Dust Retention and Photosynthesis of Eight Species of Arbor Trees
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摘要:
目的 研究青岛市城阳区道路绿地8种乔木的滞尘能力及其与光合作用的关系，为城市园林绿化提供科学依据。 方法 通过洗脱法对8种乔木的滞尘能力进行测定，用JEOL7500F电子显微镜进行叶表面结构的观测，用光合仪对滞尘后的光合速率进行测定。 结果 8种乔木秋季雨后平均单位叶面积滞尘量大小表现为：紫叶李Prunus cerasifera >悬铃木Platanus orientalis >女贞Ligustrum lucidum >洋白蜡Fraxinus pennsylvanica >毛白杨Populus tomentosa >国槐Sophora japonica >栾树Koelreuteria paniculata >绦柳Salix matsudana。8种乔木滞尘后，植物叶片的净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度和蒸腾速率普遍受到抑制，在连续滞尘60 d内，8种乔木的净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度和蒸腾速率普遍呈现明显下降趋势，在滞尘后期均有一定程度地恢复。8种乔木光合特征参数损失最大的是女贞，其次是绦柳和国槐，栾树和紫叶李的光合特征参数损失率较小。8种乔木叶片光合特征参数损失率与单位叶面积滞尘量的相关分析表明，多项式方程拟合效果较好，r值均较高。 结论 紫叶李滞尘能力最强，绦柳最弱；绦柳、女贞和国槐叶片对于大气颗粒物的抗性较差，栾树和紫叶李对于大气颗粒物的抗性强，具有较强的抗粉尘污染能力；8种乔木光合特征参数损失率与滞尘量均存在着明显的正相关关系，植物叶片滞尘量越大，光合损失越多，各种光合特征参数也显示出很强的正相关性。 Abstract:objective Photosynthesis in relation to dust retention of leaves on 8 species of arbor trees in the city of Qingdao was studied for urban landscape planning. methods The 8 species planted on the greenbelt at Chengyang District in the city were tested for their dust retention capabilities by means of water elution. Before and after a dust collecting period, surface of the tree leaves was examined under a JEOL7500F electron microscope, and the photosynthetic rate determined by a photosynthesis instrument. results The average dust retained per unit leaf area of the trees after an autumn rain ranked in the order of Prunus cerasifera > Platanus orientalis > Ligustrum lucidum > Fraxinus pennsylvanica > Populus tomentosa > Sophora japonica > Koelreuteria paniculata > Salix matsudana. In general, the net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the leaves all declined after a dust covering. In 60 days of continuous dust-fall on the leaves, these indicators steadily decreased and recovered only to some extent after dust removal. The greatest losses on photosynthesis among the 8 species occurred upon L. lucidum, followed by T. tapeanum and R. japonica. The losses by percentage were relatively low for K. paniculata and P. cerasifera. A correlation analysis showed a best fitted model between the rate of photosynthetic losses and the dust retention per unit leaf area for the 8 species to be a polynomial equation. conclusion Among the species, P. cerasifera exhibited the greatest dust retention capability, while S. matsudana the least. The leaves of S. matsudana, L. lucidum and R. japonica were poor in resisting atmospheric dust, while those of L. lucidum and P. cerasifera seemed strong. A significant correlation between the rate of photosynthesis loss and dust retention of tree leaves was found for the 8 species. The more dust covered the leaves, the greater degree of tree photosynthesis was in jeopardy. There also were significant correlations among the various photosynthetic indicators of the tree leaves. -
图 1 8种乔木单位叶面积滞尘量
注：图中A~H分别为紫叶李、悬铃木、女贞、洋白蜡、毛白杨、国槐、栾树、绦柳。图中不同小写字母表示不同植物之间存在显著差异(P＜0.05)。图 2同。
Figure 1. Dust retention per leaf surface area of 8 species of arbor trees
Note:A-H: Prunus cerasifera, Platanus orientalis, Ligustrum lucidum, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Populus tomentosa, Sophora japonica, Koelreuteria paniculata, Salix matsudana.Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at 0.05 level.The same as Fig. 2
表 1 8种乔木叶片光合特征参数损失率
Table 1. Percentage photosynthesis losses of leaves on 8 species of arbor trees
植物
Plant光合参数损失率
Photosynthetic parameter loss rate/%△Pn △Ci △Gs △E 悬铃木 Platanus orientalis 21.78 18.78 20.12 18.78 女贞 Ligustrum lucidum 35.94 33.32 37.35 33.32 国槐 Sophora japonica 29.56 29.44 31.44 29.44 洋白蜡 Fraxinus pennsylvanica 17.86 19.65 19.71 20.65 绦柳 Salix matsudana 32.73 28.14 30.14 28.14 毛白杨 Populus tomentosa 24.52 27.14 26.57 27.14 栾树 Koelreuteria paniculata 11.56 12.32 14.62 12.32 紫叶李 Prunus cerasifera 15.87 17.75 14.65 17.75 
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表 2 植物叶片光合特征损失率与滞尘量的关系
Table 2. Correlation between percentage photosynthesis loss and dust retention of tree leaves
植物
Plant光合特征损失率与滞尘量的相关系数
Correlation between the loss of photosynthetic characteristics and the amount of dust△Pn △Ci △Gs △E 毛白杨 Populus tomentosa 0.9261 0.9745 0.9944 0.7112 悬铃木 Platanus orientalis 0.9125 0.8426 0.9996 0.9903 栾树 Koelreuteria paniculata 0.9034 0.9401 0.9911 0.2142 绦柳 Salix matsudana 0.9936 0.9112 0.9711 0.8037 紫叶李 Prunus cerasifera 0.9548 0.9287 0.8653 0.7072 女贞 Ligustrum lucidum 0.8976 0.9590 0.9572 0.7277 洋白蜡 Fraxinus pennsylvanica 0.4866 0.5520 0.9690 0.8552 国槐 Sophora japonica 0.7160 0.7277 0.8459 0.9091
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