Utilization of Fermented Wolfberry Branch Powder as Substrate for Cultivating Cucumbers
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摘要: 为探讨枸杞枝条粉作为栽培基质的可行性, 试验采用随机区组设计, 以发酵好的枸杞枝条粉为主料, 研究枸杞枝条粉与蛭石、草炭混配基质为栽培基质对黄瓜生长发育的影响。结果表明:枸杞枝条发酵粉:草炭:蛭石=5:2:3和6:2:2基质的干体积质量、总孔隙度、通气孔隙、持水孔隙、气水比与CK基质接近, 且能显著提高黄瓜叶片的叶绿素含量、光合效率、功能叶片PSⅡ潜在活性及光能转化效率, 与CK基质存在无显著差异; 与CK相比, 这2个处理黄瓜的长度、直径、单果质量及产量等也表现良好。枸杞枝条发酵粉:草炭:蛭石=5:2:3和枸杞枝条发酵粉:草炭:蛭石=6:2:2混配基质是黄瓜基质栽培的适宜配方。Abstract: Feasibility of using fermented wolfberry branch powder (FWBP) as the main substrate for cultivating cucumbers was studied.Effects of varied formulations consisting of vermiculite, peat and FWBP were evaluated against the physiological indices and yield of the cucumbers grown on them.The results showed that the substrates with a ratio of FWBP:peat:vermiculite=5:2:3 or 6:2:2 had a similar dry bulk, total porosity, aeration porosity, water-holding porosity and gas/water ratio as CK (i.e., peat:perlite=1:2).Moreover, the two formulations significantly improved the chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, potential activity of functional leaf PSⅡ, and light energy conversion efficiency of the leaves on the cucumber plants.
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Key words:
- fermented wolfberry branch powder /
- substrate material /
- cucumber /
- physiological indices /
- yield
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图 1 枸杞有机复合基质栽培黄瓜后基质地温的变化
注:不同大、小写字母表示Ducan新复极差法比较差异达极显著(P < 0.01)或显著(P < 0.05)水平。下图同。
Figure 1. Temperatures of cultivation media formulated with FWBP
图 2 不同配比枸杞基质对黄瓜结果期功能叶叶绿素及光合速率的影响
Figure 2. Effects of various substrates on functional leaf chlorophyll and photosynthetic rate of cucumber plants during fruiting stage
图 3 不同配比枸杞基质对黄瓜结果期功能叶蒸腾速率和胞间CO2浓度的影响
Figure 3. Effects of various substrates on functional leaf transpiration rate and intercellular CO2 concentration of cucumber plants during fruiting stage
图 4 不同配比枸杞基质对黄瓜结果期叶绿素荧光参数的影响
Figure 4. Effects of substrates with varied formulations on functional leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of cucumber plants during fruiting stage
表 1 不同枸杞枝条粉复合基质的物理性状比较
Table 1. Physical properties of various substrates formulated with FWBP
处理 干体积质量/(g·cm-3) 总孔隙度/% 通气孔隙/% 持水孔隙/% 大小孔隙比 体积收缩率/% 种植前 收获后 种植前 收获后 种植前 收获后 种植前 收获后 种植前 收获后 T1 0.19±0.011 a 0.22±0.011b 63.15±0.788c 60.48±0.232c 17.50±0.155 b 14.34±0.100c 45.65±0.720 ab 46.27±0.018b 0.38±0.008b 0.31±0.017b 8.12±0.050b T2 0.20±0.012 a 0.28±0.014a 64.81±0.709 ab 63.85±0.200ab 17.21±0.190 c 15.84±0.124 b 47.60±0.125a 48.00±0.018a 0.37±0.010b 0.34±0.003ab 7.73±0.134c T3 0.22±0.013 a 0.27±0.013a 64.03±0.575ab 62.93±0.389b 17.12±0.097 c 15.75±0.123 b 46.91±0.680 a 47.18±0.018a 0.36±0.003b 0.33±0.005ab 7.76±0.318c T4 0.18±0.012 a 0.21±0.014b 61.57±0.624 c 59.28±0.199d 17.98±0.070 b 14.20±0.165c 43.59±0.620b 44.94±0.018b 0.41±0.006a 0.32±0.006b 8.60±0.035a T5 0.22±0.011 a 0.24±0.013b 65.74±0.523a 64.77±0.369a 18.04±0.269a 17.34±0.268a 47.69±0.435 a 48.10±0.018a 0.38±0.011b 0.36±0.006 a 6.78±0.006d 适宜范围 0.1~0.8 65~90 20左右 - 1:2~1:4 - 注:多重比较采用Duncan新复极差法, 小写字母表示在0.05水平上显著, 大写字母表示在0.01水平上显著, 下表同。 
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表 2 不同配比枸杞有机复合基质对黄瓜果实形态指标及产量的影响
Table 2. Effects of substrates with varied formulations on fruit morphology and yield of cucumbers
处理 长度/cm 直径/cm 瓜数/个 单果质量/g 产量/(kg·hm-2) T1 26.84±1.13 a 3.10±0.12 b 9.83±0.65 b 211.35±11.25 b 67100.00±22.35 b T2 28.85±1.11 a 3.41±0.13 a 10.30±0.59 a 230.39±10.69 a 72160.00±21.36 a T3 28.50±1.13 a 3.30±0.12 a 10.20±0.51 a 227.92±12.45 a 71865.00±23.75 a T4 26.67±1.31 a 3.02±0.13 b 9.70±0.61 b 209.43±11.42 b 66065.00±22.19 b T5 28.43±1.10 a 3.33±0.11 a 10.32±0.66 a 234.54±11.03 a 72375.00±21.95 a
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