饥饿和不同开口饵料对大刺鳅仔鱼生长的影响

钟全福

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.12.008

饥饿和不同开口饵料对大刺鳅仔鱼生长的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.12.008

钟全福

福建省淡水水产研究所，福建　福州　350002

基金项目: 福建省科技计划公益类专项（2015R1002-1、2016R1002-1、2017R1002-2）

详细信息

作者简介:
钟全福（1964−），男，硕士，副研究员，主要从事水产养殖及病害防控（E-mail：zhongquanfu@126.com）

中图分类号: S 965
计量
- 文章访问数: 1362
- HTML全文浏览量: 653
- PDF下载量: 22
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-09-29
- 修回日期: 2019-10-25
- 刊出日期: 2019-12-01

Effects of Starvation and Starting Forages on Growth of Mastacembelue armatus Larvae

ZHONG Quan-fu

Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究饥饿胁迫和不同开口饵料对大刺鳅仔鱼摄食、生长和成活率的影响，为大刺鳅早期苗种培育技术的改进提供参考依据。方法采用实验生态学方法，测定饥饿对初孵仔鱼卵黄囊、油球的吸收和死亡不可逆点（PNR）；选用枝角类、丰年虫无节幼体、蛋黄、虾奶粉和A^#鱼苗开口料作为大刺鳅仔鱼开口饵料，投喂24 d，分析不同开口饵料对大刺鳅仔鱼生长的影响。结果在水温（27.0±1.5）℃的条件下，仔鱼6日龄开口摄食，初次摄食率达100%，PNR发生在14～15日龄，其摄食能力和饥饿耐受性相对较强，饥饿延缓了仔鱼对卵黄囊和油球的吸收；仔鱼能够摄食枝角类和丰年虫无节幼体等活饵，投喂1 d后的开口摄食率达100%，且具有较快的生长速度和较高的成活率；而仔鱼不摄食蛋黄、虾奶粉和A^#鱼苗开口料等人工饵料，其生长、成活率与饥饿组无差异（P＞0.05）。结论枝角类和丰年虫无节幼体是大刺鳅仔鱼适宜的开口饵料。
- 大刺鳅 /
- 仔鱼 /
- 饥饿 /
- 开口饵料 /
- 摄食率 /
- 生长 /
- 成活率
Abstract: Objective Effects of starvation stress and different initial starting forages on the feeding, growth and survival rate of Mastacembelue armatus larvae were studied with a reference to the aquaculture. Method Absorptions on yolk sac and fat globules as well as the point of no return (PNR) of starved larvae were observed by methods of experimental ecology. Eel larvae fed with either freshwater cladocera, nauplius of brine shrimp, egg yolk, crustacean powder or prepared Larvstart-A formulation for 24 d were also under continuous observations． Result The feeding started on the eel larvae at 6-day-old in (27.0±1.5)℃water with an initial feeding rate of 100%. The PNR of starved larvae occurred between 14-d and 15-d of age. Starvation delayed the absorptions on yolk sac and fat globules by the larvae. The consumption on live freshwater cladocera and shrimp nauplius began one day after feeding with 100% feeding rate, and followed by rapid growth with a high survival rate. There was no significant difference on the growth and survival rate between the starved larvae and those fed on the artificial forages such as egg yolk, crustacean powder or Larvstart-A (P＞0.05), which were could not be consumed. Conclusion It appeared that the ideal starting diet for M. armatus larvae would be the freshwater cladocera and brine shrimp nauplius.
- Masracembelue armatu /
- larvae /
- starvation /
- starting forage /
- feeding rate /
- growth /
- survival rate

HTML全文

图 1 大刺鳅仔鱼的初次摄食率

Figure 1. Initial feeding rates of M. armatus larvae

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同开口饵料投喂24 h后仔鱼开口摄食率和摄食强度

注：不同字母代表各饵料组之间差异显著(P＜0.05)。

Figure 2. Feeding rate and intensity of M. armatu larvae on various forages after 24 h of feeding

Note: Different letters indicates significant differences among the bait groups (P＜0.05).

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 饥饿和不同开口饵料下大刺鳅仔鱼的全长特定生长率

Figure 3. SGR on body length of M. armatu larvae under feeding with various forages or starvation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 饥饿和不同开口饵料下大刺鳅仔鱼的体质量特定生长率

Figure 4. SGR on body weight of M. armatu larvae under feeding with various forages or starvation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 大刺鳅仔鱼卵黄囊和油球的吸收

Table 1. Absorptions on yolk sac and fat-globules by M. armatu larvae

日龄 Day post hatching/d	饥饿组 Starvation group			对照组 Control group
日龄 Day post hatching/d	仔鱼全长 Total length/mm	卵黄囊体积 Volume of yolk sac/mm³	油球体积 Volume of oil globule/mm³	仔鱼全长 Total length/mm	卵黄囊体积 Volume of yolk sac/mm³	油球体积 Volume of oil globule/mm³
0	5.85±0.11	9.47±0.70 a	0.74±0.09 a	5.85±0.15	9.49±0.69 a	0.79±0.02 a
1	6.65±0.10	7.34±0.14 a	0.64±0.09 a	6.66±0.06	7.38±0.16 a	0.65±0.10 a
2	7.72±0.23	4.20±0.19 a	0.51±0.05 a	7.74±0.13	4.13±0.79 a	0.49±0.07 a
3	8.78±0.16	3.94±0.11 a	0.47±0.10 a	8.79±0.29	4.01±0.21 a	0.50±0.09 a
4	9.18±0.12	3.75±0.24 a	0.30±0.05 a	9.16±0.31	3.69±0.29 a	0.31±0.03 a
5	9.50±0.44	2.55±0.69 a	0.30±0.07 a	9.51±0.19	2.60±0.63 a	0.30±0.06 a
6	10.60±0.26	2.16±0.33 a	0.29±0.06 a	10.69±0.31	2.47±0.32 b	0.29±0.06 a
7	11.78±0.36	1.81±0.23 a	0.27±0.05 a	11.84±0.23	1.31±0.38 b	0.27±0.01 a
8	12.01±0.84	1.45±0.42 a	0.18±0.03 a	12.34±0.32	0.87±0.29 b	0.16±0.03 a
9	12.47±0.62	0.55±0.21 a	0.16±0.05 a	12.98±0.84	0.29±0.08 b	0.11±0.01 b
10	12.49±0.80	0.32±0.01 a	0.09±0.02 a	13.83±0.10	0 b	0.01±0.00 b
11	12.51±0.65	0	0.01±0.00	14.80±0.98	0	0
12	12.48±0.76	0	0	16.91±0.58	0	0
13	12.41±0.73	0	0	18.29±0.86	0	0
注：同行同一项目数据后不同小写字母表示试验组与对照组间差异显著(P＜0.05)。 Note: Different lowercase letters after the same project data indicate significant differences between the test groups (P＜0.05).

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 饥饿和不同开口饵料对大刺鳅仔鱼全长的影响

Table 2. Growth by body length of M. armatu larvae under feeding with various forages or starvation

投喂天数 Feeding days/d	全长 Total length/mm
投喂天数 Feeding days/d	枝角类 Freshwater cladocera	丰年虫无节幼体Nauplius of brine shrimp	蛋黄 Egg yolk	虾奶粉 Shrimp larvae feed	A^#鱼苗开口料 Prepared feed larvstart-A	饥饿组 Starvation group
0	9.48±0.75 a	9.48±0.75 a	9.48±0.75 a	9.48±0.75 a	9.48±0.75 a	9.48±0.75 a
2	11.88±0.75 a	11.88±0.75 a	11.80±0.94 a	11.83±0.91 a	11.88±0.87 a	11.82±0.89 a
4	13.04±0.82ab	13.98±1.01 a	12.85±0.44 b	12.80±0.75 b	12.83±0.58 b	12.81±0.75 b
6	14.66±0.62 a	15.20±0.77 a	12.84±0.69 b	12.83±0.76 b	12.89±0.67 b	12.81±0.89 b
8	17.72±1.17 a	16.79±0.98 a	12.83±0.21 b	12.77±0.54 b	12.72±0.70 b	12.79±0.91 b
10	19.50±1.46 a	19.06±1.11 a	12.79±0.17 b	12.73±0.54 b	12.66±0.43 b	12.76±0.46 b
12	21.42±1.36 a	22.75±1.32 a	12.63±0.48 b	12.59±0.55 b	12.56±0.50 b	12.71±0.42 b
14	23.48±1.67 b	28.46±2.57 a
16	26.20±0.76 b	32.00±1.06 a
18	29.42±1.42 b	35.78±2.00 a
20	32.52±3.06 b	39.91±2.07 a
22	34.91±2.62 b	42.69±3.55 a
24	36.58±1.77 b	44.65±2.53 a
日均增长 Daily length gain/（mm·d⁻¹）	1.13±0.09 b	1.47±0.11 a	0.26±0.07 c	0.26±0.06 c	0.26±0.09 c	0.27±0.08 c
增长率 Growth rate/%	288.19±41.86 b	373.28±44.56 a	33.89±11.84 c	33.35±10.30 c	33.35±14.80 c	34.83±13.30 c
全长特定生长率 Specific growth rate of total length/（%·d⁻¹）	5.63±0.44 a	6.46±0.40 a	2.41±0.73 b	2.38±0.64 b	2.36±0.88 b	2.46±0.83 b
注：同行数据后不同小写字母代表各饵料组之间差异显著(P＜0.05)。表3、4同。 Note: Different letters of the same feeding days indicates significant differences among the bait groups (P＜0.05). The same as Table 3, 4.

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 饥饿和不同开口饵料对大刺鳅仔鱼体质量的影响

Table 3. Growth by body weight of M. armatu larvae under feeding with various forages or starvation

投喂天数 Feeding days/d	体质量 Body mass/mg
投喂天数 Feeding days/d	枝角类 Freshwater cladocera	丰年虫无节幼体 Nauplius of brine shrimp	蛋黄 Egg yolk	虾奶粉 Shrimp larvae feed	A^#鱼苗开口料 prepared feed larvstart-A	饥饿组 Starvation group
0	9.24±0.80 a	9.24±0.80 a	9.24±0.80 a	9.24±0.80 a	9.24±0.80 a	9.24±0.80 a
2	9.92±0.75 a	11.18±1.22 b	9.60±0.77 a	9.80±1.010 a	9.64±0.69 a	9.92±0.91 a
4	10.70±2.17 a	14.20±2.66 b	9.60±1.19 a	9.50±0.71 a	10.23±1.11 a	9.54±1.42 a
6	16.36±1.21 a	20.66±3.05 b	9.40±1.07 c	9.20±0.77 c	9.84±0.73 d	9.32±1.13 cd
8	20.38±1.93 a	24.90±3.75 b	8.70±0.75 c	8.50±0.60 c	8.93±0.91 c	8.33±1.12 c
10	26.94±3.16 a	33.92±4.85 b	7.50±0.38 c	7.40±0.39 c	8.14±0.47 c	7.82±0.68 c
12	38.60±7.08 a	50.08±9.50 b	6.92±0.42 c	7.07±0.58 c	7.64±0.53 c	7.19±0.47 c
14	50.10±8.42 a	79.24±15.52 b
16	68.64±2.33 a	106.48±10.66 b
18	87.38±8.87 a	138.13±17.88 b
20	101.06±27.85 a	172.04±15.09 b
22	113.08±20.14 a	210.64±56.62 b
24	118.58±13.44 a	251.26±68.33 b
日均增重 Daily average weight increasement/（mg·d⁻¹）	4.56±0.58 b	10.08±2.82 a	−0.19±0.09 c	−0.18±0.08 c	−0.13±0.08 d	−0.17±0.09 c
增重率 Weight gain rate/%	1183.33±239.13 b	2619.26±754.73 a	−25.11±4.34 c	−23.49±8.72 c	−17.32±6.92 d	−22.19±8.44 c
体质量特定生长 Specific growth rate of body mass/(%·d⁻¹）	10.63±0.79 b	13.76±1.18 a	−2.41±0.50 c	−2.23±0.95 c	−1.58±0.74 d	−2.09±0.91 c

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 饥饿和不同开口饵料对大刺鳅仔鱼成活率的影响

Table 4. Survival rates of M. armatu larvae under feeding with various forages or starvation （单位：%）

投喂天数 Feeding days/d	饵料组 Diet groups					饥饿组 Starvation group
投喂天数 Feeding days/d	枝角类 Freshwater cladocera	丰年虫无节幼体 Nauplius of brine shrimp	蛋黄 Egg yolk	虾奶粉 Shrimp larvae feed	A^#鱼苗开口料 Prepared feed larvstart-A	饥饿组 Starvation group
0	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a	100.00±0.00 a
2	96.79±1.13 a	95.08±1.54 ab	93.33±0.95 b	95.56±2.40 ab	93.65±1.10 b	93.33±0.95 b
4	92.00±0.83 a	91.51±1.56 a	89.05±2.96 a	90.88±3.68 a	87.63±0.55 a	87.98±2.85 a
6	85.88±5.09 a	85.51±4.81 a	78.68±2.82 b	65.78±0.90 c	67.76±5.19 c	76.63±2.63 b
8	80.30±6.41 a	79.23±6.09 a	47.82±7.06 bc	39.08±5.90 c	42.73±4.72 bc	50.82±3.05 b
10	75.28±8.43 a	74.64±6.97 a	36.06±3.81 b	23.32±7.64 c	29.51±4.82 bc	39.16±3.70 b
12	69.66±9.47 a	68.91±8.02 a	21.66±3.98 b	13.41±3.49 c	15.95±1.04 bc	25.76±2.66 b
14	67.96±10.10 a	65.47±8.56 a	0.00 b	0.00 b	0.00 b	0.00 b
16	65.34±10.38 a	61.85±8.04 a
18	63.26±11.24 a	60.31±8.24 a
20	58.86±11.03 a	56.58±6.18 a
22	57.44±11.58 a	52.54±7.43 a
24	56.18±13.29 a	50.26±6.84 a

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(21)

[1]	黄永春. 汀江大刺鳅食性和繁殖生物学 [J]. 水产学报, 1999, 23(S1):1−6. HUANG Y C. Feeding habit and reproductive biology of Mastacembelus armatus in Tingjiang river [J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 1999, 23(S1): 1−6.(in Chinese)
[2]	曾庆祥, 方园, 曾学平, 等. 大刺鳅的生物学特性与人工繁养殖技术 [J]. 中国水产, 2016(3):70−73. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6681.2016.03.030 ZENG Q X, FANG Y, ZENG X P, et al. Biological Characteristics and Artificial Breeding Techniques of Masracembeluearmatu [J]. China Fisheries, 2016(3): 70−73.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6681.2016.03.030
[3]	薛凌展, 樊海平, 秦志清. 池塘网箱培育大刺鳅种苗试验 [J]. 科学养鱼, 2016(5):6−7. XUE L Z, FAN H P, QIN Z Q. Fry Rearing were conducted innet cage of Masracembelue armatuin pond [J]. Scientific Fish Farming, 2016(5): 6−7.(in Chinese)
[4]	宋聃, 张颖, 麦丽坎, 等. 饥饿和不同饵料对杂交鲟(达氏鳇(♀)×施氏鲟(♂))仔稚鱼生长和消化酶活性的影响 [J]. 淡水渔业, 2015, 45(4):76−81. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6907.2015.04.013 SONG D, ZHANG Y, MAI L K, et al. Effects of starvation and feeding different diets on growth and digestive enzyme activity of Huso dauricus (♀) × Acipenser schrenckii (♂) [J]. Freshwater Fisheries, 2015, 45(4): 76−81.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6907.2015.04.013
[5]	林贞贤, 杨广成. 不同开口饵料对泰山螭霖鱼仔鱼摄食力、存活和生长的影响 [J]. 泰山学院学报, 2015, 37(3):84−88. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2590.2015.03.015 LIN Z X, YANG G C. Effects of initial feeds on food intake, survival rates and growth of scaphesthes macrolepis larvae [J]. Journal of Taishan University, 2015, 37(3): 84−88.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2590.2015.03.015
[6]	吴兴兵, 杨德国, 朱永久, 等. 不同开口饵料对四川裂腹鱼仔鱼生长和成活率的影响 [J]. 淡水渔业, 2014, 44(6):9−12, 23. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6907.2014.06.002 WU X B, YANG D G, ZHU Y J, et al. Effects of initial feeding on the growth and survival of Schizothorax kozlovi Nikolsky larvae [J]. Freshwater Fisheries, 2014, 44(6): 9−12, 23.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6907.2014.06.002
[7]	宋兵, 陈立侨, 高露姣, 等. 饥饿对杂交鲟仔鱼摄食、生长和体成分的影响 [J]. 水生生物学报, 2004, 28(3):333−336. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3207.2004.03.020 SONG B, CHEN L Q, GAO L J, et al. The effects of starvation on feeding, growth and biochemical composition of hybrid sturgeon larvae [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2004, 28(3): 333−336.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3207.2004.03.020
[8]	秦志清. 饥饿对半刺厚唇鱼(Acrossocheilius hemispinus)仔鱼早期发育的主要影响 [J]. 集美大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 20(4):241−248. QIN Z Q. Effects of starvation on feeding, growth, survival and development of acrossocheilius hemispinus larvae [J]. Journal of Jimei University(Natural Science Edition), 2015, 20(4): 241−248.(in Chinese)
[9]	殷名称. 鱼类早期生活史研究与其进展 [J]. 水产学报, 1991, 15(4):348−358. YIN M C. Advances and studies on early life history of fish [J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 1991, 15(4): 348−358.(in Chinese)
[10]	王茂元. 斑鳜仔鱼饥饿试验及不可逆点的确定 [J]. 广东海洋大学学报, 2015, 35(4):99−103. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9159.2015.04.016 WANG M Y. Starvation test on Siniperca scherzeri larvae and acertaining the point of No return [J]. Journal of Guangdong Ocean University, 2015, 35(4): 99−103.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9159.2015.04.016
[11]	殷名称. 北海鲱卵黄囊期仔鱼的摄食能力和生长 [J]. 海洋与湖沼, 1991, 22(6):554−560. YIN M C. Feeding ability and growth of the yolk-sac larvae of north Sea herring [J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 1991, 22(6): 554−560.(in Chinese)
[12]	贾瑞锦, 陈超, 孔祥迪, 等. 饥饿对条纹锯仔鱼的存活、摄食及生长的影响 [J]. 海洋科学, 2014, 38(4):44−49. doi: 10.11759/hykx20130125001 JIA R J, CHEN C, KONG X D, et al. Effects of starvation on suriving, feeding and growth of the Yolk-sac larval of Centropristis striata [J]. Marine Sciences, 2014, 38(4): 44−49.(in Chinese) doi: 10.11759/hykx20130125001
[13]	于欢欢, 陈超, 张廷廷, 等. 饥饿对云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)卵黄囊期仔鱼摄食和生长的影响 [J]. 渔业科学进展, 2015, 36(6):37−42. doi: 10.11758/yykxjz.20150606 YU H H, CHEN C, ZHANG T T, et al. Feeding and growth of Epinephelus moara larvae in the process of nourishing transformation [J]. Progress in Fishery Sciences, 2015, 36(6): 37−42.(in Chinese) doi: 10.11758/yykxjz.20150606
[14]	秦志清. 黑莓鲈(Pomoxis nigromacufatus)仔鱼饥饿试验及PNR的确定 [J]. 福建农业学报, 2014, 29(12):1167−1173. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.004 QIN Z Q. Experimental starvation on Pomoxis nigromacufatus larvae and definition of the point of no return [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 29(12): 1167−1173.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0384.2014.12.004
[15]	乔志刚, 常国亮, 石灵, 等. 不同温度下鲇仔鱼的耐饥饿特性 [J]. 水利渔业, 2007, 28(2):12−13, 33. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-1278.2007.02.005 QIAO Z G, CHANG G L, SHI L, et al. Starvation tolerance of silurusasotus larvae at different temperatures [J]. Reservoir Fisheries, 2007, 28(2): 12−13, 33.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-1278.2007.02.005
[16]	殷名称. 鲢、鳙、草鱼、银鲫卵黄囊期仔鱼的摄食、生长和耐饥饿能力[C]//鱼类学论文集(第六辑). 北京: 科学出版社, 1987: 69-79. YIN M C. Feeding, growth and starvation tolerance of larvae of silver carp, bighead carp, grass carp and silver crucian carp in yolk sac stage [C]//Collection of Fisheries Thesis (Part 6). Beijing: Science Press, 1997: 69-79.
[17]	易建华. 不同开口饵料对胭脂鱼仔稚鱼成活率的影响[D]. 重庆: 西南大学, 2014. YI J H. Effects of initial feeding on rate of survival of larval and juvenile Chinese sucker, Myxocyprinus asiaticus[D]. Chongqing: Southwest University, 2014. (in Chinese)
[18]	殷名称. 鱼类仔鱼期的摄食和生长 [J]. 水产学报, 1995, 19(4):335−342. YIN M C. Feeding and growth of the larva stage. of fish [J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 1995, 19(4): 335−342.(in Chinese)
[19]	海萨, 杜劲松, 刘昆仑, 等. 白斑狗鱼仔、稚鱼的摄食与生长 [J]. 水利渔业, 2006, 26(6):40−41, 43. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-1278.2006.06.015 HAI S, DU J S, LIU K L, et al. Studies on the feeding and growth of larval Esoxlucius [J]. Reservoir Fisheries, 2006, 26(6): 40−41, 43.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-1278.2006.06.015
[20]	黄峰, 严安生, 张桂蓉, 等. 大口鲇仔鱼消化道的组织学观察 [J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2000, 19(1):59−63. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-2421.2000.01.017 HUANG F, YAN A S, ZHANG G R, et al. Observation of the histology of the digestive tract of Silurus meridionalis larvae [J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural, 2000, 19(1): 59−63.(in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-2421.2000.01.017
[21]	朱成德. 仔鱼的开口摄食期及其饵料综述 [J]. 水生生物学报, 1986, 10(1):86−95. ZHU C D. Aspects on the first-feeding stage and foods of fish larvae [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 1986, 10(1): 86−95.(in Chinese)