充CO<sub>2</sub>气调包装对芝麻原料品质的影响

周巾英; 祝水兰; 欧阳玲花; 罗晶; 冯健雄

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.08.013

充CO₂气调包装对芝麻原料品质的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.08.013

江西省农业科学院农产品加工研究所，江西　南昌　330200

基金项目: 江西省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目（JXARS-18）；江西省农业科学院创新团队项目（2016CJJ004）

详细信息

作者简介:
周巾英（1983−），女，博士，助理研究员，主要从事粮油加工与贮藏研究（E-mail：2627610041@qq.com）

通讯作者:
冯健雄（1963−），男，研究员，主要从事农产品加工与贮藏研究（E-mail：fjx630320@163.com）

中图分类号: S 565.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-09-05
- 修回日期: 2020-08-02
- 刊出日期: 2020-08-19

Quality of Sesame in Controlled Atmosphere Storage with CO₂

Institute of Agricultural Processing, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi　330200, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨在包装袋内充入不同比例的CO₂气体对芝麻储藏品质的影响，为研发绿色、经济的芝麻室温储藏方式提供科学依据。方法在铝箔袋内装入一定量的芝麻，采用气体混合设备与真空包装设备先抽真空，再分别充入不同比例的CO₂与空气的混合气体，封口后置于室温条件下密闭储藏。按照国家标准规定的测定方法，每隔2个月测定芝麻的酸价、过氧化值、碘值、粗脂肪含量和粗蛋白质含量，研究在室温条件下不同比例的CO₂气体对芝麻储藏品质的影响。结果在一年储藏期内，随着储藏时间增加，气调处理的芝麻样品酸价和过氧化值逐渐升高，其中酸价在储藏6个月后突增，达到0.7000 meq·kg⁻¹以上，之后增加缓慢；过氧化值整体呈上升趋势，但上升缓慢；CO₂气体比例大于50%时，芝麻的酸价和过氧化值增加率均低于CO₂气体比例小于50%的样品。碘值呈略微下降趋势，但变化不显著。粗脂肪含量和粗蛋白含量均逐渐降低，CO₂气体比例越高，尤其当CO₂气体比例大于50%时，粗脂肪含量和粗蛋白含量下降越缓慢，充入纯CO₂气体的气调组的粗脂肪含量和粗蛋白含量降幅最少，分别为0.91%和1.56%，显著低于对照组的3.05%和15.02%（P＜0.05）。结论包装袋内的气体成分对芝麻的储藏品质影响较大。CO₂气体比例大于50%时，随储藏时间延长芝麻酸价和过氧化值增加量延缓，粗脂肪和粗蛋白质含量降低也明显延缓，从而达到延缓其氧化酸败进程的效果；在室温条件下采用纯CO₂气体密闭储藏方式，一年内基本能保持芝麻的原有品质。
- 芝麻 /
- 储藏 /
- CO₂ /
- 气调包装 /
- 品质
Abstract: Objective Effect of different concentration of CO₂ in confined environment on quality of sesame was studied for a green and economic storage technology of the food material. Method Sesame were packed in aluminum foil bags under vacuum and fill with CO₂ gas and air in various proportion using a gas mixing device. The changes on 5 indicators, i.e., acid, peroxide, and iodine values, and crude fat and protein contents, of the stored sesame were determined every 2 months according to the national standard method. Result In storage, the acid and peroxide values of the bagged sesame increased gradually with increasing time. After 6 months, the acid value drastically increased reaching up to 0.700 0 meq·kg⁻¹. Then, the increased slowed down till the end. The upward trend on peroxide value was less dramatic. When a bag was filled with more than 50% of CO₂, the rises on acid and peroxide became slower than when less CO₂ gas was used; the iodine value decreased slightly but not significantly; and, the crude fat and protein contents decreased gradually. And, the higher CO₂ proportion in the package, the slower the decrease became. When a bag was filled 100% with CO₂, the decline on fat reduced by 0.42% and that on protein by 0.28%. Comparing to control, which had 3.05% decrease on fat and 15.02% on protein, the effects were statistically significant (P ＜0.05). Conclusion Oxygen in package significantly affected the quality of the stored sesame. By including more than 50% of CO₂ gas in a bag, the increases on acid and peroxide values were significantly reduced, and the reduction of fat and protein delayed, and the onset of rancidity of the sesame postponed. In other words, the original quality of the sesame could basically be maintained at a premium level for a year at room temperature by the controlled atmosphere storage with CO₂.
- sesame /
- storage /
- carbon dioxide /
- controlled atmosphere storage /
- quality

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图 1 二氧化碳气体比例对芝麻粗脂肪含量的影响

Figure 1. Changes on crude fat content of sesame stored in bags with different CO₂ concentrations

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图 2 二氧化碳气体比例对芝麻粗蛋白含量的影响

Figure 2. Changes on crude protein content of sesame stored in bags with different CO₂ concentrations

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表 1 不同CO₂气体比例下芝麻酸价的变化

Table 1. Acid value of stored sesame in bags with different CO₂ concentrations

处理 Treatment	储藏时间 Storage time/月
处理 Treatment	0	2	4	6	8	10	12
CK	0.1950 e	0.2460±0.0089 d	0.2050±0.0046 e	0.7550±0.0096 c	0.7640±0.0053 c	0.7820±0.0036 b	0.8130±0.0026 a
C/A 1∶9	0.1950 e	0.2350±0.0154 d	0.1940±0.0030 e	0.7140±0.0020 c	0.7430±0.0044 b	0.7510±0.0050 ab	0.7610±0.0040 a
C/A 2∶8	0.1950 d	0.2620±0.0035 c	0.1990±0.0101 d	0.7520±0.0036 b	0.7640±0.0020 a	0.7690±0.0035 a	0.7720±0.0040 a
C/A 3∶7	0.1950 e	0.2130±0.0026 d	0.2000±0.0046 e	0.7320±0.0079 c	0.7390±0.0044 bc	0.7450±0.0030 ab	0.7480±0.0056 a
C/A 4∶6	0.1950 f	0.1940±0.0044 f	0.2170±0.0044 e	0.7190±0.0020 d	0.7260±0.0040 c	0.7330±0.0030 b	0.7410±0.0026 a
C/A 5∶5	0.1950 e	0.2050±0.0053 d	0.1970±0.0026 e	0.7200±0.0066 c	0.7280±0.0030 b	0.7360±0.0020 a	0.7380±0.0072 a
C/A 6∶4	0.1950 e	0.1930±0.0036 e	0.2210±0.0036 d	0.7220±0.0020 c	0.7250±0.0030 bc	0.7303±0.0075 ab	0.7350±0.0030 a
C/A 7∶3	0.1950 b	0.2003±0.0075 b	0.2013±0.0170 b	0.7247±0.0025 a	0.7283±0.0059 a	0.7293±0.0031 a	0.7313±0.0035 a
C/A 8∶2	0.1950 d	0.1940±0.0020 d	0.2400±0.0053 c	0.7203±0.0021 b	0.7240±0.0020 ab	0.7233±0.0012 ab	0.7271±0.0011 a
C/A 9∶1	0.1950 d	0.2380±0.0020 c	0.2400±0.0053 c	0.7177±0.0015 b	0.7242±0.0003 a	0.7193±0.0015 b	0.7244±0.0026 a
C/A 10∶0	0.1950 f	0.2150±0.0036 e	0.2420±0.0020 d	0.7147±0.0006 bc	0.7127±0.0021 c	0.7187±0.0031 ab	0.7190±0.0026 a
注：（1）试验从2017年9月开始为期1年，分别于储藏 0、2、4、6、8、10 和 12个月时各取样1次；（2）同一行数据后无相同字母者表示差异达显著水平（P＜0.05）。（表2、3同） Note: (1) Experiment lasted from in September 2017 to September 2018. Samples collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months of storage time; (2) Data with different letters on same row indicate significant difference at P ＜0.05. Same for Tables 2 and 3.

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表 2 不同CO₂气体比例下芝麻过氧化值的变化

Table 2. Changes on peroxide value of sesame stored in bags with different CO₂ concentrations

处理 Treatment	储藏时间 Storage time/month/月
处理 Treatment	0	2	4	6	8	10	12
CK	1.6940 g	1.8950±0.0030 f	2.0660±0.0087 e	2.1190±0.0061 d	2.4130±0.0036 c	2.5660±0.0020 b	2.6120±0.0020 a
C/A 1∶9	1.6940 g	1.7547±0.0083 f	1.8137±0.0080 e	1.8817±0.0321 d	1.9667±0.0462 c	2.0700±0.0400 b	2.2133±0.0306 a
C/A 2∶8	1.6940 d	1.8710±0.0046 c	1.8340±0.0040 c	1.8543±0.0257 c	1.8843±0.0254 c	1.9527±0.0352 b	2.1733±0.0503 a
C/A 3∶7	1.6940 f	1.7900±0.0200 e	1.8127±0.0457 de	1.8390±0.0035 cd	1.8590±0.0020 c	1.9243±0.0123 b	2.0340±0.0026 a
C/A 4∶6	1.6940 f	1.7710±0.0017 d	1.7500±0.0072 e	1.7790±0.0056 d	1.8490±0.0030 c	1.9110±0.0085 b	2.0360±0.0040 a
C/A 5∶5	1.6940 f	1.7540±0.0070 e	1.7453±0.0031 e	1.7763±.0.0045 d	1.8417±0.0040 c	1.8950±0.0139 b	2.0110±0.0105 a
C/A 6∶4	1.6940 f	1.7327±0.0050 e	1.7357±0.0029 e	1.7657±0.0106 d	1.8100±0.0115 c	1.8707±0.0081 b	2.000±0.0122 a
C/A 7∶3	1.6940 f	1.7287±0.0012 e	1.7330±0.0131 e	1.7507±0.0023 d	1.7920±0.0060 c	1.8680±0.0060 b	1.9823±0.0057 a
C/A 8∶2	1.6940 g	1.7187±0.0042 f	1.7293±0.0029 e	1.7410±0.0062 d	1.7673±0.0047 c	1.8327±0.0047 b	1.9693±0.0061 a
C/A 9∶1	1.6940 e	1.7060±0.0072 e	1.7137±0.0045 de	1.7317±0.0040 cd	1.7430±0.0066 c	1.8100±0.0053 b	1.9010±0.0292 a
C/A 10∶0	1.6940 e	1.6997±0.0015 de	1.7087±0.0025 d	1.7263±0.0025 c	1.7310±0.0075 c	1.7773±0.0150 b	1.8577±0.0091 a

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表 3 不同二氧化碳气体比例下芝麻碘值的变化

Table 3. Changes on iodine value of sesame stored in bags with different CO₂ concentrations

处理 Treatment	储藏时间 Storage time/month/月
处理 Treatment	0	2	4	6	8	10	12
CK	108.7780 b	108.3743±0.4531 b	112.7493±0.3786 a	106.9493±0.1896 c	106.1783±0.3191 d	104.6603±0.5325 e	103.9197±0.2236 f
C/A 1∶9	108.7780 bc	108.1840±0.6308 c	109.0770±0.3190 b	112.1437±0.3958 a	107.1303±0.3826 d	106.5577±0.4164 d	105.2470±0.5978 e
C/A 2∶8	108.7780 b	107.1723±0.6629 c	112.2160±0..4740 a	106.3010±0.4928 cde	106.5017±0.4679 cd	105.7113±0.4923 de	105.4337±0.6317 e
C/A 3∶7	108.7780 a	108.3513±0.5237 a	108.9987±0.5150 a	109.0987±0.5467 a	108.7807±0.4690 a	107.4287±0.5372 b	106.9143±0.3695 b
C/A 4∶6	108.7780 b	108.3253±0.4599 bc	109.0080±0.5196 b	111.6440±0.4681 a	108.1363±0.4769 bc	107.6173±0.5334 c	106.2087±0.5460 d
C/A 5∶5	108.7780 b	106.2923±0.5033 d	111.8679±0.4965 a	108.3550±0.4585 bc	107.5627±0.5278 c	107.7853±0.5362 c	106.6860±0.4746 d
C/A 6∶4	108.7780 a	108.4953±0.4514 a	107.3623±0.5267 b	109.0763±0.3031 a	107.3193±0.3944 b	106.8167±0.5110 b	107.2157±0.4434 b
C/A 7∶3	108.7780 a	108.4630±0.4215 ab	109.001±0.5072 a	106.0633±0.6812 e	107.7410±0.4361 bc	107.1317±0.5822 cd	106.8053±0.3789 de
C/A 8∶2	108.7780 a	108.3220±0.4990 a	107.2187±0.4985 b	108.7900±0.4473 a	108.5580±0.4642 a	107.3187±0.3989 b	106.7927±0.4518 b
C/A 9∶1	108.7780 a	108.4070±0.4556 ab	107.7680±0.5295 bc	107.5937±0.5332 bc	106.9473±0.5739 c	107.1570±0.4801 c	106.9113±0.2785 c
C/A 10∶0	108.7780 b	108.2593±0.5281 bc	112.1357±0.9232 a	107.8580±0.6827 bcd	107.2877±0.5418 cde	106.9537±0.5221 de	106.5707±0.5422 e

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