日粮营养水平对育肥苏姜猪血清生化指标和肉质相关基因的影响

周根来; 陶勇; 倪黎纲; 任善茂; 徐盼; 殷洁鑫; 张君胜; 周春宝; 赵旭庭

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.06.007

日粮营养水平对育肥苏姜猪血清生化指标和肉质相关基因的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.06.007

周根来^{1, 2,},
陶勇^{1, 3},
倪黎纲¹,
任善茂¹,
徐盼¹,
殷洁鑫¹,
张君胜¹,
周春宝¹,
赵旭庭^1, ,

1.
江苏农牧科技职业学院, 江苏泰州 225300
2.
江苏省现代畜牧与新兽药工程技术中心, 江苏泰州 225300
3.
江苏苏姜种猪有限公司, 江苏泰州 225300

基金项目:

国家发展和改革委员会生物育种能力建设与产业化专项项目发改办高技（2014）2573号

江苏省农业三新工程项目 SXGC（2017）188

江苏农牧科技职业学院项目 NSF201602

详细信息

作者简介:
周根来(1979-), 男, 硕士, 副教授, 研究方向:猪营养生理与饲料资源开发(E-mail:glarechou@hotmail.com)

通讯作者:
赵旭庭(1966-), 男, 硕士, 教授, 研究方向:猪品种资源开发与保护(E-mail:jsfdyc@163.com)

中图分类号: S828.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-04-04
- 修回日期: 2019-05-05
- 刊出日期: 2019-06-28

Serum Biochemistry and Expression of Carcass Trait-related Gene of Sujiang Pigs as Affected by Dietary Makeup at Final Growth Stage

1.
Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
2.
Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Technology Center of Modern Animal Science and New Veterinary Drugs, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
3.
Jiangsu Sujiang Breeding Pig Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究日粮不同消化能（DE）、粗蛋白（CP）和粗纤维（CF）水平对育肥阶段苏姜猪血清生化指标和肉质相关基因的影响。方法选用162头体重（50.49±4.78）kg的苏姜猪，设定不同DE（11.64、12.24、12.84 MJ·kg^-1）、CP（12%、13%、14%）及CF（5%、8%、11%）水平，采用L₉（3⁴）正交试验设计，设置9组日粮处理，每组3个重复，每个重复6头（公母各半）。预饲期7 d，试验期42 d。结果（1）血清生化指标：12.84 MJ·kg^-1 DE组总蛋白含量显著高于11.64 MJ·kg^-1 DE组（P < 0.05）；12.84 MJ·kg^-1DE组球蛋白含量均极显著高于11.64、12.24 MJ·kg^-1 DE组（P < 0.01）；8%、11% CF组尿氮含量分别极显著（P < 0.01）、显著（P < 0.05）高于5% CF组；13%、14%两CP组总胆固醇含量极显著低于12% CP组（P < 0.01），14% CP组甘油三酯含量极显著低于12% CP组（P < 0.01）；11% CF组葡萄糖含量极显著低于5% CF组（P < 0.01），12.84 MJ·kg^-1 DE组肌酐含量显著低于11.64 MJ·kg^-1 DE组（P < 0.05）。（2）血清激素及酶活：12.84 MJ·kg^-1 DE组血清胰岛素水平显著高于11.64 MJ·kg^-1 DE组（P < 0.05），11% CF组血清中三碘甲腺原氨酸含量显著低于5% CF组（P < 0.05）。日粮营养水平对试验猪血清中各酶活没有显著影响（P>0.05）。（3）肉质相关基因：11.64 MJ·kg^-1 DE组背最长肌H-FABP、PRAKG3基因的表达量显著高于12.24、12.84 MJ·kg^-1两DE组（P < 0.05），HSL基因表达量极显著高于12.24、12.84 MJ·kg^-1两DE组（P < 0.01）；日粮CP和CF水平对试验猪各基因表达均没有显著影响（P>0.05）。结论日粮中不同DE、CP和CF水平可通过调控血清生化指标和肉质相关基因表达影响育肥苏姜猪的生长发育，育肥苏姜猪适宜的DE、CP和CF水平分别为12.84 MJ·kg^-1、12%、11%。
- 苏姜猪 /
- 日粮营养水平 /
- 生化指标 /
- 激素水平 /
- 酶活 /
- 基因表达
Abstract: Objective Effects of diet composition on growth performance, serum biochemistry and carcass trait-related gene expression of Sujiang pigs at final stage prior to slaughtering were investigated. Method Randomly selected 162 Sujiang pigs with a body weight of (50.49±4.78)kg were divided in 9 groups with 3 replicates per group and 6 pigs per replicate (half male and half female) for the study. The diets used in the L₉(3⁴) orthogonal experiment were varied with 3 levels of digestible energy (DE) at 11.64, 12.24, and 12.84 MJ·kg^-1, 3 levels of crude protein (CP) at 12%, 13%, and 14%, and 3 levels of crude fiber (CF) at 5%, 8%, and 11%. A pre-feeding period lasted 7 d followed by 42-d-feeding before sampling for serum analysis on the pigs. Result (1) The TP content in the 12.84 MJ·kg^-1 DE group was significantly higher than that in the 11.64 MJ·kg^-1 DE group (P < 0.05), and GLB in the 12.84 MJ·kg^-1 DE groups were significantly higher than those in the 11.64 and 12.24 MJ·kg^-1 DE groups (P < 0.01). UN in the 8% CF and the 11% CF groups were extremely significantly (P < 0.01) and significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that in the 5% CF group. TC in the 14% CP groups were significantly lower than that in the 12% CP group (P < 0.01), and TG in the 14% CP group was significantly lower than that in the 12% CP group (P < 0.01). Glu in the 11% CF group was significantly lower than that in the 5% CF group (P < 0.01), and CREA in the 12.84 MJ·kg^-1 DE group was significantly lower than that in the 11.64 MJ·kg^-1 DE group (P < 0.05). (2) The serum insulin in the 12.84 MJ·kg^-1 DE group was significantly higher than that in the 11.64 MJ·kg^-1 DE group (P < 0.05). Serum T3 in the 11% CF group was significantly lower than that in the 5% CF group (P < 0.05). However, the dietary nutrition showed no significant effect on serum enzyme activities in the pigs (P>0.05). (3) The expressions of H-FABP and PRAKG3 genes in the longissimus dorsi muscle of the 11.64 MJ·kg^-1 DE group were significantly higher than those in the muscle of the 12.24 and 12.84 MJ·kg^-1 DE groups (P < 0.05), while that of HSL gene was significantly higher than those of 12.24 and 12.84 MJ·kg^-1 DE groups (P < 0.01). The dietary CP or CF induced no significant effect on the expression of the genes in the pigs (P>0.05). Conclusion Dietary DE, CP and CF affected the growth and development of Sujiang pigs at the final fattening stage through regulating the serum biochemistry and carcass trait-related gene expression of the animals. It appeared that a provision of DE at 12.84 MJ·kg^-1, CP at 12%, and CF at 11% in the forage was appropriate for the pigs in that stage.
- sujiang pigs /
- dietary nutrient level /
- biochemistry /
- hormone /
- enzyme activity /
- gene expression

HTML全文

图 1 日粮消化能水平对育肥苏姜猪基因表达的影响

注：同一项目中，数据柱上标不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P < 0.01)，上标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)，无上标或上标相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。图 2、3同。

Figure 1. Effect of dietary DE levels on mRNA expression of Sujiang pigs at fattening stage

Note: In the same item, values with different capital letter superscripts mean significant difference (P < 0.01), and with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P < 0.05), while with no letter or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as Fig. 2, 3.

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图 2 日粮粗蛋白水平对育肥苏姜猪基因表达的影响

Figure 2. Effect of dietary CP levels on mRNA expression of Sujiang pigs at fattening stage

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图 3 日粮粗纤维水平对育肥苏姜猪基因表达的影响

Figure 3. Effect of dietary CF levels on mRNA expression of Sujiang pigs at fattening stage

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表 1 目的基因及β-actin的引物序列

Table 1. Primer sequences of targeted genes and β-actin

基因 Gene	引物序列(5′-3′) Primer sequence	片段长度 Length(bp)
H-FABP	F/R：CACAAAGCACCTTCAAGAGCAC/GGGTGAGTGTCAGGATGAGTTTC	198
PRKAG3	F/R：CCTCTACCGCACCATCCAAG/CCAGTTTCGTTGACCACAGG	141
AMPD1	F/R：AAATCTTACCAAATTGATGCCG/CAACAGTCAGGTCGTAGGGATG	112
HSL	F/R：CGAGATTAGCACCAAGGAGGAG/CATGAAGGGATTCTTGACGATG	136
LPL	F/R：AACTTGGGCTATGAGATCAATAAGG/CGCATCTTTACTTGGTAATGGAAG	110
β-actin	F/R：GCAAGGACCTCTACGCCAA/CTGGAAGGTGGACAGCGAG	191

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表 2 育肥苏姜猪血清常规生化指标

Table 2. Serum biochemistry of Sujiang pigs at fattening stage

项目 Items	水平 Level	总蛋白 TP/(g·L^-1)	白蛋白 ALB/(g·L^-1)	球蛋白 GLB/(g·L^-1)	尿素氮 UN/(mmol·L^-1)	总胆固醇 TC/(mmol·L^-1)	甘油三酯 TG/(mmol·L^-1)	葡萄糖 Glu/(mmol·L^-1)	肌酐 CREA/(μmol·L^-1)
消化能DE/(MJ·kg^-1)	11.64	68.02±6.41b	42.79±3.30	25.84±4.31Bb	4.48±1.23	2.67±0.49	0.45±0.17	3.13±0.50	93.20±13.67a
	12.24	69.60±4.22ab	43.31±3.36	26.30±3.08Bb	4.42±1.40	2.88±0.51	0.44±0.12	3.14±0.61	85.34±14.15ab
	12.84	72.54±6.98a	42.18±4.55	29.76±5.09Aa	3.57±1.38	2.63±0.52	0.47±0.16	3.42±0.79	83.76±9.07b
粗蛋白CP/%	12	69.94±6.18	42.33±4.12	27.61±3.56	4.48±1.15	3.08±0.49Aa	0.54±0.16Aa	3.08±0.57	87.94±13.91
	13	71.21±8.00	43.09±4.43	28.11±6.19	3.93±1.83	2.65±0.51Bb	0.45±0.15ABab	3.37±0.81	86.73±14.43
	14	69.02±3.73	42.84±2.59	26.17±3.25	4.06±1.04	2.45±0.32Bb	0.36±0.09Bb	3.24±0.52	87.63±11.00
粗纤维CF/%	5	69.24±4.39	41.93±2.87	27.30±4.04	3.42±1.34Bb	2.55±0.41	0.41±0.12	3.54±0.76Aa	86.07±7.85
	8	69.87±7.91	42.46±3.96	27.41±5.91	4.68±1.46Aa	2.78±0.63	0.46±0.17	3.21±0.55ABab	87.33±16.86
	11	71.06±5.92	43.87±4.18	27.19±3.52	4.38±1.05ABa	2.86±0.43	0.48±0.15	2.94±0.48Bb	88.90±13.17
注：同列数据后不同大、小写字母表示同一处理不同水平间差异极显著(P < 0.01)和差异显著(P < 0.05)。表 3~4同。 Note：In the same column, values with different capital letter superscripts mean significant difference (P < 0.01), and with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P < 0.05). The same as Table 3-4.

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表 3 育肥苏姜猪血清激素水平

Table 3. Serum hormone level of Sujiang pigs at fattening stage

项目 Items	水平 Level	三碘甲腺原氨酸(T₃) /(pmol·L^-1)	甲状腺素(T₄) /(μg·L^-1)	生长激素(GH) /(μg·L^-1)	胰岛素Insulin /(mIU·L^-1)	胰岛素样生长因子-I IGF-I/(μg·L^-1)
消化能DE/(MJ·kg^-1)	11.64	230.64±44.99	234.02±38.45	24.29±4.63	72.43±13.12b	16.86±3.02
	12.24	241.88±43.32	248.89±32.11	21.86±4.24	81.68±14.73ab	18.46±3.24
	12.84	241.80±49.45	241.92±40.81	24.17±5.04	83.88±13.24a	16.72±3.39
粗蛋白CP/%	12	240.19±39.88	239.10±31.15	22.99±3.77	78.05±14.60	17.77±3.61
	13	235.81±47.51	235.69±32.85	24.96±4.75	84.73±16.21	17.40±2.37
	14	238.31±50.76	250.04±46.08	22.38±5.31	75.21±10.78	16.88±3.74
粗纤维CF/%	5	246.71±42.03a	245.29±38.17	23.96±5.05	80.45±10.73	16.51±2.94
	8	250.89±38.95a	238.91±39.13	23.48±4.76	77.88±16.82	17.60±3.43
	11	216.71±49.14b	240.62±35.78	22.90±4.47	79.66±15.51	17.94±3.39

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表 4 育肥苏姜猪血清酶活

Table 4. Serum enzyme activity of Sujiang pigs at fattening stage

项目 Items	水平 Level	谷丙转氨酶(ALT) /(mU·L^-1)	谷草转氨酶(AST) /(U·L^-1)	胆碱酯酶(CHE) /(IU·L^-1)	碱性磷酸酶(ALP) /(U·L^-1)
消化能DE/(MJ·kg^-1)	11.64	242.87±48.12	38.07±6.63	378.24±72.81	160.35±25.97
	12.24	241.74±46.39	36.06±7.47	401.88±63.74	150.06±26.61
	12.84	245.02±38.60	36.80±7.90	424.71±68.50	144.18±34.49
粗蛋白CP/%	12	240.38±48.10	37.16±7.47	381.04±78.91	150.08±30.34
	13	237.94±43.92	37.78±8.11	414.32±70.40	151.70±32.12
	14	251.30±40.17	35.99±6.41	409.47±57.72	152.82±27.53
粗纤维CF/%	5	241.22±43.24	35.84±7.13	420.11±68.35	153.79±30.25
	8	238.78±43.40	36.61±7.86	397.59±76.35	142.74±25.52
	11	249.62±46.28	38.48±6.92	387.13±64.02	158.07±31.86

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