杂交水稻组合抽穗期的遗传分析

陈斌

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.09.008

杂交水稻组合抽穗期的遗传分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.09.008

陈斌

福建省松溪县农业技术推广站，福建　松溪　353500

基金项目: 福建省科技计划引导性项目（2018N0007）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈斌（1967−），男，高级农艺师，主要从事作物栽培和品种选育、示范推广研究（E-mail：sxxzzz@163.com）

中图分类号: S 511
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-02-13
- 修回日期: 2020-08-05
- 刊出日期: 2020-09-28

Genetics of Combination Rice Hybrids at Heading Stage

CHEN Bin

Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Songxi County, Songxi, Fujian　353500, China

摘要

摘要: 目的水稻的抽穗期是一个复杂的遗传性状，其决定了水稻品种适应的生态区域，了解抽穗期的遗传基础，对水稻高产育种具有重要意义。方法以华占为研究材料，构建天优华占、恒丰优华占、五丰优华占3个杂交组合的P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂、BC_1-1、BC_1-2等6个遗传世代群体。运用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合模型分析生育特性的遗传效应。结果 3个杂交组合抽穗期的最适遗传模型均为MX1-AD-ADI。F₂群体的主基因遗传率分别为10.13%、12.64%、13.65%，多基因遗传率分别为88.45%、85.94%、83.66%；BC_1-1群体的主基因遗传率变幅为15.16%～23.66%，多基因遗传率变幅为65.33%～69.75%，抽穗期遗传模式与F₂群体相似，主要受多基因控制；而以保持系为轮回亲本的3个回交群体BC_1-2的抽穗期则受主基因和多基因共同影响，主基因遗传率变幅为42.03%～47.78%，多基因遗传率变幅为45.17%～50.77%。结论抽穗期受多基因控制，遗传基础复杂。在育种中的抽穗期选择上，应根据不同群体的遗传特性进行生育期的选择。
- 水稻 /
- 抽穗期 /
- 主基因+多基因 /
- 遗传分析
Abstract: Objective The very complex genetic characteristics at heading stage that dictate the adaptability of a rice variety to ecological zones were studied. Method Using Huazhan as male parent, populations of 6 generations (i.e., P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, BC_1-1, and BC_1-2) of combination rice hybrids, Tianyou Huazhan (TH), Hengfengyou Huazhan (HH), and Wufengyou Huazhan (WH), were constructed. Genetic analysis on the heredity of plant height was performed using the "main gene+polygene hybrid genetic model" on the populations. Result MX1-AD-ADI was found to be the best fit genetic model for the heading of all 3 hybrids. On F₂, the main genetic heritability of TH was 10.13%, that of HH 12.64%, and that of WH 13.65%; and, the polygenic heritability of TH was 88.45%, that of HH 85.94%, and that of WH 83.66%. For the BC_1-1 population, the main gene heritability ranged from 15.16% to 23.66%, and the polygene from 65.33% to 69.75%. For the two populations, the genetic patterns at the heading stage were mainly controlled by the polygenes. But the heading of the 3 backcrossing BC_1-2 populations with the maintainer as recurrent parent were affected by both the main genes and polygenes with the former exerting a heritability between 42.03% and 47.78 %, and the latter between 45.17% and 50.77%. Conclusion Rice heading was highly complicatedly controlled by multiple genes. In breeding, selection of heading period would, therefore, require a thorough analysis beforehand on the genetic characteristics of the specific target population.
- Rice (Oryza sativa L.) /
- heading stage /
- main genes+polygenic /
- genetic analysis

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图 1 3个群体F₁、F₂、BC_1-1、BC_1-2的分离群体的播始天数频次分布

注：BC_1-1为以华占为轮回亲本、BC_1-2是以天丰B、恒丰B、五丰B作为轮回亲本

Figure 1. Frequency distribution of number of days from sowing to heading in 3 F₁, F₂, BC_1-1, and BC_1-2 populations

Note: metempsychosis parent of BC_1-1 was Huachan; that of BC_1-2 Tianfeng B, Hengfeng B, and Wufeng B.

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表 1 3个杂交组合的6个遗传世代播抽天数田间表现（$\scriptstyle\overline{\bf{X}}$±sd）

Table 1. Heading days of 3 combination hybrids in 6 generations（$\scriptstyle\overline{\bf{X}}$±sd）　　　　　　　　　 d

世代 For generations	天优华占 Tianyou Hua zhan	恒丰优华占 Hengfengyou Hua zhan	五丰优华占 Wufengyou Hua zhan
P₁	81.53±0.51	81.53±0.51	81.53±0.51
P₂	70.20±0.81	69.47±0.51	63.67±0.48
F₁	80.77±1.25	75.73±0.91	77.30±0.70
F₂	75.71±3.77	76.49±5.65	75.28±4.07
BC_1-1	81.44±1.61	82.13±1.69	78.21±2.60
BC_1-2	67.67±3.48	69.49±2.51	64.83±2.38

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表 2 3个杂交组合的抽穗期最优备选遗传模型分析

Table 2. Best fit genetic model for heading of 3 combination hybrids

性状 Shape and properties	天优华占 Tianyou Huazhan			SN	恒丰优华占 Hengfengyou Huazhan			SN	五丰优华占 Wufengyou Huazhan			SN
性状 Shape and properties	模型 model	MLV	AIC	SN	模型 model	MLV	AIC	SN	模型 model	MLV	AIC	SN
抽穗期 heading period	PG-ADI	−2293.65	4607.298	8	PG-ADI	−2316.18	4652.356	8	MX2-ADI-AD	−2189.39	4402.777	6
	MX1-AD-ADI	−2292.46	4608.923	7	MX1-AD-ADI	−2314.23	4652.461	7	MX2-ADI-ADI	−2186.06	4408.128	6
	MX2-ADI-ADI	−2289.97	4615.931	7	MX2-ADI-ADI	−2310.75	4657.431	7	MX1-AD-ADI	−2191.61	4413.215	5
注：SN表示遗传模型的适合性检验U₁²、U₂²、U₃²、nW²、Dn的统计量的显著个数, PG-ADI为加性−显性−上位性多基因遗传模型，MX1-AD-ADI为1对加性−显性主基因+加性−显性−上位性多基因遗传模型、MX2-ADI-ADI为2对加性−显性−上位性主基因+加性−显性−上位性多基因遗传模型、MX2-ADI-AD为2对加性−显性−上位性主基因+加性−显性多基因遗传模型。 Note: SN: statistic significant number for model fitting U₁², U₂², U₃², nW², and Dn; PG-ADI: additive−dominant−epigenetic polygenic genetic model; MX1-AD-ADI: pair of additive−dominant main genes+additive−dominant−epigenetic polygenic genetic model; MX2-ADI-ADI: 2 pairs of additive−dominant−epitropic major genes+additive−dominant−epigenetic multigene genetic model; MX2-ADI-AD: 2 pairs of additive−dominant−epitropic major genes+additive−dominant polygenic inheritance model.

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表 3 3个杂交组合后代抽穗期的主基因和多基因遗传参数

Table 3. Parameters on main genes and polygenes in offspring of 3 combination hybrids at heading stage

参数值[计] Parameter values	参数 Parameter	天优华占 Tianyou Hua zhan	恒丰优华占 Hengfengyou Hua zhan	五丰优华占 Wufengyou Hua zhan
一阶参数估计值 1^st order parameter estimates	m₁	81.533 3	81.533 3	81.531 3
	m₂	70.201 5	69.471 6	63.670 8
	a	2.295 5	2.556 6	2.094 4
	d	1.008 6	1.117 3	1.531 3
	d/a	0.439 4	0.437 0	0.731 1
二阶参数估计值 2^nd-order parameter estimates	σ_mg²（B₁）	0.432	0.534 6	1.601 3
	h_mg²（%）	15.160 0	18.759 9	23.655 6
	σ_pg²（B₁）	1.964 3	1.861 7	4.721 6
	h_pg²（%）	68.931 4	65.331 5	69.752 0
	σ_mg²（B₂）	2.644 3	3.230 7	3.025 3
	h_mg²（%）	42.026 6	45.846 5	47.781 8
	σ_pg²（B₂）	3.194 3	3.362 8	2.860 0
	h_pg²（%）	50.768 4	47.720 3	45.170 2
	σ_mg²（F₂）	3.229 6	4.027 5	2.261 1
	h_mg²（%）	10.132 5	12.635 8	13.653
	σ_pg²（F₂）	28.190 8	27.392 9	13.854 9
	h_pg²（%）	88.445 2	85.941 9	83.660 0
注：m₁、m₂分别为P₁、P₂的播始天数均值；a为1对主基因的加性效应值；d为1对主基因的显性效应值； Note: m₁ and m₂ are mean values of P₁ and P₂ at heading stage, respectively; a is additive effect value of main gene; d is dominant effect value of main gene.

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