Effect of different fertilization conditions on the planting of Kandelia obovata seedlings and soil microorganisms
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摘要:
目的 探明肥料种类和施肥量对秋茄幼苗生长的影响以及土壤微生物的响应。 方法 选用3种有机肥和1种无机肥，以不施肥组（CK）为对照，设置了4个施肥量梯度，测定了秋茄幼苗株高、叶长、叶宽、叶片数增长量、叶绿素含量，并对土壤微生物群落进行了16S rRNA 基因高通量测序。 结果 秋茄最适施肥条件是9.74 g·kg−1基质的尊龙牌蚓肥，120 d后株高、叶长、叶宽、叶数增长量比对照组分别高117.50%、51.15%、63.34%、178.57%。施有机肥、无机肥和对照组的土壤微生物群落组成差异明显，施有机肥土壤中有更多特有的微生物。施有机肥土壤微生物α多样性变化趋势与植物生长指标变化趋势正相关，而施无机肥的呈负相关。表明有机肥可能通过促进土壤微生物与植物协同的方式进而有助于植物生长。施有机肥提高了土壤潜在有益菌，如放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）和Nitrospira、 Nocardioides、Limibaculum属丰度。 结论 施适量有机肥协同促进秋茄生长和土壤微生物多样性，而施无机肥对秋茄生长促进作用相对较小，并对土壤微生物多样性产生负面影响。 Abstract: :Objective The effects of fertilizer type and application rate on the growth of Kandelia obovate seedlings and the response of soil microorganisms were studied using the mangrove plant Kandelia obovate. Method Three kinds of organic fertilizers and one kind of inorganic fertilizer were selected, and four gradients of fertilizer application were set up with the no-fertilizer group (CK) as the control, and the height increment, leaf length increment, leaf width increment, leaf number increment, and chlorophyll content of autumn Kandelia obovate were determined, and the soil microbial community was sequenced by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Result The optimum fertilization condition for Kandelia obovate was 9.74 g·kg−1 substrate of Zun Long fertilizer, which resulted in 117.50%, 51.15%, 63.34%, and 178.57% higher in plant height, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf number, respectively, than the control subjects after 120 days. The soil microbial community composition differed significantly between organic, inorganic fertilizers and control, with more unique microorganisms in the organic fertilized soils. The trend of soil microbial α-diversity of organic fertilizers was positively correlated with the trend of plant growth indicators, while the inorganic fertilizers were negatively correlated suggesting that organic fertilizers may promote plant growth by promoting synergistic interactions between soil microorganisms and plants. We further found that application of organic fertilizers increased the abundance of potentially beneficial soil bacteria such as Actinobacteriota and genera Nitrospira, Nocardioides, and Limibaculum. Conclusion The application of moderate amounts of organic fertilizers synergistically promoted growth of Kandelia obovate and soil microbial diversity, whereas the application of inorganic fertilizers had a relatively small effect on the growth of Kandelia obovate and negatively affected soil microbial diversity. -
Key words:
- Fertilizer conditions /
- Kandelia obovate /
- Mangrove plant /
- Soil microbial communities
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图 1 秋茄幼苗在不同施肥条件下株高、叶片数、叶长、叶宽的增长量
注：不同小写字母表示同种肥料不同施肥量下的均值差异达显著水平（P＜0.05）。图3同。
Figure 1. Increments of plant height, leaf number, leaf length and leaf width of Kandelia obovata seedlings under different fertilization conditions
Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the mean values of the same fertilizer under different fertilization rates（P＜0.05）. Same for Fig. 3.
图 2 秋茄幼苗在不同施肥条件中生长指标PCA分析
注：图中的每个点表示一个施肥处理组。ZG：株高增长量；YPS：叶片数增长量；YC：叶长增长量；YK：叶宽增长量。YLMM：原绿苗木蚓肥；YLTY：原绿通用蚓肥；ZL：尊龙蚓肥；SS：市售复合肥；T1-T4：1-4处理组。
Figure 2. PCA analysis of growth indexes of Kandelia obovata seedlings under different fertilization conditions
Note: Dots in the figure represent treatment group. ZG: plant height increment; YPS: leaf number increment; YC: leaf length increment; YK: leaf width increment. YLMM: YLMM fertilizer; YLTY: YLTY fertilizer; ZL: ZL fertilizer; SS: SS fertilizer; T1-T4: 1-4 Treatment group.
图 3 秋茄幼苗在不同施肥条件下叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素
Figure 3. Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b and Total Chlorophyll in Kandelia obovata seedlings under different fertilization conditions
图 4 各实验组土壤微生物群落组成多维尺度分析(MDS)（A）和微生物ASVs数韦恩图分析（B）
Figure 4. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis of soil microbial community composition in each experimental group (A) and Venn diagram analysis of microbial ASVs numbers (B)
图 5 各实验组土壤微生物ASVs数（A）和香浓维纳指数（B）
注：图中不同字母表示单因素方差分析有显著差异（P＜ 0.05）。
Figure 5. Number of soil microbial species (A) and Shannon-Wiener Index in each experimental group (B)
Note: Different letters indicate significant differences with one-way ANOVA（P＜ 0.05）.
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