摘要:
1986年至今11年来,汕优63一直是中国水稻种植面积最大的良种,平均每年约种植467万hm2,占全国籼稻区总面积的22%左右,1990年种植687万hm2,占当年全国水稻总面积的27.1%.1996年种植面积达447万hm2左右,仍居全国首位,11年来,该良种种植面积一直是第二大主栽品种的4～5倍。推广的范围跨越地球21.3个纬度、20.2个经度(100°36′E至121°56′E,17°36′N至37°49′N).至今已在全国16个省区种植5270万hm2左右,根据四年全国区试结果,每公顷增产1.1t,一般达7.5～9.0t/hm2,最高达13.9t/hm2,累计增产粮食585.4亿kg.汕优63种植面积之大,“当家”时间之久,遍布地域之广,是中国稻作史上所罕见的,其原因是多方面的,本文着重介绍了汕优63的光合特性:光补偿点低、光饱和点高、剑叶净光合率高。研究结果还表明:汕优63不同栽培季节、不同施肥水平和不同栽培密度的光合特征值、群体光能利用率均有所不同。文章指出,各地种植汕优63应研究该地区适宜的播插期,栽培密度和施肥水平,以充分发挥光合潜力,达到高产目的。
Abstract:
The cultivated ar ea of“Shany ou63"has been kept the first in China since 1986.The average cultivated area one year is 4.67 million hectare,about 22%of the area of indica zone in China and particularly 27.1% in 1990.The cult ivated area of shanyou 63 also reached 4.47 million hectare in 1996,nearly 4-5 t imes that o f the seco ndar y one fo r the past 11 years.It is cultivated all over the indica cultiv ated zone from 17°36′N to 37°49′N and fr om 100°36′E to 121°56′E.It has been cultivated 52.67 millio n hectare and increased by about 58.5 billion kg grain from the year 1986 to 1996.A ccor ding to the national regional yield trial,it incr eased 1.1t grain perhectare com-paring with CK.General grain yield was 7.5t to 9tper hectare and the highest was 13.9tper hectare.T his paperint roduces the photo synthetic charac teristics of Shany ou 63:low light compen- satio n point,hig h lig ht sat ur ation point and high net photo synthesis efficiency of flag leaf.This re- search also indicates that the photo synthetic character istics and the group solar energy unitilization efficiency of Shanyou 63 are different in different cultivated seaso ns,differ ent soil types and fer- tiliser levels and differ ent plant density.In order to bring its photosynthetic potentiality into full play and to achieve high yield,suitable so wing and plant ing season,cultiv ated density and fertilizer application level should be studied in the different zones.
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