Effect of Returning Tomato and Cayenne Straws to Field on Growth of Solanaceous Vegetable Seedlings
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摘要:
目的 探索番茄与辣椒秸秆还田的适宜方式。 方法 以番茄和辣椒秸秆为试材，采用盆栽方法，研究番茄和辣椒秸秆不同还田方式（新鲜秸秆粉碎还田、晒干粉碎还田、堆肥后还田）对同科蔬菜番茄、辣椒和茄子幼苗生长的影响及化感效应。 结果 番茄和辣椒新鲜秸秆还田处理抑制了3种蔬菜幼苗的生长，化感负向效应显著，且在还田30 d内对自身蔬菜幼苗生长抑制效应有加强趋势；干样还田处理在还田10 d时对3种茄科蔬菜有化感抑制作用，但到还田30 d时抑制效应消解，同时显著促进了3种蔬菜幼苗根系生长量的增加；堆肥还田处理则对3种蔬菜幼苗生长从还田初始就表现为化感正向促进效应，且随还田时间延长促进作用增强。 结论 在生产中，番茄和辣椒秸秆拉秧后优先选择堆肥还田利用方式，其次为晾晒粉碎还田，同时还田30 d后再定植茄科蔬菜。 Abstract:Objective Means to utilize straws of tomato and chili pepper plants after harvest on solanaceous vegetable fields were explored. Method Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of crushed fresh straws, crushed sun-dried straws, and composted straws from tomato and chili pepper plants for fertilization/soil conditioning on the seedling growth of solanaceous vegetables (i.e., tomato, chili, and eggplant) and the allelopathy of the vegetable field. Result Application of the crushed fresh straws not only significantly inhibited the seedling growth but also induced a significant negative allelopathic effect on the soil. The effect was particularly pronounced in 30 d after the straws were turned into the ground where same family of vegetables was planted. Whereas, when the crushed sun-dried straws were applied, a negative allelopathic effect on the 3 solanaceous vegetables also appeared in 10 d but dissipated after 30 d and followed by a significantly vigorous root growth of the seedlings. On the other hand, the composted straws showed a positive allelopathic effect immediately after the application that continued to enhance with time. Conclusion For solanaceous vegetable farming, tomato and chili straws after composting could conceivably be returned to the field for desirable results. The crushed sun-dried waste material could be added to the soil at least 30 d after seedling planting to mitigate the negative effect. Using the fresh straws, however, would require further study to firstly resolve the harms brought about by the direct application. -
Key words:
- tomato /
- chili pepper /
- strawreturning /
- seedling growth /
- allelopathy
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表 1 试验材料及其养分特征
Table 1. Nutrients in tested straw materials
试验材料
Test material总碳
Total carbon/
（g·kg−1）总氮
Total nitrogen/
（g·kg−1）总磷
Total phosphorus/
（g·kg−1）总钾
Total potassium/
（g·kg−1）C/N 含水量
Water Content/%新鲜的番茄秸秆 Fresh tomato straw 312.30 12.51 1.72 16.51 24.94 85.33 新鲜的辣椒秸秆 Fresh pepper straw 330.10 17.48 2.45 22.26 18.87 82.14 晒干的番茄秸秆 Dry tomato straw 428.20 14.52 6.66 21.32 29.52 14.27 晒干的辣椒秸秆 Dry pepper straw 497.40 18.57 11.33 26.14 26.89 13.56 堆肥后的番茄秸秆 Tomato straw composting 231.20 21.84 12.52 44.31 10.59 15.64 堆肥后的辣椒秸秆 Pepper straw composting 234.90 24.55 16.64 47.82 9.58 13.52 
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表 2 辣椒秸秆不同还田方式对茄科蔬菜幼苗生长的影响
Table 2. Effects of differently treated chili straws on growth of solanaceous vegetable seedlings
处理
Treatment株高
Plant height/cm茎粗
Stem diameter/mm地上部干重
Shoot dry weight/（g·株−1）地下部干重
Root dry weight/（g·株−1）根系体积
Root volume/（mL·株−1）10 d 30 d 10 d 30 d 10 d 30 d 10 d 30 d 10 d 30 d PACK 19.98±1.17 c 28.89±1.29 ab 4.89±0.10 b 5.97±0.35 b 1.26±0.18 b 2.99±0.33 b 0.30±0.00 c 0.79±0.21 c 2.20±0.43 c 5.40±0.77 c PA1 17.81±1.38 d 27.97±1.56 b 4.86±0.25 b 5.86±0.24 b 1.05±0.05 c 3.06±0.47 b 0.25±0.03 c 0.71±0.17 c 2.26±0.28 c 5.32±0.31 c PA2 21.88±0.97 b 29.16±1.30 ab 4.93±0.22 b 6.34±0.27 a 1.18±0.11 bc 4.14±0.65 a 0.43±0.02 b 1.29±0.20 b 4.12±0.28 b 8.00±0.99 b PA3 25.40±1.24 a 30.43±1.45 a 5.47±0.26 a 6.61±0.20 a 1.70±0.09 a 4.61±0.47 a 0.69±0.01 a 2.21±0.29 a 7.50±0.62 a 12.32±0.94 a PBCK 18.65±1.10 a 28.46±1.99 bc 4.32±0.13 a 5.04±0.24 b 0.93±0.11 a 1.63±0.25 a 0.18±0.01 c 0.46±0.06 b 1.82±0.26 b 2.94±0.21 b PB1 16.70±1.52 b 27.10±0.92 c 3.66±0.15 b 4.87±0.46 b 0.66±0.08 b 0.90±0.13 b 0.13±0.01 d 0.50±0.13 b 1.20±0.25 c 2.44±0.28 c PB2 16.27±1.43 b 29.24±1.37 b 4.30±0.17 a 4.90±0.41 b 0.73±0.06 b 1.61±0.34 a 0.22±0.02 b 0.56±0.07 ab 2.28±0.27 a 3.22±0.34 b PB3 19.92±1.01 a 31.11±1.37 a 4.31±0.15 a 5.60±0.37 a 0.86±0.10 a 1.79±0.41 a 0.27±0.01 a 0.68±0.05 a 2.34±0.17 a 3.82±0.29 a PCCK 22.70±0.87 b 30.69±1.85 bc 4.32±0.17 b 4.75±0.23 ab 0.78±0.10 bc 1.91±0.45 b 0.09±0.06 b 0.54±0.05 b 0.86±0.08 c 2.44±0.23 b PC1 21.22±1.46 b 29.21±2.21 c 4.07±0.27 c 4.72±0.32 b 0.66±0.09 c 1.35±0.31 c 0.07±0.01 c 0.39±0.07 c 0.60±0.15 d 1.72±0.16 c PC2 24.60±1.01 a 32.30±2.20 b 4.25±0.12 bc 4.67±0.20 b 0.84±0.09 b 2.05±0.24 b 0.13±0.00 a 0.56±0.04 b 1.48±0.18 a 2.58±0.31 b PC3 24.32±1.22 a 37.04±2.46 a 4.77±0.18 a 5.06±0.36 a 1.02±0.08 a 2.50±0.36 a 0.12±0.01 a 0.88±0.18 a 1.26±0.15 d 5.00±0.35 a 注：P：辣椒秸秆，A：茄子幼苗，B：辣椒幼苗，C：番茄幼苗，CK：空白对照，1：鲜样还田，2：干样还田，3：堆肥还田。同种蔬菜不同小写字母表示还田处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。
Note: P: chili straws, A:eggplant seedlings, B:chili seedlings, C: tomato seedlings, CK: control, 1:crushed fresh straws, 2: crushed sun-dried straws, 3: composted straws. Different lowercase letters on same vegetable denote significant difference between treatments（P＜0.05）.
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表 3 辣椒秸秆不同还田方式对茄科蔬菜幼苗生长的化感效应指数（IR）
Table 3. Allelopathic index（IR）of differently treated chili straws on growth of solanaceous vegetable seedlings
处理
Treatment株高
Plant height茎粗
Stem diameter地上部干重
Shoot dry weight地下部干重
Root dry weight根系体积
Root volume全株干重
Plant dry weight壮苗指数
Seedling index10 d 30 d 10 d 30 d 10 d 30 d 10 d 30 d 10 d 30 d 10 d 30 d 10 d 30 d PA1 −0.108 −0.032 −0.005 −0.018 −0.169 0.024 −0.150 −0.108 0.060 −0.015 −0.166 −0.003 −0.020 −0.085 PA2 0.087 0.009 0.008 0.060 −0.066 0.279 0.309 0.384 0.466 0.325 0.031 0.304 0.190 0.380 PA3 0.213 0.051 0.107 0.097 0.257 0.352 0.572 0.642 0.707 0.562 0.348 0.446 0.482 0.625 PB1 −0.105 −0.048 −0.154 0.001 −0.294 −0.449 −0.315 0.097 −0.341 −0.170 −0.297 −0.327 −0.330 −0.410 PB2 −0.128 0.027 −0.006 0.005 −0.218 −0.013 0.166 0.184 0.202 0.087 −0.149 0.038 0.145 0.074 PB3 0.064 0.085 0.001 0.033 −0.078 0.091 0.315 0.331 0.222 0.230 0.010 0.157 0.269 0.116 PC1 −0.070 −0.048 −0.058 −0.007 −0.154 −0.294 −0.258 −0.280 −0.302 −0.295 −0.165 −0.291 −0.259 0.110 PC2 0.084 0.050 −0.016 −0.017 0.079 0.065 0.282 0.033 0.419 0.054 0.105 0.058 0.243 0.255 PC3 0.066 0.172 0.093 0.061 0.240 0.234 0.206 0.383 0.317 0.512 0.237 0.273 0.275 0.571
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表 4 番茄秸秆不同还田方式对茄科蔬菜幼苗生长的影响
Table 4. Effects of differently treated tomato straws on growth of solanaceous vegetable seedlings
处理
Treatment株高
Plant height/cm茎粗
Stem diameter/mm地上部干重
Shoot dry weight/（g·株−1）地下部干重
Root dry weight/（g·株−1）根系体积
Root volume/（mL·株−1）10 d 30 d 10 d 30 d 10 d 30 d 10 d 30 d 10 d 30 d TACK 7.36±0.25 b 12.40±0.72 b 3.03±0.06 bc 4.03±0.09 a 0.31±0.09 c 0.79±0.09 a 0.07±0.06 c 0.27±0.03 b 1.04±0.16 a 3.30±0.36 b TA1 7.00±0.75 b 10.93±0.70 b 3.21±0.08 ab 3.96±0.08 a 0.40±0.03 b 0.64±0.03 b 0.11±0.06 b 0.24±0.02 b 0.94±0.09 a 2.44±0.46 c TA2 7.66±0.64 b 11.06±0.72 b 2.96±0.15 c 4.04±0.10 a 0.37±0.02 b 0.67±0.03 b 0.08±0.07 c 0.25±0.03 b 0.92±0.08 a 3.08±0.41 b TA3 8.90±0.40 a 14.40±0.96 a 3.27±0.14 a 4.16±0.12 a 0.45±0.02 a 0.79±0.06 a 0.13±0.08 a 0.34±0.06 a 1.04±0.11 a 4.10±0.34 a TBCK 18.00±0.72 c 21.83±0.66 b 3.99±0.09 a 4.46±0.11 c 0.55±0.01 a 1.00±0.01 ab 0.20±0.01 b 0.56±0.01 b 2.28±0.19 a 5.12±0.64 b TB1 17.90±0.90 c 21.36±0.76 b 3.46±0.09 c 4.07±0.09 d 0.51±0.03 b 0.87±0.02 b 0.19±0.004 c 0.34±0.02 d 1.38±0.16 c 3.20±0.30 c TB2 19.70±0.45 b 24.80±0.34 a 3.77±0.08 b 4.96±0.07 b 0.56±0.02 a 1.02±0.06 ab 0.20±0.01 bc 0.51±0.00 c 1.76±0.18 b 5.74±0.48 b TB3 21.23±0.95 a 24.66±0.61 a 4.04±0.07 a 5.26±0.16 a 0.57±0.01 a 1.17±0.16 a 0.24±0.01 a 0.67±0.03 a 2.52±0.21 a 6.58±0.39 a TCCK 17.03±0.97 b 25.83±0.56 c 4.24±0.18 ab 5.37±0.16 a 0.73±0.02 b 1.89±0.16 b 0.21±0.00 b 0.56±0.02 c 0.86±0.08 c 2.44±0.23 b TC1 19.10±0.85 a 27.56±0.80 c 4.11±0.06 bc 5.41±0.09 a 0.58±0.06 c 1.39±0.21 c 0.16±0.01 c 0.69±0.05 b 0.60±0.15 d 1.72±0.16 c TC2 15.53±1.10 b 32.06±1.28 b 3.92±0.12 c 5.70±0.10 a 0.77±0.07 b 1.22±0.05 c 0.13±0.01 d 0.89±0.05 a 1.26±0.15 b 2.58±0.31 b TC3 19.53±1.30 a 30.03±1.10 b 4.44±0.09 a 5.55±0.11 a 0.86±0.02 a 2.38±0.27 a 0.23±0.01 a 0.88±0.06 a 1.48±0.18 a 5.00±0.35 a 注：T：番茄秸秆，A：茄子幼苗，B：辣椒幼苗，C：番茄幼苗，CK：空白对照，1：鲜样还田，2：干样还田，3：堆肥还田。同种蔬菜不同小写字母还田处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。
Note: T: tomato straws, A: eggplant seedlings, B: chili seedlings, C: tomato seedlings, CK: control, 1: crushed fresh straws, 2: crushed sun-dried straws, 3: composted straws. Different lowercase letters on same vegetable denote significant difference between treatments（P＜0.05）.
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表 5 番茄秸秆不同还田方式对茄科蔬菜幼苗生长的影响
Table 5. Allelopathic index（IR）of differently treated tomato straws on growth of solanaceous vegetable seedlings
处理
Treatment株高
Plant height茎粗
Stem diameter地上部干重
Shoot dry weight地下部干重
Root dry weight根系体积
Root volume全株干重
Plant dry weight壮苗指数
Seedling index10 d 30 d 10 d 30 d 10 d 30 d 10 d 30 d 10 d 30 d 10 d 30 d 10 d 30 d TA1 −0.109 −0.032 −0.006 −0.018 −0.167 0.023 −0.167 −0.101 0.027 −0.015 −0.167 −0.003 −0.118 −0.065 TA2 0.087 0.009 0.008 0.058 −0.063 0.278 0.302 0.388 0.466 0.325 0.031 0.304 0.207 0.380 TA3 0.213 0.051 0.106 0.097 0.259 0.351 0.565 0.643 0.707 0.562 0.347 0.446 0.493 0.625 TB1 −0.105 −0.048 −0.153 −0.034 −0.290 −0.448 −0.278 0.080 −0.341 −0.170 −0.288 −0.330 −0.303 0.067 TB2 −0.128 0.027 −0.005 −0.028 −0.215 −0.012 0.182 0.179 0.202 0.087 −0.144 0.037 0.122 0.142 TB3 0.064 0.085 −0.002 0.100 −0.075 0.089 0.333 0.324 0.222 0.230 0.018 0.154 0.212 0.306 TC1 −0.065 −0.048 −0.058 −0.006 −0.154 −0.293 −0.222 −0.278 −0.302 −0.295 −0.161 −0.290 −0.182 −0.269 TC2 0.077 0.050 −0.016 −0.017 0.071 0.068 0.308 0.036 0.419 0.054 0.103 0.061 0.163 0.017 TC3 0.067 0.171 0.094 0.061 0.235 0.236 0.250 0.386 0.317 0.512 0.237 0.275 0.257 0.351
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