摘要:
本文总结了福建省水稻育种发展过程中,曾经历过矮化育种及“三系法”杂种优势利用两次突破,目前正面临第三次突破,即“两系法”籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用。分析了引起三次突破性发展的主要因素:一是新的设想,二是材料上的突破。论述了本省今后水稻育种发展战略:应以常规育种为基础,以杂交水稻研究为重点,不断发展育种新技术。常规育种的主攻方向是选育丰、抗、优、适兼顾的中熟早籼,并从类型、熟期、丰产性、抗性、米质等方面加以分析;杂交水稻的研究方向是从“三系法”发展为“两系法”,从品种间杂种优势利用发展为籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用,同时把“两系法”与亚种间杂种优势利用溶为一体。常规育种与杂交水稻是相互联系、相互渗透、相互促进的辩证关系。新技术育种必须与常规育种紧密结合,取长补短,发挥各自优势。
Abstract:
The paper summarized the process of rice breeding research of Fujian Province. There have been two breakthrough events: short-stature rice breeding and hybrid rice breeding in "three-line method". At present, there is a third breakthrough event, i.e., the use of sub-specific heterosis to produce Indica-Japonica hybrid rice in "two-line method". The paper also analysed two main factors which have led to the three breakthrough events in rice breeding; one is new ideas and the other is new materials.The strategy of the development of future rice bredding in Fujian Province was proposed. The breeder must make conventional breeding as the base, lay emphasis on hybrid rice breeding and develop new breeding technology.The conventional breeding aims at selecting and breeding mid-maturity and early-season Indica rice varieties with high yield, multi-resistance, good quality and wide adaptability. Hybrid breeding follows "two-line method", not "three-line method", and uses sub-specific heterosis, not varietal heterosis. Conventional breeding and hybrid breeding have an associated, penetrated and promoted relationship.New technology must be closely coordinated with conventional breeding. It can take advantage and overcome shortage,bringing their superiority into full play.
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