Effects of NaCl on Growth and Photosynthesis of Semi-dwarf Blueberry Bushes
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摘要:
目的 鉴定半高丛蓝莓的耐盐性和耐盐范围，为盐碱地区的蓝莓引种、栽培提供理论依据。 方法 采用盆栽加盐的方式进行人工模拟盐胁迫环境，研究不同浓度[0（CK）、30、60、90、120、150、180、210 mmol·L-1]NaCl处理50 d对2年生半高丛蓝莓品种北陆（Northland）的生物学特性、生理生化指标、光合作用以及其净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）和气孔导度（Gs）等光响应的影响。 结果 （1）30、60、90 mmol·L-1NaCl处理对蓝莓生长发育有促进作用；120 mmol·L-1NaCl处理下蓝莓促进作用解除，生长势与CK相近；150、180 mmol·L-1NaCl处理下蓝莓促进作用解除；210 mmol·L-1NaCl为半高丛蓝莓的耐盐存活临界浓度，导致植株死亡；（2）在NaCl浓度≤90 mmol·L-1时，蓝莓植株生长状况优于CK，株高、冠幅增加，地上部、地下部干鲜重增加；蓝莓叶片可溶性糖含量增加，脯氨酸（Pro）含量增加，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性增加，细胞膜相对透性增大，丙二醛（MDA）含量升高；（3）各处理下蓝莓植株Pn、Tr、Gs的日变化曲线呈上升趋势，Ci呈下降趋势，Pn、Tr、Ci的光响应曲线呈上升趋势，Gs呈下降趋势，以60 mmol·L-1NaCl处理最为显著。 结论 半高丛蓝莓具有一定的耐盐性，耐NaCl范围为0~180 mmol·L-1；盐碱地区土壤含盐量低于90 mmol·L-1时，可以考虑选择蓝莓品种北陆种植。 Abstract:Objective Salt tolerance of blueberry plants were studied for possible cultivation in saline-alkali lands. Method A pot experiment was conducted using varied salt additions [0(CK), 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 mmol·L-1)] NaCl in a medium to artificially simulate the environmental stress. Two-year-old seedlings of semi-dwarf Vaccinium Northland blueberry were treated under the stress for 50d. Effects on the physiological and biochemical properties, as well as the photosynthesis, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and stomatal conductance (Gs), were determined. Result (1) A salt concentration at 30, 60 or 90 mmol·L-1 promoted the seedling growth, but the enhancing effect disappeared when it reached 120 mmol·L-1, where the result became similar to CK. Further increase to 150 or 180 mmol·L-1 inhibited the seedling growth. At 210 mmol·L-1, a threshold that caused plant death was observed. (2) When the salt concentration was less or equal to 90 mmol·L-1, the blueberry seedlings grew better than CK with increased plant height, crown width, dry and fresh weights of shoots, and soluble sugar content in leaves. The biochemical indices, such as Pro, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, relative permeability of cell membrane, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, were elevated as well. (3) The daily variations on Pn, Tr and Gs of the treated plants were on an upward trend, but Ci downward. The responses of Pn, Tr and Ci to light exposure showed an upward trend, while that of Gs downward. These effects were most significant under 60 mmol·L-1 NaCl. Conclusion The semi-dwarf blueberry bushes exhibited a significant salt tolerance within 0-180 mmol·L-1. Northland blueberry was conceivably a variety that could be cultivated on soil that has a salt content below 90 mmol·L-1. -
Key words:
- blueberry /
- NaCl tolerance /
- botanical property /
- physiological and biochemical indices /
- photosynthesis
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图 1 不同浓度NaCl处理对蓝莓幼苗生长状况比较(第50 d)
注：NaCl浓度A为CK，B~H分别为30、60、90、120、150、180、210 mmol·L-1。
Figure 1. Growth of blueberry seedlings under varied salt stress after 50 d
Note: The NaCl cncentration A is CK, and B-H is respectively 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 mmol·L-1.
图 2 不同浓度NaCl处理下蓝莓叶片落叶率的变化曲线
Figure 2. Variations on defoliation rate of blueberry plants under different NaCl concentrations
图 3 不同浓度NaCl处理下蓝莓叶片净光合速率的日变化
Figure 3. Diumal variations on net Pn rate of blueberry leaves under varied salt stress
图 4 不同浓度NaCl处理下蓝莓叶片气孔导度的日变化
Figure 4. Diumal variations on net Gs rate of blueberry leaves under varied salt stress
图 5 不同浓度NaCl处理下蓝莓叶片蒸腾速率的日变化
Figure 5. Diumal variations on net Tr rate of blueberry leaves under varied salt stress
图 6 不同浓度NaCl处理下蓝莓叶片胞间二氧化碳浓度的日变化
Figure 6. Diumal variations on net Ci rate of blueberry leaves under varied salt stress
图 7 不同浓度NaCl处理下蓝莓叶片的Pn-PAR响应
Figure 7. Diumal variations on Pn-PAR responses of blueberry leaves under varied salt stress
图 8 不同浓度NaCl处理下蓝莓叶片的Gs-PAR响应曲线
Figure 8. Diumal variations on Gs-PAR responses of blueberry leaves under varied salt stress
图 9 不同浓度NaCl处理下蓝莓叶片的Tr-PAR响应
Figure 9. Diumal variations on Tr-PAR responses of blueberry leaves under varied salt stress
图 10 不同浓度NaCl处理下蓝莓叶片的Ci-PAR响应
Figure 10. Diumal variations on Ci-PAR responses of blueberry leaves under varied salt stress
表 1 不同浓度NaCl处理对蓝莓幼苗生长的影响
Table 1. Effect of salt stress on growth of blueberry seedlings
NaCl浓度NaCl concentration /(mmol·L-1) 株高Bush height /cm 冠幅Bush width /cm 基生枝数量Number of ground shoot 基生枝长度Length of ground shoot/cm 单株地上部鲜重Aboveground fresh mass per plant/g 单株地上部干重Aboveground dry mass per plant/g 单株地下部鲜重Underground fresh mass per plant/g 单株地下部干重Underground dry mass per plant/g 0 34.38±0.80c 39.80±1.30d 8.66±2.08a 31.92±0.54cd 10.94±2.26a 2.81±0.88bc 26.51±3.59ab 8.20±0.56a 30 37.40±0.64b 43.33±0.66c 8.33±0.57a 34.89±0.50bc 8.22±1.36bc 2.95±0.34b 28.67±2.92a 8.45±1.74a 60 40.10±1.83b 46.33±1.05b 7.67±0.57ab 37.66±2.28b 9.67±1.28ab 4.18±0.10a 20.46±7.08abc 7.44±1.50a 90 46.20±1.50a 49.71±1.30a 5.33±0.57cd 43.61±4.47a 10.75±0.97ab 4.86±0.77a 18.63±12.99abc 6.51±3.83ab 120 33.18±1.93c 38.81±1.80d 4.00±1.00d 30.36±0.90d 10.79±1.88a 4.11±0.88a 15.12±3.63bc 5.85±0.44abc 150 26.51±2.33d 29.88±1.96e 6.00±1.00bcd 28.55±1.00d 6.94±1.06c 2.65±0.59bc 14.95±7.23bc 3.83±2.42bc 180 22.35±0.99e 27.05±1.25f 7.00±1.00abc 24.20±0.88e 3.78±0.89d 1.84±0.28c 10.47±3.88c 3.07±0.37c 注：同列数据后无相同字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05); n=5。
Note：Different normal letters in each column mean significant difference at 0.05 level; n=5.
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表 2 不同浓度NaCl处理对蓝莓叶片生理生化的影响
Table 2. Effect of salt stress on physiology and biochemistry of blueberry leaves
NaCl浓度NaCl concentration /(mmol·L-1) 可溶性糖含量Soluble sugar content/% 脯氨酸含量Proline content /(μg·g-1) 超氧化物歧化酶活性Superoxide dismutase activity /(mg·g-1·h-1) 细胞膜相对透性Relative cell membrane permeability 丙二醛含量MDA content /(μmol·g-1) 0 5.98±0.41e 14.07±0.52cd 649.18±5.32b 0.16±0.01f 4.98±0.10c 30 6.22±0.11de 15.16±0.21bc 656.65±10.15b 0.22±0.02e 5.30±0.07c 60 6.60±0.18cd 16.46±1.21bc 662.15±11.84ab 0.29±0.04d 5.62±0.61bc 90 7.09±0.26c 17.17±1.16b 671.78±14.17ab 0.35±0.02c 5.77±0.53bc 120 7.85±0.66b 21.70±3.56a 683.34±15.77a 0.41±0.01b 6.39±0.65ab 150 8.34±0.22b 14.43±1.88bc 656.59±21.19b 0.45±0.03b 6.82±0.49a 180 9.48±0.10a 11.42±1.11d 615.40±15.09c 0.52±0.04a 5.24±0.65c 注：同列数据后无相同字母者表示差异显著(P < 0.05); n=3。
Note：Different normal letters in each column mean significant difference at 0.05 level; n=3.
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表 3 不同浓度NaCl处理下蓝莓叶片的光合参数
Table 3. Photosynthetic indicators of blueberry leaves under varied salt stress
NaCl浓度NaCl concentration /(mmol·L-1) AQY β γ Rd LSP Pnmax LCP Φc CK 0.058483981 0.000106184 0.006612565 2.6071 1051.7142 4.2619 63.8234 0.9709 30 0.056661195 0.0000966808 0.005873244 2.8474 1167.675 4.6218 72.0058 0.9829 60 0.045911373 0.000115611 0.004290626 2.6295 1205.7786 5.0876 76.8398 0.9896 90 0.030812011 0.000193244 0.002769677 1.9826 1052.7155 4.6159 79.7961 0.995 120 0.029515721 0.000232647 0.002640186 1.9206 952.2193 4.3056 80.3851 0.9662 150 0.025263493 0.000254062 0.002531173 1.7694 913.022 3.5811 87.4953 0.9734 180 0.024607506 0.000251212 0.00457739 1.5252 739.3302 1.8538 89.3304 0.9864 注：AQY：表观量子效率；β和γ为系数，β是光抑制项，γ是光饱和项，单位：m2·s·μmol-1；Rd：暗呼吸速率，单位：μmol·m-2·s-1；LSP：光饱和点，单位：μmol·m-2·s-1；LCP：光补偿点，单位：μmol·m-2s-1；Pnmax：最大净光合速率，单位：μmol·m-2·s-1；Φc：光合有效辐射为光补偿点Lcp时的光量子效率Φc。
Note：AQY:apparent quantum efficiency; β and γ are coefficients, β is the photoinhibition term, γ is the light saturation term, m2·s·μmol-1; Rd：dark respiration rate, μmol·m-2·s-1; LSP：light saturation point, μmol·m-2·s-1; LCP：light compensation point, μmol·m-2·s-1; Pnmax：maximum net photosynthetic rate, μmol·m-2·s-1; Φc：photon efficiency Φc when photosynthetically active radiation is at light compensation point Lcp.
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