49份福建南酸枣资源果实表型性状多样性分析

王小安; 韦晓霞; 吴如健; 叶新福

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.04.004

49份福建南酸枣资源果实表型性状多样性分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.04.004

福建省农业科学院果树研究所, 福建福州 350013

基金项目:

福建省科技计划项目——省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项 2018R1013-9

福建省财政专项——福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设项目 STIT2017-1-4

详细信息

作者简介:
王小安(1985-), 男, 研究实习员, 研究方向:观赏果树和辣木品种选育与推广(E-mail:378279934@qq.com)

通讯作者:
韦晓霞(1973-), 女, 副研究员, 研究方向:果树品种选育与栽培(E-mail:452707940@qq.com)

中图分类号: S665.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-12-30
- 修回日期: 2019-03-18
- 刊出日期: 2019-04-28

Morphological Diversity of 49 Choerospondias Axillaris Germplasms in Fujian

Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China

摘要

摘要: 目的南酸枣具有较高的经济价值，随着产业发展，果用型南酸枣品种选育工作滞后成为制约产业转型发展的障碍；通过对资源果实表型性状多样性研究，为果用型南酸枣品种选育提供基础。方法以49份南酸枣果实为材料，对果纵径、果横径、果形指数、单果重等17个表型性状指标进行观测分析，并采用主成分分析和聚类分析等方法进行分类研究。结果表型数量性状的变异系数为7.07%~29.91%，其变异程度为单果重>果核重>果皮重>果核纵径>果横径>果纵径>可食率>果核指数>果核横径>果形指数。相关性分析发现，可食率与单果重、果纵横径呈极显著正相关，而与果皮重和果核重无相关性。主成分分析表明，前7个主成分累计贡献率为81.61%，第1主成分贡献率为32.98%，特征向量单果重、果纵径、果横径、果核重、果皮重和果核纵径等。聚类分析在欧氏距离11.60处将49份南酸枣资源分为5组。结论南酸枣果实各性状间相互影响，即单一性状的改变可能导致果实综合表型性状差异，南酸枣种质资源具有丰富的形态多样性和遗传多样性。
- 南酸枣 /
- 果实性状 /
- 多样性
Abstract: Objective The diversity of Choerospondias axillaris germplasms was studied for breed selection as the increasing market demand on the fruits making it a promising economic crop to help alleviate the poverty in the mountainous areas in Fujian. Methods The fruit morphology of 49 varieties of C. axillaris were compared and statistically classified. Results The variation coefficients on 17 morphological characteristics of the fruits ranged from 7.07% to 29.91% in the order of:individual fruit weight > stone weight > pericarp weight > stone length > fruit diameter > fruit length > edible proportion > stone shape index > stone diameter > fruit shape index. The edible proportion significantly correlated to the weight or diameter of an individual fruit, but not to the weight of pericarp or stone. The principal component analysis indicated that the 7 top-ranking indicators contributed to 81.61% of the variation, and the individual fruit weight alone 32.98%. The eigenvectors were found to be fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, stone weight, pericarp weight, and stone length. The cluster analysis divided the 49 germplasms at the Euclidean distance of 11.60 into 5 different groups. Conclusion Each morphological characteristic of C. axillaris fruits appeared to affect the total phenotype. Current C. axillaris germplasm collection was richly diversified genetically and morphologically.
- Choerospondias axillaris /
- fruit characteristics /
- diversity

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图 1 49份南酸枣果实性状的聚类分析

Figure 1. Cluster analysis on fruit morphological characteristics of 49 C. axillaris germplasms

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表 1 南酸枣资源果实表型7个描述性状及分级标准

Table 1. Seven descriptive properties and grading standards of C. axillaris fruits

性状 Characters	赋值 Valuation
果实形状FS	1=卵圆形Ovoid in shape；2=近圆形Subcircular；3=椭圆形Elliptical；4=梨形Pyriform
果顶形状FSA	1=圆Spherical；2=尖Sharp
果基形状FSB	1=圆Spherical；2=平Flat
果核形状FSS	1=卵圆形Ovoid in shape；2=近圆形Subcircular；3=椭圆形Elliptical
核顶形状FSST	1=圆Spherical；2=平Flat
核基类突FBBS	1=有Have；2=无None
果实颜色FCP	1=黄色Yellow；2=橙黄色Orange yellow；3=黄绿色Yellowish green

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表 2 49份南酸枣资源果实描述型性状类型频率分布

Table 2. Distribution of morphological measurements on 49 C. axillaris germplasms

性状 Character	等级分布Distribution of grade /%
性状 Character	1	2	3	4
果实形状FS	59.18	12.25	24.49	4.08
果顶形状FSA	95.92	4.08	-	-
果基形状FSB	61.22	38.78	-	-
果核形状FSS	40.81	4.08	55.10	-
核顶形状FSST	77.55	22.45	-	-
核基类突FBBS	18.37	81.63	-	-
果实颜色FCP	81.63	10.21	8.16	-

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表 3 49份南酸枣资源果实性状指标

Table 3. Indices of fruit characteristics of 49 C. axillaris germplasms

资源 Sample	单果重 FW/g	果纵径 FLD/cm	果横径 FTD/cm	果形指数 FSI	皮重 MP/g	核重 FMS/g	果核纵径 FLDS/cm	果核横径 FTDS/cm	果核指数 FSSI	可食率 ER/%
MH2	12.30	2.95	2.51	1.18	2.60	2.9	2.02	1.54	1.31	55.28
MH3	8.40	2.87	2.66	1.08	1.75	1.89	1.85	1.39	1.33	56.67
MH4	14.80	3.47	2.76	1.26	2.90	3.50	2.67	1.73	1.54	56.76
MH5	9.50	2.87	2.38	1.21	1.80	2.50	1.97	1.40	1.41	54.74
PN1	12.30	2.93	2.31	1.27	2.20	3.20	2.24	1.47	1.52	56.10
PN2	13.20	3.07	2.68	1.15	2.50	3.60	2.12	1.64	1.29	53.79
PN3	8.20	2.85	2.30	1.24	2.30	2.20	2.20	1.30	1.69	45.12
PN4	8.01	2.60	2.10	1.24	2.10	2.50	2.20	1.06	1.38	43.21
YT1	7.60	2.50	1.91	1.31	1.75	2.10	1.92	1.56	1.23	49.34
YT2	11.50	3.05	2.72	1.12	2.30	3.00	2.11	1.53	1.38	53.91
YT3	10.10	2.89	2.63	1.10	2.30	2.60	2.04	1.50	1.36	51.49
YT4	13.00	3.10	2.66	1.17	2.70	3.00	1.97	1.52	1.30	56.15
YT5	14.20	3.28	2.72	1.21	3.10	3.20	2.27	1.54	1.47	55.63
YT6	7.60	2.68	2.31	1.16	1.68	2.10	1.87	1.60	1.17	50.26
YT7	9.40	2.92	2.44	1.20	1.60	2.00	1.79	1.43	1.25	61.70
JO1	11.60	3.09	2.48	1.25	1.90	3.20	2.06	1.53	1.35	56.03
JO2	7.60	2.30	2.20	1.05	1.80	2.20	1.85	1.67	1.11	47.37
JO3	13.30	2.90	2.66	1.09	2.20	3.70	2.18	1.67	1.31	55.64
JO4	12.80	2.96	2.77	1.07	2.30	3.20	2.04	1.57	1.30	57.03
JO5	9.90	2.78	2.39	1.16	2.60	3.00	2.05	1.49	1.38	43.43
JY1	10.20	2.80	2.59	1.08	1.80	2.50	1.97	1.72	1.15	57.84
JY2	16.10	3.23	2.93	1.10	3.50	3.50	2.08	1.58	1.32	56.52
JY3	10.20	2.70	2.12	1.27	2.50	3.40	2.35	1.43	1.64	42.16
JY4	12.30	2.92	2.55	1.15	2.70	3.50	2.17	1.60	1.36	49.59
PCH1	8.20	2.65	2.08	1.27	2.00	2.20	1.81	1.29	1.40	48.78
PCH2	13.00	2.95	2.48	1.19	2.50	3.01	2.19	1.48	1.48	56.92
PCH3	8.30	2.76	2.18	1.27	1.80	2.00	1.98	1.33	1.49	54.22
PCH4	19.70	3.73	3.13	1.19	3.60	4.90	2.93	1.83	1.60	56.85
PCH5	7.30	2.50	2.20	1.14	1.80	2.50	2.13	1.60	1.33	41.10
PCH6	13.60	3.08	2.73	1.13	1.80	2.70	2.08	1.43	1.45	66.91
PCH7	11.50	3.03	2.43	1.25	2.50	2.40	2.35	1.66	1.42	57.39
PCH8	12.30	3.13	2.58	1.21	2.10	2.50	2.32	1.43	1.62	62.60
PCH9	24.60	3.95	3.53	1.12	3.90	5.80	3.13	1.78	1.76	60.57
WYS1	9.90	2.85	2.00	1.43	2.20	3.20	2.37	1.46	1.62	45.45
WYS2	10.50	2.95	2.83	1.04	2.70	2.40	2.29	1.70	1.35	51.43
WYS3	9.50	2.23	1.89	1.18	1.90	3.20	2.33	1.53	6.67	46.32
WYS4	10.10	2.35	2.25	1.04	2.60	3.30	2.37	1.52	1.56	41.58
WYS5	15.30	3.11	2.86	1.09	2.10	3.90	2.05	1.63	1.26	60.78
WYS6	5.80	2.30	1.81	1.27	1.37	2.00	1.89	1.46	1.29	41.90
FZ1	11.90	3.16	2.65	1.19	2.40	3.60	2.28	1.55	1.47	49.58
FZ2	10.90	3.00	2.5	1.20	3.10	2.40	2.04	1.43	1.43	49.54
FZ3	11.80	3.05	2.70	1.13	2.90	3.10	2.36	1.85	1.28	49.15
FZ4	16.80	3.72	3.01	1.24	2.50	4.10	3.71	2.13	1.74	60.71
FZ5	15.70	3.65	2.98	1.22	3.20	3.70	3.62	2.10	1.72	56.05
SX1	7.60	2.70	2.20	1.23	2.10	2.50	2.10	1.50	1.40	39.47
SX2	11.80	3.10	2.35	1.32	3.30	2.50	2.10	1.63	1.29	50.85
SX3	9.50	2.85	2.26	1.26	2.10	2.50	1.94	1.74	1.11	51.58
SX4	8.60	2.70	2.01	1.34	1.80	2.30	1.99	1.56	1.28	52.33

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表 4 49份南酸枣资源果实表型数量性状多样性分析

Table 4. Statistic analysis on diversity of 49 C. axillaris germplasms based on quantifiable characteristics of fruits

性状Character	最小值Mix	最大值Max	平均值Mean	极差Ri	标准差SD	变异系数CV/%
单果重FW	5.8	24.6	11.42	18.80	3.42	29.91
果纵径FLD	2.23	3.95	2.94	1.72	0.36	12.14
果横径FTD	1.81	3.53	2.48	1.72	0.34	13.84
果形指数FSI	1.04	1.43	1.19	0.39	0.08	7.07
果皮重MP	1.37	3.90	2.36	2.53	0.56	23.76
果核重FMS	1.89	5.80	2.95	3.91	0.76	25.9
果核纵径FLDS	1.79	3.71	2.21	1.92	0.40	17.84
果核横径FTDS	1.29	2.13	1.57	0.84	0.17	10.68
果核指数FSSI	1.11	1.76	1.40	0.65	0.16	11.31
可食率ER	39.47	66.91	52.33	27.44	6.34	12.12

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表 5 49份南酸枣资源果实表型性状相关性分析

Table 5. Correlation among morphological characteristics of 49 C. axillaris germplasms

性状 Character	单果重 FW	果纵径 FLD	果横径 FTD	果形指数 FSI	果实形状 FS	果皮重 MP	果核重 FMS	果核纵径 FLDS	果核横径 FTDS	果核指数 FSSI	可食率 ER	果基形状 FSB	果顶形状 FSA	果核形状 FSS	核顶形状 FSST	核基类突 FBBS	果实颜色 FCP
单果重FW	1
果纵径FLD	0.88^**	1
果横径FTD	0.87^**	0.87^**	1
果形指数FSI	-0.19	-0.01	-0.49^**	1
果实形状FS	0	0.03	0.01	0	1
果皮重MP	0.76^**	0.70^**	0.66^**	-0.11	0.04	1
果核重FMS	0.89^**	0.68^**	0.68^**	-0.17	0.04	0.68^**	1
果核纵径FLDS	0.67^**	0.69^**	0.54^**	0.08	0.17	0.56^**	0.69^**	1
果核横径FTDS	0.53^**	0.54^**	0.53^**	-0.15	0.04	0.44^**	0.53^**	0.74^**	1
果核指数FSSI	0.02	-0.18	-0.18	0.04	0.22	-0.03	0.15	0.2	-0.02	1
可食率ER	0.61^**	0.65^**	0.65^**	-0.16	-0.06	0.14	0.26	0.21	0.22	-0.12	1
果基形状FSB	-0.21	-0.19	-0.22	0.13	0.26	-0.16	-0.12	-0.12	-0.2	0.18	-0.19	1
果顶形状FSA	0.13	0.15	0.03	0.19	0.48^**	0.07	0.11	0.13	0.03	0.01	0.13	0.26	1
果核形状FSS	-0.07	0.03	-0.11	0.30^*	-0.02	0.02	-0.05	-0.16	-0.15	-0.18	-0.14	0.19	-0.03	1
核顶形状FSST	0.26	0.30^*	0.2	0.1	0.21	0.31^*	0.22	0.25	0.12	0.13	0.16	0.13	0.11	-0.07	1
核基类突FBBS	0.19	0.14	0.13	-0.02	0.09	0.16	0.24	0.11	0.25	-0.31^*	0.03	-0.27	0.1	0.12	0.12	1
果实颜色FCP	0.06	0.06	-0.04	0.17	-0.09	-0.07	0.15	0.19	-0.02	0	0.03	0	0.25	-0.28	0.16	0.03	1
注：表示相关极显著(P＜0.01) Note: means different samples represented extremely significant difference(P < 0.01)

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表 6 各主成分的特征值、贡献率和累计贡献率

Table 6. Eigen value, contribution rate and cumulative percentage of principal components

项目 Items	主成分Principal component
项目 Items	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5	PC6	PC7
特征值Eigen value	5.61	2.05	1.53	1.35	1.28	1.16	0.90
贡献率Contribution rate/%	32.98	12.06	8.97	7.94	7.54	6.86	5.26
累计贡献率Cumulative percentage/%	32.98	45.04	54.01	61.94	69.49	76.34	81.61
特征向量Eigen vectors
单果重FW	0.4044	-0.0145	-0.0036	-0.0454	-0.0294	0.1192	-0.0172
果纵径FLD	0.3876	-0.0032	0.1407	0.011	-0.0805	0.2359	-0.0563
果横径FTD	0.3805	-0.1627	-0.0496	-0.1053	-0.2408	0.0503	0.0197
果形指数FSI	-0.0914	0.3113	0.3747	0.2142	0.3446	0.347	-0.1397
果实形状FS	0.0281	0.4534	0.0188	-0.2201	-0.2947	-0.4206	-0.0351
果皮重MP	0.3263	0.026	0.0906	-0.1939	0.1737	-0.0014	0.1503
果核重FMS	0.3571	0.0762	-0.0377	-0.0557	0.1839	-0.0267	-0.0322
果核纵径FLDS	0.3281	0.1982	-0.0805	0.0403	0.3225	-0.0485	-0.2123
果核横径FTDS	0.2903	-0.0134	-0.0395	-0.0103	0.2342	-0.2723	-0.2549
果核指数FSSI	-0.0171	0.3275	-0.4797	-0.2318	0.2658	0.043	0.0197
可食率ER	0.237	-0.1286	-0.0407	0.1348	-0.4781	0.3196	-0.0362
果基形状FSB	-0.1073	0.401	0.013	-0.2973	-0.1784	0.2216	0.0005
果顶形状FSA	0.0586	0.452	0.1663	0.185	-0.3956	-0.1219	-0.3155
果核形状FSS	-0.0547	-0.0003	0.5979	-0.364	0.1104	0.2276	-0.0669
核顶形状FSST	0.1387	0.2948	0.0288	0.0541	-0.0064	0.094	0.828
核基类突FBBS	0.1072	-0.0728	0.4365	0.2086	0.0445	-0.5553	0.2241
果实颜色FCP	0.0353	0.2094	-0.1048	0.6903	0.0672	0.1268	0.0138

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