to be a significant factor on the scoring. The PSR model indicated that the 6 cities induding Changsha, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan, Yueyang, Loudi and Jishou belonged to the high-stress-high-response class, whereas, the 8 cities of Chunzhou, Hengyang, Shaoyang, Changde, Zhangjiajie, Yiyang, Yongzhou and Huaihua the low-stress-low-response category. Realizing the disparities, the safety issue involving carbon emissions from land-use should be a critical criterion in planning the future development for different localities. By combining it with other factors for consideration, such as per GDP energy consumption, proportion of secondary industries, and per capita ecological use of land, an optimized design could be formulated to achieve the most desirable and sustainable outcome for a targeted city or region.
Based on the ecological security principle, a safety indexing system to access the carbon emission from land-uses for the regions in Hunan province was constructed. It analyzed the carbon emission affected by the spatial settings of various types of land-use and classified the safety status for regions in the province. The results showed that the carbon emission in Hunan was relatively acceptable with an averaged safety score of 0.685 5. The highest score was 0.771 7 for Zhangjiajie City, and the lowest 0.533 3 for Loudi City. From the safety perspective, Xiangtan City (scored 0.622 4) and Loudi City were considered marginal, while the rest semi-secure. Spatial setting on land-use did not seem to be a significant factor on the scoring. The PSR model indicated that the 6 cities induding Changsha, Zhuzhou, Xiangtan, Yueyang, Loudi and Jishou belonged to the high-stress-high-response class, whereas, the 8 cities of Chunzhou, Hengyang, Shaoyang, Changde, Zhangjiajie, Yiyang, Yongzhou and Huaihua the low-stress-low-response category. Realizing the disparities, the safety issue involving carbon emissions from land-use should be a critical criterion in planning the future development for different localities. By combining it with other factors for consideration, such as per GDP energy consumption, proportion of secondary industries, and per capita ecological use of land, an optimized design could be formulated to achieve the most desirable and sustainable outcome for a targeted city or region.
2018, 33(8): 835-841.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.08.011
Abstract:
Composition and dynamics of the fungal community in soil of Wulongjiang wetlands were studied. The classical plate count and the denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were applied to determine the cultivable population and diversity of the community. The plate counts of the samples averaged between 0.13×104 and 8.26×104 CFU per g of dry soil with no significant difference due to the locations or time of collection. On the other hand, the PCR-DGGE patterns of 18S rDNA (V1+V2) fragments exhibited variations on the positions, number and lightness of the bands from different lanes, indicating compositional differences among the fungal populations. The DGGE bands digitally analyzed by Quantity One software and the derived Shannon-Wiener index, evenness and abundance showed greater diversities in the samples obtained in March 2009, September 2009 and January 2010 than other times of a year. They also unveiled the differences in abundance of Sample L > Sample M > Sample R. The dominant fungi in the soil were identified to be Ascomycota and Mucoromycota according to a sequence analysis on the DGGE bands.
Composition and dynamics of the fungal community in soil of Wulongjiang wetlands were studied. The classical plate count and the denatured gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were applied to determine the cultivable population and diversity of the community. The plate counts of the samples averaged between 0.13×104 and 8.26×104 CFU per g of dry soil with no significant difference due to the locations or time of collection. On the other hand, the PCR-DGGE patterns of 18S rDNA (V1+V2) fragments exhibited variations on the positions, number and lightness of the bands from different lanes, indicating compositional differences among the fungal populations. The DGGE bands digitally analyzed by Quantity One software and the derived Shannon-Wiener index, evenness and abundance showed greater diversities in the samples obtained in March 2009, September 2009 and January 2010 than other times of a year. They also unveiled the differences in abundance of Sample L > Sample M > Sample R. The dominant fungi in the soil were identified to be Ascomycota and Mucoromycota according to a sequence analysis on the DGGE bands.
2018, 33(8): 842-848.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.08.012
Abstract:
To determine the resistance of rice new varieties against rice blast and rice false smut, 101 new rice varieties were evaluated synthetically using the methods of artificial inoculation in the greenhouse and natural infection in the field. The results indicated that rice varieties exhibited the similar resistance under the greenhouse and the field conditions. The results showed that 43 new rice varieties showed middle resistant to rice blast, such as FJSM-25(Yuanyou 2105)、FJSM-26(Yuanyou 919)、FJSM-70(Chunyou 84), 33 new rice varieties showed middle resistant to rice false smut, such as FJSM-21(Lüliangyou 2740)、FJSM-23(Ruiyou 178)、FJSM-24(Yiyou Jia 7). To combinethe both results, 9 rice varieties showed good resistant both to rice blast and rice false smut, such as FJSM-1(Guangyou 1029)、FJSM-11(Tianfengyou 110)、FJSM-25(Yuanyou 2105). Our investigation showed that the occurrence of rice blast and rice false smut on same plants in field is significant high, the frequency of rice varieties co-infected by rice blast and rice false smut were more than 92%.
To determine the resistance of rice new varieties against rice blast and rice false smut, 101 new rice varieties were evaluated synthetically using the methods of artificial inoculation in the greenhouse and natural infection in the field. The results indicated that rice varieties exhibited the similar resistance under the greenhouse and the field conditions. The results showed that 43 new rice varieties showed middle resistant to rice blast, such as FJSM-25(Yuanyou 2105)、FJSM-26(Yuanyou 919)、FJSM-70(Chunyou 84), 33 new rice varieties showed middle resistant to rice false smut, such as FJSM-21(Lüliangyou 2740)、FJSM-23(Ruiyou 178)、FJSM-24(Yiyou Jia 7). To combinethe both results, 9 rice varieties showed good resistant both to rice blast and rice false smut, such as FJSM-1(Guangyou 1029)、FJSM-11(Tianfengyou 110)、FJSM-25(Yuanyou 2105). Our investigation showed that the occurrence of rice blast and rice false smut on same plants in field is significant high, the frequency of rice varieties co-infected by rice blast and rice false smut were more than 92%.
2018, 33(8): 849-854.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.08.013
Abstract:
The branches and leaves of Nerium indicum Mill plants were extracted using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate or nbutanol in this study. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts against 5 pathogenic fungi on plants (i.e., Gerlachia nivalis, Gaeumannomyces graminis, Venturia nashicola, Colletotrichum capsici, and Magnaporthe oryzae) were determined based on the fungal growth rates under the treatments. From the data, regression equations were obtained, and EC50 calculated. It was found that the extracts exhibited varying inhibitory rates, which increased with increasing concentration of the extract. The ethyl acetate extract showed the greatest inhibitory effects on the pathogens. At a concentration of 10 mg·mL-1, the extract demonstrated an inhibition rate exceeded 65.0% against all 5 fungi, especially G. nivalis, which reached 85.7% with an EC50 of 2.04 mg·mL-1. The petroleum ether extract and the nbutanol extract followed in that order on the inhibition effect. All 3 extracts retarded the growths of G. nivalis with an EC50 below 6.28 mg·mL-1, which was significantly lower than the EC50 on other fungi tested.
The branches and leaves of Nerium indicum Mill plants were extracted using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate or nbutanol in this study. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts against 5 pathogenic fungi on plants (i.e., Gerlachia nivalis, Gaeumannomyces graminis, Venturia nashicola, Colletotrichum capsici, and Magnaporthe oryzae) were determined based on the fungal growth rates under the treatments. From the data, regression equations were obtained, and EC50 calculated. It was found that the extracts exhibited varying inhibitory rates, which increased with increasing concentration of the extract. The ethyl acetate extract showed the greatest inhibitory effects on the pathogens. At a concentration of 10 mg·mL-1, the extract demonstrated an inhibition rate exceeded 65.0% against all 5 fungi, especially G. nivalis, which reached 85.7% with an EC50 of 2.04 mg·mL-1. The petroleum ether extract and the nbutanol extract followed in that order on the inhibition effect. All 3 extracts retarded the growths of G. nivalis with an EC50 below 6.28 mg·mL-1, which was significantly lower than the EC50 on other fungi tested.
2018, 33(8): 855-858.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.08.014
Abstract:
Efficacies of yellow, green, blue, red, purple and pink sticky traps on catching Bemisia tabaci adults were compared in a tomato greenhouse. The yellow traps (YSTs) were found to be most effective, followed by the traps of green, blue, and red, purple or pink colors. Subsequently, the hanging heights and densities of YSTs were varied for further testing. The results showed that the height to hang a trap significantly affected the trapping efficacy. YSTs placed with top edges parallel to and 15 cm above or below the canopy of a tomato plant caught significantly more adult insects than those were hung 30 cm above or below the canopy. YSTs exerted a significant control on the size of B. tabaci adult population. The trap setting of 0.06, 0.09 and 0.12 units·m-2 for 8 weeks resulted in trapping rates of 54.18%, 67.29% and 80.01%, respectively. Thus, YSTs was considered an effective tool for managing the B. tabaci population in greenhouses.
Efficacies of yellow, green, blue, red, purple and pink sticky traps on catching Bemisia tabaci adults were compared in a tomato greenhouse. The yellow traps (YSTs) were found to be most effective, followed by the traps of green, blue, and red, purple or pink colors. Subsequently, the hanging heights and densities of YSTs were varied for further testing. The results showed that the height to hang a trap significantly affected the trapping efficacy. YSTs placed with top edges parallel to and 15 cm above or below the canopy of a tomato plant caught significantly more adult insects than those were hung 30 cm above or below the canopy. YSTs exerted a significant control on the size of B. tabaci adult population. The trap setting of 0.06, 0.09 and 0.12 units·m-2 for 8 weeks resulted in trapping rates of 54.18%, 67.29% and 80.01%, respectively. Thus, YSTs was considered an effective tool for managing the B. tabaci population in greenhouses.
2018, 33(8): 859-864.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.08.015
Abstract:
The fuzzy synthetic evaluation method was applied to determine the sensory quality of the Hongqu rice wine brewed with Monascus sp. The appearance, aroma, taste, and characteristics of the wines were the criteria used in classifying them into 5 grades, i.e., superior, fine, qualified, unqualified, and inferior. The M (·, +) operator was selected to establish the fuzzy synthetic evaluation index and model. According to the degree of association based on the weighted ranks, 12 Hongqu rice wines were judged to be in the fine grade, 18 in the qualified grade, and 2 as unqualified. Total acid content in the wine was found to be a critical element affecting the sensory quality. The applied evaluation method was considered a scientific and reliable tool in producing quality Hongqu rice wine.
The fuzzy synthetic evaluation method was applied to determine the sensory quality of the Hongqu rice wine brewed with Monascus sp. The appearance, aroma, taste, and characteristics of the wines were the criteria used in classifying them into 5 grades, i.e., superior, fine, qualified, unqualified, and inferior. The M (·, +) operator was selected to establish the fuzzy synthetic evaluation index and model. According to the degree of association based on the weighted ranks, 12 Hongqu rice wines were judged to be in the fine grade, 18 in the qualified grade, and 2 as unqualified. Total acid content in the wine was found to be a critical element affecting the sensory quality. The applied evaluation method was considered a scientific and reliable tool in producing quality Hongqu rice wine.
2018, 33(8): 865-869.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.08.016
Abstract:
Safety of overnight refrigerated watermelon slices for food consumption was studied. The total plate counts on samples of fresh-cut surface, fresh-cut surface after overnight refrigerated storage, and 2 cm beneath fresh-cut surface after overnight refrigeration of three varieties of watermelons sold in Fuzhou were determined according to the method described under GB 4789.2-2016. The results showed no significant difference on samples from a same watermelon cultivar. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the microorganisms isolated from the samples indicated that they were mainly Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Escherichia and Erwinia genera. Since most of them commonly exist in the air and soil and are of relatively low health concerns, the fresh-cut watermelon after overnight refrigeration ought to be safe for consumption.
Safety of overnight refrigerated watermelon slices for food consumption was studied. The total plate counts on samples of fresh-cut surface, fresh-cut surface after overnight refrigerated storage, and 2 cm beneath fresh-cut surface after overnight refrigeration of three varieties of watermelons sold in Fuzhou were determined according to the method described under GB 4789.2-2016. The results showed no significant difference on samples from a same watermelon cultivar. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the microorganisms isolated from the samples indicated that they were mainly Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Escherichia and Erwinia genera. Since most of them commonly exist in the air and soil and are of relatively low health concerns, the fresh-cut watermelon after overnight refrigeration ought to be safe for consumption.
2018, 33(8): 870-878.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.08.017
Abstract:
Understanding the demands on the logistics of an agricultural product cold chain is essential for appropriate planning, investment, and development of the system, which is unique and complex in operation. A specifically designed program is needed to accurately forecast the demands for an adequate and effective system management. This study applied a qualitative analysis and evaluated with statistical data on factors that might affect the logistics. Subsequently, forecasting models based on the grey model, support vector machine, BP neural network, RBF neural network, and genetic neural network were constructed. By challenging the models on the ability to characterize and correlate the variables as well as predict the outcomes, the following ranking was obtained:genetic neural network > RBF neural network > BP neural network > support vector machine > gray model.
Understanding the demands on the logistics of an agricultural product cold chain is essential for appropriate planning, investment, and development of the system, which is unique and complex in operation. A specifically designed program is needed to accurately forecast the demands for an adequate and effective system management. This study applied a qualitative analysis and evaluated with statistical data on factors that might affect the logistics. Subsequently, forecasting models based on the grey model, support vector machine, BP neural network, RBF neural network, and genetic neural network were constructed. By challenging the models on the ability to characterize and correlate the variables as well as predict the outcomes, the following ranking was obtained:genetic neural network > RBF neural network > BP neural network > support vector machine > gray model.
2018, 33(8): 879-881.
doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.08.018
Abstract:
Carex longicolla Tang & F.T. Wang ex Y. F. Deng is a newly recorded species in Fujian.
Carex longicolla Tang & F.T. Wang ex Y. F. Deng is a newly recorded species in Fujian.
