Effects of Temperature on Growth and Physiology of Oncidium
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摘要: 以文心兰切花品种‘金辉’为试验材料，分析了人工模拟不同昼夜温度（昼温/夜温）12/4℃、20/12℃、28/20℃、36/28℃等4种梯度温度条件下，叶绿素、可溶性糖、还原糖、淀粉及脯氨酸（Pro）等含量的影响。结果表明：处理相同时间，28/20℃叶绿素含量最高，36/28℃次之，12/4℃最低；随温度的升高，叶片中可溶性糖含量不断降低，12/4℃、20/12℃叶片中还原糖含量高于28/20℃、36/28℃，假鳞茎中还原糖含量20/12℃最高，12/4℃次之，36/28℃较低；12/4℃处理叶片及假鳞茎中淀粉含量均较高，36/28℃较低，所有处理叶片中淀粉含量均高于假鳞茎；36/28℃处理叶片及假鳞茎中Pro含量均较高，12/4℃次之，20/12℃及28/20℃较低。20/12℃处理利于茎叶生长，但延缓侧芽的萌发；36/28℃侧芽萌发率虽高，但不利于芽的生长和强健；28/20℃利于假鳞茎及其子代侧芽萌发与生长。Abstract: Effects of environmental temperature on the contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugars, reducing sugars, starch and proline (Pro) of the cut flower variety Jinhui of Oncidium were studied. Four day/night temperatures, i.e., 12/4℃, 20/12℃, 28/20℃ and 36/28℃, were applied on the floral plants for a same period prior to the chemical analyses. The results showed that the chlorophyll content peaked at 28/20℃, followed by 36/28℃, and reached the lowest at 12/4℃. Soluble sugars decreased in the leaves as the temperatures rose; and, in the pseudobulbs maximized at 20/12℃, followed by 12/4℃, and minimized at 36/28℃.The leaves contained more reducing sugarsat 12/4℃ or 20/12℃ than at 28/20℃ or 36/28℃; whereas, the pseudobulbs had the highest content at 20/12℃, followed by 12/4℃, and the lowest at 36/28℃. For starch, the content was high at 12/4℃ and low at 36/28℃ in the leaves or the pseudobulbs; and, it was always higher in the leaves than in the pseudobulbs. Pro contents in the leaves and the pseudobulbs were the highe stunder 36/28℃, followed by 12/4℃, and the lowest under 20/12℃ or 28/20℃. The temperature exposure at 20/12℃appeared conducive to the growth of stems and leaves. However, it delayed the starting of the lateral buds. At 36/28℃, the budding was stimulated, but the growth and robustness of the budsseemed disadvantaged. And, at 28/20℃, both lateral bud germination and pseudobulb growth were enhanced.
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Key words:
- Oncidium /
- temperature /
- chlorophyll /
- soluble sugar /
- reducing sugar /
- starch /
- proline
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表 1 温度对文心兰形态的影响
Table 1. Effect of temperature on morphological characteristics of Oncidium
处理 昼温/夜温
/℃叶长
/cm叶宽
/cm茎长
/cm茎围
/cm新芽萌发率
/%新芽长
/cm处理前 29.65±1.14C 2.61±0.04A 5.34±0.24C 3.56±0.31C 0 - 处理35 d 12/4 31.85±0.73AB 2.71±0.06A 5.68±0.22C 3.77±0.19C 0 - 20/12 32.29±0.36A 2.63±0.13A 9.03±0.50A 7.71±0.30A 14.29 2.75 28/20 30.17±1.11BC 2.59±0.04A 8.35±0.28AB 7.15±0.24A 88.89 7.23 36/28 29.94±1.07C 2.57±0.09A 8.05±0.52B 5.51±0.56B 94.44 5.61 注：同列不同大写字母表示不同温度处理间差异达极显著(P < 0.01)水平。 
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表 2 温度对文心兰叶片叶绿素含量的影响
Table 2. Effect of temperature on total chlorophyll content in Oncidium leaves
昼温/夜温
/℃叶绿素含量/(mg·g-1FM) 处理7 d 处理14 d 处理21 d 处理28 d 处理35 d 12/4 0.64±0.03Bab 0.68±0.04Ba 0.62±0.01Cb 0.62±0.01Cb 0.61±0.02Bb 20/12 0.68±0.03Bb 0.67±0.01Bbc 0.72±0.01Ba 0.64±0.01Cc 0.65±0.03Bbc 28/20 0.80±0.02Acd 0.77±0.02Ad 0.86±0.01Ab 0.94±0.02Aa 0.84±0.06Abc 36/28 0.76±0.01Aa 0.73±0.01Aa 0.75±0.03Ba 0.73±0.03Ba 0.65±0.04Bb 注：同列不同大、小写字母分别表示不同温度处理间差异达极显著(P < 0.01)和显著(P < 0.05)水平。表 3～6同。
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表 3 温度对文心兰可溶性糖含量的影响
Table 3. Effects of temperature on soluble sugar contents in Oncidium leaves and pseudobulbs
材料 昼温/夜温
/℃可溶性糖含量/(mg·g-1FM) 处理7 d 处理14 d 处理21 d 处理28 d 处理35 d 叶片 12/4 4.58±0.32Ac 6.76±0.26Ab 7.17±0.45Ab 9.34±0.08Aa 8.66±0.44Aa 20/12 3.85±0.16Bc 4.21±0.18Bc 4.80±0.24Bb 5.71±0.53Ba 5.24±0.20Bab 28/20 2.18±0.05Ce 3.16±0.16Cc 3.44±0.06Cb 4.08±0.15Ca 2.45±0.09Cd 36/28 2.24±0.05Cb 2.14±0.23Db 2.26±0.10Cb 2.65±0.10Da 2.27±0.09Cb 假鳞茎 12/4 5.23±0.85Ab 5.81±0.11ABab 6.53±0.18Aa 5.64±0.41Bb 5.50±0.28Bb 20/12 4.86±0.23ABc 6.19±0.49Ab 6.22±0.02Bb 7.38±0.16Aa 6.65±0.50Ab 28/20 4.27±0.13Bc 5.57±0.29Ba 5.47±0.10Cab 5.15±0.33Bb 5.23±0.11Bb 36/28 4.34±0.05Ba 3.27±0.22Cb 3.10±0.22Db 2.94±0.15Cbc 2.54±0.27Cd
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表 4 温度对文心兰还原糖含量的影响
Table 4. Effects of temperature on reducing sugar contents in Oncidium leaves and pseudobulbs
材料 昼温/夜温
/℃还原糖含量/(mg·g-1FM) 处理7 d 处理14 d 处理21 d 处理28 d 处理35 d 叶片 12/4 6.67±0.05Bc 6.74±0.45Ac 10.43±02Ab 10.41±0.20Ab 12.88±0.72Aa 20/12 7.06±0.35Aa 7.07±0.81Aa 6.86±0.16Ba 7.30±0.23Ba 7.31±0.40Ba 28/20 5.15±0.13Ca 4.64±0.24Bb 3.21±0.18Cd 4.26±0.21Cc 2.61±0.17Ce 36/28 3.60±0.05Da 2.95±0.07Cc 3.21±0.03Cb 3.33±0.04Db 3.26±0.12Cb 假鳞茎 12/4 10.07±0.48Bc 9.85±0.03Bc 12.35±0.47Ba 10.96±0.14Bb 10.73±0.09Bb 20/12 11.97±0.19Ab 12.50±0.75Ab 13.24±0.46Aa 13.34±0.13Aa 13.62±0.37Aa 28/20 9.13±0.41Ca 9.42±0.27Ba 9.46±0.47Ca 9.45±0.16Ca 9.03±0.24Ca 36/28 5.56±0.38Dab 5.83±0.02Ca 5.17±0.23Db 3.39±0.11Dc 3.77±0.17Dc
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表 5 温度对文心兰淀粉含量的影响
Table 5. Effects of temperature on starch contents in Oncidium leaves and pseudobulbs
材料 昼温/夜温
/℃淀粉含量/(mg·g-1FM) 处理7 d 处理14 d 处理21 d 处理28 d 处理35 d 叶片 12/4 10.36±0.46Ac 9.79±0.91Ac 8.38±0.45Ad 13.47±0.63Aa 11.87±0.92Ab 20/12 8.81±0.29Ba 6.45±0.36BCc 9.01±0.45Aa 7.78±0.42Bb 9.23±0.17Ba 28/20 7.76±0.22Cab 7.29±0.31Bb 6.41±0.44Bc 7.69±0.26Bab 8.01±0.05Ca 36/28 8.00±0.23Ca 5.93±0.19Cc 5.68±0.26Bc 5.67±0.59Cc 6.92±0.65Db 假鳞茎 12/4 5.49±0.17Aa 4.85±0.21Ab 4.87±0.01Ab 4.26±0.27Ac 5.22±0.36Aab 20/12 5.11±0.30Aa 4.12±0.23Bc 4.64±0.19Ab 3.86±0.11Ac 4.17±0.09Bc 28/20 4.51±0.03Ba 3.73±0.09Cb 3.39±0.21Bb 2.42±0.24Cd 2.91±0.30Cc 36/28 4.20±0.23Ba 4.07±0.05Ba 3.28±0.12Bb 2.83±0.05Bc 2.96±0.08Cc
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表 6 温度对文心兰Pro含量的影响
Table 6. Effects of temperature on Pro contents in Oncidium leaves and pseudobulbs
材料 昼温/夜温
/℃Pro含量/(μg·g-1FM) 处理7 d 处理14 d 处理21 d 处理28 d 处理35 d 叶片 12/4 22.44±2.15Ab 27.28±2.16Ba 29.66±1.29Ba 17.74±0.54Bc 18.58±2.39Bc 20/12 17.56±2.34Ba 16.46±0.98Da 17.82±1.06Ca 18.26±0.88Ba 18.01±0.86Ba 28/20 22.97±1.62Aa 22.07±0.64Ca 19.49±0.29Cb 18.79±1.05Bb 14.58±1.54Cc 36/28 22.62±1.16Ad 30.25±1.08Ac 38.00±0.61Ab 39.70±2.83Ab 57.61±2.16Aa 假鳞茎 12/4 29.31±1.49Ac 26.34±1.76Bc 34.51±3.10Bb 39.25±0.37Ba 21.46±2.88Bd 20/12 19.02±1.76Ba 18.84±1.01Ca 20.67±0.33Ca 13.17±1.00Cb 11.04±1.00Dc 28/20 18.65±1.31Bb 17.19±1.00Cb 21.45±1.14Ca 14.67±0.69Cc 13.58±1.18Cc 36/28 27.19±1.02Ad 49.27±2.36Abc 53.60±2.98Aab 46.11±1.95Ac 54.43±3.25Aa
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