Effect of Humidity on Life of Experimental Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius)
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摘要: 在（32±1）℃，光周期为14 L:10 D条件下，通过组建烟草甲实验种群两性生命表的方法，探讨了不同湿度对烟草甲Lasioderma serricorne（Fabricius）生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明：在50% RH和90% RH条件下，烟草甲未能完成一个世代的发育，90% RH条件下幼虫在1龄全部死亡，50% RH条件下幼虫在2龄全部死亡；而在60% RH、70% RH和80% RH条件下烟草甲均可完成世代发育。卵期长短除70% RH和90% RH外，其余湿度条件下均无明显差异。幼虫发育期在60% RH和70% RH条件下无明显差异；而在80% RH下1、2、3龄发育时期均为最低，分别为8.08 d、6.82 d和7.05 d；60% RH条件下，烟草甲雌成虫寿命最长为25.84 d，80% RH下雄成虫寿命最长为15.25 d；雌成虫产卵前期（2.55 d）、总产卵前期（58.41 d）和产卵期（7.00 d）在80% RH条件下均为最短，60% RH和70% RH条件下无显著差异。60% RH、70% RH和80% RH等3个湿度条件下，繁殖力、特定年龄-龄期阶段的生命期望值（exj）、特定年龄-龄期阶段的生殖价（Vxj）有显著性差异，其中在60% RH条件下均为最大；随着湿度的增加，净增殖率R0逐渐减小分别为37.69、30.65、15.02，内禀增长率r和周限增长率λ分别为0.05、0.05、0.04和1.05、1.05、1.04，均无显著差异；60% RH和70% RH条件下的世代周期T（分别为72.68 d和72.79 d）无显著差异，但均显著长于80% RH（62.80 d）；对烟草甲种群进行预测，结果表明60% RH、70% RH和80% RH等3个湿度条件下烟草甲种群最低虫口数分别出现在60、50、38 d，之后种群数量开始剧增，建议在此期之前应采取防治措施。Abstract: Effects of environmental humidity on the growth, reproduction and survival of the Lasioderma serricorne population in laboratory were studied. Varied relative humidity, i. e., (50±5)%, (60±5)%, (70±5)%, (80±5)% and (90±5)% RH, at (32±1)℃ with a photoperiod of 14-h-L:10-h-D were applied. The results showed that (1) L. serricorne failed to completely develop a single generation under 50% or 90% RH-the first generation larvae died at 90% and the second instar perished at 50%, but it could under the other humidified conditions in the test; (2) there were no significant variations in the egg development time under the tested RHs, except 70% and 90%; (3) the larval developments were similar under 60% and 70% RH, however, at 80% RH, the duration of the 1st stage (i. e., 8.08 d), 2nd stage (i. e., 6.82 d), and 3rd stage (i. e., 7.05 d) were significantly shorter than the others; (4) the longest life span of 25.84 d was found in female adults at 60% RH, and 15.25 d in males at 80% RH; (5) the shortest pre-oviposition period of 2.55 d, the total pre-oviposition period of 58.41 d and the oviposition period of 7.00 d were found when the RH was 80%, but no significant difference at 60% or 70%; (6) there were significant differences on the fecundity, age-stage life expectancy (exj), and age-stage specific reproductive value (Vxj) of the insects reared under 60%, 70% or 80%, and they peaked at 60% RH; (7) the net reproduction rates (R0) decreased from 37.69 at 60% to 30.65 at 70% and 15.02 at 80% RH, whereas, the intrinsic rates of increase (r) and finite rates of increase (λ) showed no significant differences as the RH was altered; (8) there were no significant differences on the generation times (T) of 72.68 d at 60% and 72.79 d at 70% RH, but they were significantly longer than 62.80 d at 80%; and (9) the lowest larval counts were found on the 60th d under 60%, the 50th d under 70% and the 38th d under 80% RH, and escalated significantly afterward suggesting an optimal time for the insect control.
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图 1 不同相对湿度条件下烟草甲的特定年龄-龄期存活率(Sxj)
注：A为50%RH，B为60%RH，C为70%RH，D为80%RH，E为90%RH。
Figure 1. Age-stage specific survival rate (Sxj) of L. serricorne at varied RH
图 3 不同相对湿度条件下烟草甲特定年龄-龄期生命期望值(exj)
Figure 3. Age-stage specific life expectancy (exj) of L. serricorne under varied RH
图 4 不同相对湿度条件下烟草甲特定年龄-龄期生殖价(vxj)
Figure 4. Age-stage specific reproductive value (vxj) of L. serricorne under varied RH
图 5 不同相对湿度条件下烟草甲的种群预测(总种群尺度)
Figure 5. Population projection (total population size) of L. serricorne reared on tobacco at varied RH
图 6 不同相对湿度条件下烟草甲的种群预测(各龄期种群尺度)
Figure 6. Population projection (stage-wise population size) of L.serricorne reared on tobacco at varied RH
表 1 不同湿度下烟草甲卵、幼虫、预蛹和蛹的发育历期
Table 1. Developmental durations of egg, larval and pupal stages of L. serricorne under varied RH
龄期 发育历期/d 60%RH 70%RH 80%RH 卵 6.12±1.54ab(81) 5.64±1.06b(77) 5.81±0.92ab(83) 1龄幼虫 12.86±2.50a(69) 13.31±3.66a(70) 8.08±1.34b(66) 2龄幼虫 14.55±3.42a(65) 13.76±3.00a(70) 6.82±2.70b(50) 3龄幼虫 11.77±3.72a(65) 12.46±3.73a(65) 7.65±3.95b(49) 4~6龄幼虫 15.40±6.30ab(65) 12.58±8.37b(65) 18.96±8.88a(48) 预蛹 1.88±0.38a(65) 1.53±0.59b(64) 1.84±0.51a(46) 蛹 4.40±0.63a(65) 4.22±0.83a(63) 3.93±0.71b(46) 成虫前期 66.86±7.65a(65) 62.68±12.05a(63) 52.52±10.05b(46) 注：同行数据后不同小写字母表示经过LSD法检验差异显著(P＜0.05)；小括号内数字表示试虫存活数。表 2同。 
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表 2 不同湿度下烟草甲的成虫寿命和雌虫繁殖力
Table 2. Adult lifespan and female fecundity of L. serricorne under varied RH
参数 相对湿度 60%RH 70%RH 80%RH 成虫寿命/d 21.42±7.77a(65) 16.81±8.07b(63) 18.48±7.61ab(46) 雌成虫寿命/d 25.84±7.03a(37) 19.29±8.66b(38) 20.91±9.46b(22) 雄成虫寿命/d 15.57±3.86b(28) 13.04±5.27a(25) 16.25±4.56a(24) 产卵前期/d 3.06±0.90a(33) 3.15±0.97a(33) 2.55±1.92a(22) 产卵期/d 9.27±2.14a(33) 8.55±4.40a(33) 7.00±3.28b(22) 产卵量/粒(雌) 110.88±55.68a(33) 92.85±73.93ab(33) 68.32±40.81b(22) 性比(雄：雌) 0.78±0.20b 0.68±0.18b 1.14±0.36a 可育雌虫比率(产雌：总雌) 0.89±0.051b 0.87±0.06b 1.00±0.00a
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表 3 不同湿度下烟草甲的种群参数
Table 3. Population parameters of L. serricorne under varied RH
种群参数 相对湿度 60%RH 70%RH 80%RH 净增殖率(R0) 37.69±6.15a 30.65±6.06a 15.02±3.39b 内禀增长率(r，d-1) 0.05±0.00a 0.05±0.00a 0.04±0.00a 周限增长率(λ，d-1) 1.05 ±0.003a 1.05±0.003a 1.04±0.004a 世代周期(T，d-1) 72.68±1.47a 72.79±2.33a 62.80±3.11b
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