Physiological Responses and Tolerance of Varieties of Anthurium andraeanum to Low Temperature
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摘要: 以粉冠军、骄阳、维多3个红掌品种为试材，研究不同品种红掌对低温胁迫的生理响应及耐冷性强弱，对低温胁迫下对红掌叶片细胞膜透性、丙二醛（MDA）含量、叶绿素a（Chla）、叶绿素b（Chlb）、叶绿素总量（Chl）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的影响进行测定，并使用隶属函数法和主成分分析法对3个红掌的耐冷性进行综合评价。结果表明：随着低温胁迫时间的延长，红掌细胞膜透性不断增大，电导率提高128.20%~160.60%，MDA含量增加1.39~2.05倍，叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总量先上升后下降再上升。骄阳在低温胁迫下CAT和POD活性稳定，膜透性较低，叶绿素下降幅度小；而维多和粉冠军在低温胁迫下，细胞膜透性和MDA含量显著增加，抗氧化酶活性较不稳定。最终认为骄阳的耐冷性最强，粉冠军次之，维多最弱。Abstract: Physiological responses and low temperature tolerance of 3 varieties of Anthurium andraeanum, Pink Champion, Sierra and Vito, were studied. Under low temperature stress, the cell membrane permeability (CMP), the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), chlorophyll a (Chla), chlorophyll b (Chlb) and chlorophyll (Chl), and the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in leaves of the plants were determined and analyzed by the membership function method and the principal component analysis.The results showed that the CMP increased with prolonged stress, the relative electrolytic leakage (REC) increased by 128.20%-160.60%, and the MDA was 1.39-2.05 times of pre-treatment.Chla, Chlb and Chl increased initially, then decreased and followed by an increase. The CAT and SOD of Sierra was stable with low CMP and a slight decline on chlorophyll. Whereas, the CMP and MDA of Pink Champion and Vito increased significantly but unstable on the antioxidant activities. It appeared that Sierra was most cold resistant, and followed by Pink Champion, and Vito.
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Key words:
- Anthurium andraeanum /
- low temperature stress /
- cold tolerance
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图 1 低温胁迫对红掌叶片相对电导率的影响
Figure 1. Effect of low temperature on relative electric conductivity of A. andraenum leaves
图 2 低温胁迫对红掌叶片MDA含量的影响
Figure 2. Effect of low temperature on MDA content of A. andraenum leaves
图 3 低温胁迫对红掌叶片形态的影响
注：A为粉冠军低温胁迫0 h，B为粉冠军低温胁迫24 h，C为粉冠军低温胁迫72 h。
Figure 3. Effect of low temperature on morphology of A. andraenum leaves
图 4 低温胁迫对红掌叶片叶绿素含量的影响
Figure 4. Effect of low temperature on Chla content of A. andraenum leaves
图 5 低温胁迫对红掌叶片CAT活性的影响
Figure 5. Effect of low temperature on CAT activity of A. andraenum leaves
图 6 低温胁迫对红掌叶片POD活性的影响
Figure 6. Effect of low temperature on POD activity of A. andraenum leaves
图 7 低温胁迫对红掌叶片SOD活性的影响
Figure 7. Effect of low temperature on SOD activity of A. andraenum leaves
表 1 低温胁迫下不同品种红掌叶片相对电导率多重比较
Table 1. Multiple comparison on relative conductivity of 3 varieties of A. andraeanum under low temperature stress
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表 2 低温胁迫下不同品种红掌叶片MDA含量多重比较
Table 2. Multiple comparison on MDA content of 3 varieties of A. andraenum under low temperature stress
胁迫水平/h MDA含量/(μmol·g-1) 粉冠军 骄阳 维多 0 1.3229 Aa 2.8284 Bbc 1.5580 ABa 12 2.2179 Bb 3.9390 Cd 1.4474 Aa 24 2.3292 Bb 2.5750 ABbc 2.0556 ABCab 36 2.7064 Bb 2.3046 ABabc 2.2217 BCbc 48 2.0501 ABb 1.9145 Aab 2.3484 BCc 72 2.6917 Bb 1.8223 Aa 2.4006 Cc
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表 3 低温胁迫下不同品种红掌叶片叶绿素含量多重比较
Table 3. Multiple comparison on Chl content of 3 varieties of A. andraenum under low temperature stress
项目 胁迫水平/h 叶绿素含量/(mg·g-1) 粉冠军 骄阳 维多 Chla 0 9.3568 Bb 10.7143 Bb 11.9522 Aa 12 11.4826 Cc 8.0097 Aa 10.9221 Aa 24 10.6306 BCbc 11.1788 BCbc 12.0007 Aa 36 7.5375 Aa 11.9632 Cc 12.6292 Aa 48 9.5197 Bb 11.9468 BCbc 11.99746 Aa 72 11.1286 BCc 10.4956 Bb 11.4814 Aa Chlb 0 3.1781 Aa 3.7342 Aa 3.9759 Aa 12 4.0434 ABab 3.8993 Aa 4.3141 Aa 24 3.9566 ABab 4.0270 Aa 4.3326 Aa 36 3.3146 Aa 4.2083 Aa 3.7429 Aa 48 3.7620 ABab 4.1743 Aa 3.8170 Aa 72 4.4274 Bb 8.0065 Bb 3.8605 Aa Chl 0 15.4998 ABb 19.3516 Aba 16.0310 Aa 12 15.4015 Cc 17.1297 Aa 15.9720 Aa 24 14.4277 BCbc 16.9112 ABab 15.8997 Aa 36 13.5771 Aa 15.4713 BCb 15.8351 Aa 48 12.9148 BCbc 14.7695 BCb 15.7780 Aa 72 10.7861 BCc 14.3355 Cc 15.6211 Aa
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表 4 低温胁迫下3种红掌叶片CAT活性多重比较
Table 4. Multiple comparison on CAT activity of 3 varieties of A. andraenum under low temperature stress
胁迫水平/h CAT活性/(△OD240·min-1·g-1) 粉冠军 骄阳 维多 0 109.0933 Bb 76.6244 BCbc 152.3156 CDc 12 71.2800 Aa 69.1289 BCb 113.3522 ABab 24 59.7244 ABab 99.6067 Dd 109.3689 Aa 36 54.6711 Cc 83.8156 Cc 147.7133 Cc 48 52.7267 Aa 44.2467 Aa 165.2067 Dd 72 51.9556 Aa 67.3444 Bb 124.9667 Bb
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表 5 低温胁迫下不同品种红掌叶片POD活性多重比较
Table 5. Multiple comparison on POD activity of 3 varieties of A. andraenum under low temperature stress
胁迫水平/h POD活性/(△OD470·min-1·g-1) 粉冠军 骄阳 维多 0 107.8889 Aa 265.2222 ABabc 402.8889 Cc 12 175.4444 Bb 261.6667 Aa 298.5556 Bb 24 516.6667 Cc 228.3333 ABab 234.0000 Aa 36 535.1111 Cc 288.3333 Bc 233.7778 Aa 48 768.3333 Dd 308.1111 Bbc 389.4444 Cc 72 786.1000 Dd 263.3333 ABab 300.5555 Bb
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表 6 低温胁迫下不同品种红掌叶片SOD活性多重比较
Table 6. Multiple comparison on SOD activity of 3 varieties of A. andraenum under low temperature stress
胁迫水平/h SOD活性/(U·g-1 FW) 粉冠军 骄阳 维多 0 82.7389 Bb 61.6611 Aa 88.6452 Cc 12 25.7905 Aa 73.2296 Aa 39.0526 Aa 24 156.4600 Dd 110.3843 Bb 58.2591 Bb 36 113.2455 Cc 148.7357 Cc 72.9114 BCb 48 105.4511 Cc 151.6964 Cc 65.7071 Bb 72 101.8598 Cc 154.8332 Cc 88.8280 Cc
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表 7 低温胁迫下红掌生理生化指标相关系数矩阵
Table 7. Correlation matrix of physiological and biochemical indices of A. andraenum under low temperature
指标 REC Chla Chlb Chl POD CAT SOD MDA REC 1.000 Chla 0.106 1.000 Chlb -0.427 0.854 1.000 Chl -0.266 0.930 0.985 1.000 POD -0.983 -0.289 0.252 0.082 1.000 CAT 0.744 -0.585 -0.922 -0.842 -0.607 1.000 SOD 0.211 0.994 0.793 0.886 -0.389 -0.496 1.000 MDA -0.203 -0.995 -0.799 -0.890 0.381 0.503 -1.000 1.000
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表 8 低温胁迫下红掌生理生化指标的隶属函数分析
Table 8. Subordinate function analysis on physiological and biochemical indices of A. andraenum under low temperature
品种 隶属函数值 平均隶属函数值 排序 REC Chla Chlb Chl POD CAT SOD MDA 粉冠军 0.000 0.297 0.785 0.627 1.000 0.000 0.197 0.794 0.463 2 骄阳 0.867 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.000 0.202 1.000 0.000 0.634 1 维多 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.071 1.000 0.000 1.000 0.384 3
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表 9 低温胁迫下红掌生理生化指标的特征值和贡献率
Table 9. Eigenvalue and contribution rate of physiological and biochemical indices of A. andraenum under low temperature
各单项指标 第1主成分 第二主成分 REC -0.187 0.982 Chla 0.957 0.290 Chlb 0.968 -0.251 Chl 0.997 -0.081 POD 0.001 -1.000 CAT -0.795 0.606 SOD 0.921 0.390 MDA -0.924 -0.382 特征值 5.215 2.785 贡献率/% 65.191 34.809 累计贡献率/% 100.000
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表 10 低温胁迫下红掌生理生化指标的主成分得分和综合评分
Table 10. Principal component and comprehensive scores on physiological and biochemical indices of A. andraenum under low temperature
品种 主成分1 主成分2 综合得分 排序 粉冠军 0.17 -1.92 -0.56 2 骄阳 2.19 1.07 1.8 1 维多 -2.36 0.85 -1.24 3
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