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罗汉果组培苗高产栽培技术研究

秦洪波 王新桂 郭伦发 江新能 韦婉羚 伍玲琼 陶兴来

秦洪波, 王新桂, 郭伦发, 江新能, 韦婉羚, 伍玲琼, 陶兴来. 罗汉果组培苗高产栽培技术研究[J]. 福建农业学报, 2019, 34(2): 198-203. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.02.009
引用本文: 秦洪波, 王新桂, 郭伦发, 江新能, 韦婉羚, 伍玲琼, 陶兴来. 罗汉果组培苗高产栽培技术研究[J]. 福建农业学报, 2019, 34(2): 198-203. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.02.009
QIN Hong-bo, WANG Xin-gui, GUO Lun-fa, JIANG Xin-neng, WEI Wan-ling, WU Ling-qiong, TAO Xing-lai. High-yield Cultivation of Momordica grosvenorii from Plantlets[J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 34(2): 198-203. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.02.009
Citation: QIN Hong-bo, WANG Xin-gui, GUO Lun-fa, JIANG Xin-neng, WEI Wan-ling, WU Ling-qiong, TAO Xing-lai. High-yield Cultivation of Momordica grosvenorii from Plantlets[J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 34(2): 198-203. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.02.009

罗汉果组培苗高产栽培技术研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.02.009
基金项目: 

广西科技重大专项 桂科AA17202037-8

详细信息
    作者简介:

    秦洪波(1985-), 男, 硕士, 助理研究员, 研究方向:果树栽培与推广(E-mail:48326596@qq.com)

    通讯作者:

    郭伦发(1973-), 男, 硕士, 副研究员, 研究方向:果树栽培与推广(E-mail:37623630@qq.com)

  • 中图分类号: S665.9

High-yield Cultivation of Momordica grosvenorii from Plantlets

  • 摘要:   目的  通过研究不同种植时间、不同移栽方式以及不同授粉时间等对罗汉果组培苗生长的影响,探明罗汉果组培苗高产栽培关键技术,为罗汉果组培苗推广发展提供参考和理论依据。  方法  设置5个不同的种植时间、4种不同的移栽方式、两种天气情况下6个不同的授粉时间以及3种不同的花粉贮存方式,研究罗汉果组培苗生长。  结果  随着种植时间的推移,罗汉果的裂果率逐渐增加,6月上旬尤为严重,综合考虑4月下旬种植最为理想;在4种不同移栽方式中,将小苗由小营养钵转到大钵继续在温室大棚中培育至4月中旬气温相对较高时再移栽大田定植产量最高且果径最大;在对罗汉果进行授粉时以阴凉天气下10:00效果最佳,并且将罗汉果花粉保存在5~8℃冰箱之中可以延长花粉的活性至3 d。  结论  在桂北地区发展种植罗汉果组培苗,首先组培小苗需要转大钵在温棚培育,并在4月上旬至5月中旬种植,由此可以提早上棚、显蕾、开花结果;采集的花粉应当保存在5~8℃冰箱,并在阴凉天气8:00~10:00完成授粉。
  • 表  1  不同种植时间对植株生长和产量的影响

    Table  1.   Effect of planting period on plant growth and yield

    种植时间
    Planting time
    上棚时间
    Sheding time
    /(mm-dd)
    开花时间
    Flowering time
    /(mm-dd)
    果实成熟时间
    Fruit ripening
    time
    平均株产个数
    Average number
    of plants
    幼苗死苗率
    Seedling mortality
    /%
    裂果率
    Dehiscent rate
    /%
    3月中旬 In the middle of march06-1307-1610月上旬59±9.42b11.63±2.27a1.87±0.31b
    4月上旬Early april06-2208-0310月中旬68±4.32ab5.32±0.47b2.02±0.15b
    4月下旬In late april06-2808-1010月下旬73±5.89a4.65±0.36bc2.61±0.06b
    5月中旬In middle may07-1408-1510月下旬66±8.64ab2.12±0.23d5.47±0.42b
    6月上旬 In early june07-2308-2111月下旬57±4.97b2.84±0.24cd26.36±4.09a
    注:同列数据后不同小写字母表示在0.05水平下差异显著。表 2~4同。
    Note:Different lowercase letters in a same column represent significant difference at 5% level. The same as table 2-4.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同移栽方式方式对植株生长和产量的影响

    Table  2.   Effects of cultivation practice on plant growth and yield

    移栽方式
    Management
    style
    上棚前日均生长量
    Average daily growth
    before shed/cm
    上棚时间
    Sheding
    time
    显蕾时间
    Flower
    buds time
    初花时间
    First flowering
    time
    盛花期
    Flowering
    time
    平均株产个数
    Average number
    of plants
    果径
    Fruit diameter
    /cm
    T14.06±0.59a5月上旬
    Early May
    5月中下旬
    Mid-to-tate May
    6月中旬
    Mid-June
    6月下旬
    Late June
    73±7.26a5.47±0.50a
    T23.13±0.61b6月上旬
    Early June
    6月下旬
    Late June
    7月中旬
    Mid-July
    7月下旬
    Late July
    68±6.48a5.14±0.11ab
    T33.00±0.28b6月上旬
    Early June
    6月下旬
    Late June
    7月中旬
    Mid-July
    7月下旬
    Late July
    66±2.16a5.30±0.19a
    T41.89±0.25c6月下旬
    Late June
    7月下旬
    Late July
    8月中旬
    Mid-August
    8月下旬
    Late August
    57±3.56b4.79±0.11b
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  不同时间授粉对坐果、成果和果径的影响

    Table  3.   Effects of pollinating time on fruit setting, fruiting and size

    不同授粉时间
    Different
    pollination time
    坐果率
    Fruit-set
    rate/%
    成果率
    Fruit-result
    rate/%
    果径
    Fruit diameter
    /cm
    阴凉天气 Cool weather
    8:0080.3±1.69a74.1±1.35ab5.43±0.18abc
    10:0082.0±2.16a79.2±7.59a5.71±0.11a
    12:0081.1±2.28a76.3±4.46ab5.53±0.21ab
    14:0080.5±1.95a71.0±4.32bc5.15±0.20cde
    16:0065.3±5.12c66.3±4.61cd4.86±0.10efg
    18:0058.2±6.09d60.6±2.41de5.07±0.13def
    高温干燥天气 Hot dry weather
    8:0080.0±1.59a70.3±1.43bc5.29±0.23bcd
    10:0079.1±1.28a71.2±1.30bc4.96±0.21ef
    12:0072.1±4.41b69.1±0.83bc4.88±0.08efg
    14:0060.2±5.37cd58.6±4.52e4.77±0.15fgh
    16:0052.3±6.45e50.4±3.15f4.52±0.33h
    18:0048.7±3.51e50.3±5.75f4.61±0.07gh
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  雄花不同贮存方式及不同贮存时间授粉对坐果率、成果率和果径的影响

    Table  4.   Effects of male flower storage and duration on pollination, fruit setting, fruiting and size

    不同存贮方式
    Different storage
    methods
    存贮天数
    Storage
    days/d
    坐果率
    Fruit-set
    rate/%
    成果率
    Fruit-result
    rate/%
    果径
    Fruit diameter
    /cm
    5~8℃冰箱
    5~8℃ refrigerator
    182.6±1.84a75.1±4.61a5.47±0.13ab
    278.5±1.06b73.4±1.87a5.01±0.14c
    369.3±2.62c62.1±2.12b5.31±0.24b
    427.4±2.05e23.6±3.18d4.66±0.28d
    阴凉天气室内
    Cool weather indoor
    181.8±0.85a78.3±1.63a5.63±0.09a
    233.6±2.19d28.7±3.32c5.28±0.11b
    30.0±0.00g--
    高温干燥天气室内
    Hot dry weather indoor
    180.6±1.36ab77.5±4.86a5.30±0.16b
    24.6±1.64f4.6±1.22e4.87±0.16cd
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2018-11-12
  • 修回日期:  2019-01-24
  • 刊出日期:  2019-02-28

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