Water Retention and Biomass of Litter from Varied Pruning Practices on Tea Bushes
-
摘要: 为了解茶树修剪对修剪枝叶凋落物生物量及其生态水文特性的影响规律，采用田间修剪与室内持水模拟试验相结合的方法，研究不同深度修剪下修剪凋落物的生物量、持水特性及拦蓄能力。结果表明：3种修剪处理下修剪凋落物的生物量为1.75~2.49 t·hm-2，修剪凋落物持水作用主要表现在降雨前期的2 h内。枝叶混合样的最大持水率表现为：中度修剪（121.33%）> 重度修剪（113.69%）> 轻度修剪（106.16%）；其中叶组分的平均最大持水率为137.47%；3种修剪处理下凋落物及其组分的最大吸水速率均表现为：叶 > 混合 > 枝；其中叶的平均最大吸水速率为2.14 g·g-1·h-1。而枝叶混合组分的对降水的最大拦蓄率为95.12%~110.12%，有效拦蓄率为79.19%~91.91%，其最大持水量、最大拦蓄量及有效拦蓄量均表现为：中度修剪 > 重度修剪 > 轻度修剪。其中中度修剪下的单次修剪凋落物的有效拦蓄量为2.19 t·hm-2。研究表明，茶园生态系统凋落物的拦蓄降水能力要小于森林生态系统。Abstract: The hydrological function is one of the important ecological contributions of tree litter in a forest. To understand the eco-hydrological effects of litter from bush pruning in tea plantations, the biomass, water retention, and flood-intercepting capacity of the litter were studied in the field as well as in the laboratory with simulation experiments. The results indicated that the various pruning practices produced 1.75 tons to 2.49 tons of litter biomass per hm2; and, the water retention of the litter peaked within 2 h after a rainfall. The maximum water holding of the leaves was 106.16%, which was greater than that of the leaves-stems mixture, and followed by that of the stems; that of the mixed litter was 121.33% by the moderate pruning, 113.69% by the severe pruning, and 106.16% by the light pruning; the average rate of water absorbed by the leaves was 2.14 g·g-1·h-1, followed by the mixed litter, and the lowest by the stems; the maximum flood-intercepting rates ranged from 95.12% to 110.12% with effective rates of 79.19%-91.91%; when the clippings of leaves and stems were mixed, the capacity was highest with the moderate pruning with an effective intercepting capacity of 2.19 t·hm-2, followed by the severe pruning, and the lowest with the light pruning. It was concluded that after pruning the potential of a tea plantation to prevent flooding from a heavy downpour was less than that of the forest ecosystem at large.
-
Key words:
- tea bush /
- pruning /
- litter biomass /
- water retention /
- flood-intercepting capacity
-
图 2 不同修剪深度下茶树修剪凋落物不同组分的持水量
Figure 2. Water holding capacities of litter from various pruning practices
图 3 不同修剪深度下茶树枝叶吸水速率
Figure 3. Water absorption rate of litter from various pruning practices
表 1 不同修剪深度对茶树修剪枝叶生物量的影响
Table 1. Biomass of leaf- and stem-clippings produced by various pruning practices
处理 生物量-鲜重/(t·hm-2) 生物量-干重/(t·hm-2) 含水率
/%总量 叶 枝 叶/枝比 总量 叶 枝 叶/枝比 轻度修剪 4.59±0.07a 3.48±0.18a 1.11±0.18a 3.13±0.71 1.75±0.02a 1.24±0.04a 0.51±0.04a 2.43±0.27 66.38±5.27 中度修剪 6.48±0.05b 4.45±0.07b 2.03±0.07b 2.19±0.11 2.38±0.02b 1.53±0.04b 0.85±0.04b 1.80±0.12 63.25±0.25 重度修剪 7.40±0.01c 4.83±0.09c 2.57±0.09c 1.88±0.10 2.49±0.38b 1.55±0.03b 0.94±0.03b 1.65±0.08 61.91±0.55 注：同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间存在显著性差异(P＜ 0.05)。 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 不同深度下茶树修剪凋落物及其组分对降雨拦蓄能力的比较
Table 2. Flood-intercepting capacity of litter from various pruning practices
浸水时间 轻度修剪 中度修剪 重度修剪 叶 枝 混合 叶 枝 混合 叶 枝 混合 最大持水率R/% 141.98 83.97 106.16 138.12 99.29 121.33 132.32 92.64 113.69 最大持水量Q/(t·hm-2) 1.76 0.43 1.86 2.11 0.84 2.89 2.05 0.87 2.83 最大拦蓄率Lr/%t 133.71 77.60 95.12 130.83 92.58 110.12 124.22 84.67 103.41 最大拦蓄量L/(t·hm-2) 1.66 0.40 1.66 2.00 0.79 2.62 1.93 0.8 2.57 有效拦蓄率W/% 112.41 65.01 79.19 110.11 77.68 91.92 104.37 70.77 86.35 有效拦蓄量L2/(t·hm-2) 1.39 0.33 1.39 1.68 0.66 2.19 1.62 0.67 2.15
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 童启庆.茶树栽培学:第3版[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:238-261. [2] 苏孔武,吴永华,诸葛天秋.浅析春茶后茶园修剪利弊问题[J].福建茶叶,2011,33(5):23-25. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FJCA201105011.htm [3] WANG Q K,WANG S L,FAN B, et al.Litter production,leaf litter decomposition and nutrient return in plantations in south China:effect of planting conifers with broadleaved species[J].Plant Soil,2007,297:201-211. doi: 10.1007/s11104-007-9333-2 [4] 唐仕姗,杨万勤,殷睿,等.中国森林生态系统凋落叶分解速率的分布特征及其控制因子[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(6):529-539. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZWSB201406001.htm [5] 白晋华,胡振华,郭晋平.华北山地次生林典型森林类型枯落物及土壤水文效应研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,32(2):84-89. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQS200902019.htm [6] 孟玉珂,刘小林,袁一超,等.小陇山林区主要林分凋落物水文效应[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(6):48-51. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBLX201206009.htm [7] 吕文,杨桂山,万荣荣,等.太湖流域西部丘陵茶园修剪前后蒸散速率的比较分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(2):184-191. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGTN201302008.htm [8] 刘效东,乔玉娜,周国逸,等.鼎湖山3种不同演替阶段森林凋落物的持水特性[J].林业科学,2013,49(9):8-15. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LYKE201309002.htm [9] 周丽丽,蔡丽平,马祥庆,等.不同发育阶段杉木人工林凋落物的生态水文功能[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(5):249-253. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQS201205050.htm [10] 薛立,何跃君,屈明,等.华南典型人工林凋落物的持水特性[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(3):415-421. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZWSB200503011.htm [11] 常雅军,曹靖,李建建,等.秦岭西部山地针叶林凋落物层的化学性质[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(7):1308-1315. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXZ200907017.htm [12] 周丽丽,吴鹏飞,马祥庆,等.不同发育阶段杉木人工林凋落物机不同组分持水特性的比较[J].武夷科学,2012,28(10):158-165. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WYKX201200027.htm [13] 彭玉华,欧芷阳,曹艳云,等.桂西南喀斯特山地主要植被类型凋落物累积量及其持水特性[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(2):81-85. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZNLB201302019.htm [14] 吴钦孝,赵鸿雁,刘向东,等.森林枯枝落叶层涵养水源保持水土的作用评价[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1998,4(2):23-28. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQS802.003.htm [15] 朱金兆,刘建军,朱清科,等.森林凋落物层水文生态功能研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2002,24(5):30-34. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJLY2002Z1007.htm [16] 曾明森,刘丰静,王定锋,等.轻修剪对茶园节肢动物种群和群落多样性的影响[J].福建农业学报,2010,25(2):623-626. http://www.fjnyxb.cn/CN/abstract/abstract550.shtml [17] 申卫军,彭少麟,周国逸,等.马占相思(Acacia mangium)与湿地松(Pinus elliotii)人工林枯落物层的水文功能[J].生态学报,2001,21(5):846-850. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXB200105024.htm [18] 马书国,杨玉盛,谢锦生,等,亚热带6种老龄天然林及杉木人工林的枯落物持水性能[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2010,5(2):31-38. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FJDL201002007.htm [19] 陈光升,胡庭兴,黄立华,等.华西雨屏区人工竹林凋落物及表层土壤的水源涵养功能研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(1):159-162. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQS200801033.htm [20] 彭耀强,薛立,曹鹤,等.三种阔叶林凋落物的持水特性[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(5):189-200. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQS200605046.htm [21] 时忠杰,张宁南,何常清,等.桉树人工林冠层、凋落物及土壤水文生态效应[J].生态学报,2010,30(7):1932-1939. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXB201007034.htm [22] 龚伟,胡庭兴,王景燕,等.川南天然常绿阔叶林人工更新后枯落物层持水特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(3):51-55. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQS200603013.htm [23] 刘尚华,冯朝阳,吕世海,等.京西百花山区6种植物群落凋落物持水性能研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(6):179-182. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQS200706042.htm [24] 任向荣,薛立,曹鹤,等.3种人工林凋落物的持水特性[J].华南农业大学报,2008,29(3):47-51. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNNB200803010.htm -
点击查看大图
图(3) / 表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 1375
- HTML全文浏览量: 138
- PDF下载量: 315
- 被引次数: 0
