Male Sterilization of Brassica napus Induced by Sulfonylurea Herbicides
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摘要: 为筛选新型高效化学杂交剂，更好地利用油菜化学杀雄杂种优势，利用5种磺酰脲类除草剂（烟嘧磺隆、苄嘧磺隆、酰嘧磺隆、苯磺隆和胺苯磺隆）对甘蓝型油菜雄性不育诱导效果及农艺和产量性状的影响进行探讨；结果表明：胺苯磺隆对甘蓝型油菜没有杀雄效果，烟嘧磺隆、苄嘧磺隆、酰嘧磺隆和苯磺隆均可诱导甘蓝型油菜雄性不育；其中烟嘧磺隆、苄嘧磺隆对油菜雄性不育诱导效果较差，平均全不育株率仅为30.8%、21.0%，而平均半不育株率和药害株率却高达56.4%、63.4%和18.4%、20.0%，对农艺和产量性状负面影响较大；酰嘧磺隆、苯磺隆对甘蓝型油菜雄性不育诱导效果较好，在涂茎和喷雾处理下，平均不育株率分别达到96.55%、97.90%，平均全不育株率分别高达88.55%、92.51%，与目前在油茶上应用最广泛的化学杀雄剂SX-1（对照）比较，农艺和产量性状差异不显著，通过对这2种药剂的制剂类型、助剂及喷施技术进一步优化，可望广泛应用于油菜化学杀雄杂种优势利用。Abstract: To search for a new, efficient chemical hybridizing agent (CHA), 5 sulfonylurea herbicides (i.e., nicosulfuron, bensulfuron, amidosulfuron, tribenuron and ethametsulfuron) were evaluated. The effects of the agents on inducing male sterility as well as agronomic properties and yield traits of Brassica napus were determined for the analysis. The results showed that, aside from ethametsulfuron, these agents indeed turned the fertile rapeseeds sterile. The induction by nicosulfuron or bensulfuron was less effective, with an average complete male sterility rate merely 30.8% for nicosulfuron and 21.0% for bensulfuron. But their incomplete male sterility and the phytotoxicity rates reached 56.4% and 63.4%, respectively, for nicosulfuron, and 18.4% and 20.0%, respectively, for bensulfuron, which exerted a significant negative effect on agronomic traits and seed yield on B. napus. On the other hand, amidosulfuron and tribenuron were most effective with their average male sterility rates that reached 96.55% and 97.9%, respectively, and the average complete male sterility rate 88.55% and 92.51%, respectively, according to the results obtained by the stem-smearing and spraying methods. In addition, the latter two agents did not carry any significant differences from CK1 on the agronomic traits or seed yield. Therefore, amidosulfuron and tribenuron were expected to be applied in the heterosis utilization of chemical hybridizing of B. napus after further optimization on the preparation, additives and application of the agents.
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Key words:
- sulfonylurea /
- herbicides /
- Brassica napus L. /
- male sterility
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表 1 5种药剂在甘蓝型油菜上的处理质量浓度
Table 1. Concentration of CHAs applied on B. napus
代号 药剂 第一次处理 第二次处理 质量浓度/(mg·L-1) 质量浓度/(mg·L-1) T1 烟嘧磺隆(75%WDG) 26 28 30 32 34 32 34 36 T2 苄嘧磺隆(60%WDG) 18 20 22 24 26 22 24 26 T3 酰嘧磺隆(50%WDG) 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.2 T4 苯磺隆(75%WDG) 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.2 T5 胺苯磺隆(25%WP) 100 110 120 130 140 200 200 200 
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表 2 5种药剂涂茎法诱导甘蓝型油菜雄性不育效果
Table 2. Effect of stem-smearing method for CHAs application on male sterility of B. napus
药剂 适宜质量浓度/(mg·L-1) 全不育株率/% 半不育株率/% 可育株率/% 不育株率/% 药害株率/% 自交结实/(粒·角-1) 异交结实/(粒·角-1) 视野花粉数/粒 花粉畸形率/% 花粉活力/% 育性时间/d T1 30+32 23.50 64.20 12.30 87.70b 18.50b 6.20 13.21c 24.5 46 57 14 T2 22+24 35.25 60.50 4.20 95.80a 21.30a 7.60 13.56c 27.8 42 60 12 T3 0.6+0.8 93.50 8.50 0 100a 8.26c 0.15 15.30ab 14.3 95 0.5 19 T4 0.6+0.8 94.80 5.20 0 100a 7.20d 0 14.78b 12.4 98 0 20 T5 140+200 0 0 100 0c 0f 12.35 15.73a 37.8 2.6 94 - CK1 5.0+5.5 100 0 0 100a 1.75e 0 15.36ab 11.6 100 0 22 CK2 0 0 0 100 0c 0f 12.50 15.84a 36.5 2.4 93 - 注：①同列数据后不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P＜0.05)；②T1为烟嘧磺隆(75%WDG)，T2为苄嘧磺隆(60%WDG)，T3为酰嘧磺隆(50%WDG)，T4为苯磺隆(75%WDG)，T5为胺苯磺隆(25%EC)，CK1为SX-1涂茎处理对照；CK2为涂抹等量的食用油对照。表 3、4同。
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表 3 5种药剂喷雾法诱导甘蓝型油菜雄性不育效果
Table 3. Effect of spraying method for CHAs application on male sterility of B.napus
药剂 适宜质量浓度/(mg·L-1) 全不育株率/% 半不育株率/% 可育株率/% 不育株率/% 药害株率/% 自交结实/(粒·角-1) 异交结实/(粒·角-1) 视野花粉数/粒 花粉畸形率/% 花粉活力/% 育性时间/d T1 32+34 18.50 62.60 18.90 81.10b 21.50 5.26 13.11b 26.0 55 48 12 T2 24+26 26.35 52.30 21.40 78.60b 15.50 4.35 13.80b 29.4 47 55 13 T3 0.8+1.0 83.60 10.50 6.90 93.10a 8.20 0.25 15.60a 15.2 93 1.5 17 T4 0.8+1.0 90.22 5.60 4.20 95.80a 7.50 0.12 16.14a 16.3 96 0.6 18 T5 140+200 0 0 100 0c 0 13.25 16.4a 36.5 2.8 94 - CK3 5.5+6.5 93.14 5.30 1.50 98.50a 1.10 0 15.86a 14.6 100 0 20 CK4 0 0 0 100 0c 0 13.10 16.22a 37.6 3.3 95 - 注：CK3为SX-1喷雾处理对照，CK4为喷施等量清水对照，表 4同。
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表 4 5种药剂处理对甘蓝型油菜农艺性状及结实的影响
Table 4. Effect of 5 CHAs on agronomic characteristics and seed setting of B.napus
处理药剂 涂茎 喷雾 株高/cm 一次分枝数/个 主序长/cm 花期/(月-日) 角果数/个 角粒数/(粒·角-1) 千粒重/g 株高/cm 一次分枝数/个 主序长/cm 花期/(月-日) 角果数/个 角粒数/(粒·角-1) 千粒重/g T1 123.45b 7.2b 40.25c 01-25~02-18 253.5c 10.22e 3.30a 131.25b 9.68ab 43.40c 04-07~05-05 260.40c 12.25d 3.24a T2 130.20b 7.5a 38.75c 01-25~02-18 248.3c 11.35d 3.24ab 136.20b 10.22a 41.20c 04-08~05-05 270.32c 11.50e 3.15ab T3 138.35a 7.0b 50.10b 01-24~02-17 264.2b 12.02c 3.15ab 147.50a 9.12bc 55.26b 04-07~05-03 296.25b 13.38c 3.02b T4 142.20a 7.6a 53.22a 01-24~02-16 262.0b 13.50b 3.11b 145.20a 9.36b 57.10ab 04-07~05-03 302.20b 14.10b 2.88bc T5 148.51a 7.4a 54.12a 01-22~02-14 287.25a 14.27a 3.1b 149.45a 8.86c 60.12a 04-05~05-02 325.2a 15.6a 2.8bc CK1 145.14a 7.4a 54.68a 01-23~02-15 270.4ab 13.25b 3.02b - - - - - - - CK2 147.23a 7.5a 55.36a 01-22~02-14 284.6a 14.65a 2.85c - - - - - - - CK3 - - - - - - - 147.24a 9.25b 56.35b 04-06~05-02 320.12a 14.35b 2.95b CK4 - - - - - - - 152.63a 8.70c 59.6ab 04-05~05-02 326.70a 15.84a 2.72c
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