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解淀粉芽孢杆菌B1619对连作西瓜生长及枯萎病发生的影响

王夏雯 孟佳丽 刘永锋 陈志谊 张智慧 余翔

王夏雯,孟佳丽,刘永锋,等. 解淀粉芽孢杆菌B1619对连作西瓜生长及枯萎病发生的影响 [J]. 福建农业学报,2019,34(11):1302−1308. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.11.010
引用本文: 王夏雯,孟佳丽,刘永锋,等. 解淀粉芽孢杆菌B1619对连作西瓜生长及枯萎病发生的影响 [J]. 福建农业学报,2019,34(11):1302−1308. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.11.010
WANG X W, MENG J L, LIU Y F, et al. Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B1619 on Growth and Fusarium Wilt of Continuous Cropping Watermelon [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2019,34(11):1302−1308. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.11.010
Citation: WANG X W, MENG J L, LIU Y F, et al. Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B1619 on Growth and Fusarium Wilt of Continuous Cropping Watermelon [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2019,34(11):1302−1308. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.11.010

解淀粉芽孢杆菌B1619对连作西瓜生长及枯萎病发生的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.11.010
基金项目: 宿迁市农业科技自主创新资金项目(SQCX201801);宿迁市科技支撑计划项目(L201711)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    王夏雯(1982−),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:西瓜新品种选育及连作障碍消减技术研究(E-mail:xiawen77@163.com)

    通讯作者:

    余翔(1983−),男,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:西瓜新品种选育与栽培技术研究(E-mail:yx003@163.com

  • 中图分类号: S 435

Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B1619 on Growth and Fusarium Wilt of Continuous Cropping Watermelon

  • 摘要:   目的  明确解淀粉芽孢杆菌B1619对连作西瓜枯萎病的防效,并探讨其合理施用方法。  方法  在连续种植4年西瓜的土壤环境下,采用随机区组设计,研究供试微生物菌剂在不同施用方式和施用剂量下,对连作西瓜生长、枯萎病发生及根际土壤主要菌群的影响。  结果  解淀粉芽胞杆菌B1619采用穴施方式、剂量(18+9)g·穴−1时对连作西瓜的增产率达到43.20%,中心糖、边糖、商品率均显著增加。该施用方法有效改变了连作西瓜根际的菌群环境,其中细菌数量在开花期和成熟期分别是对照的1.93倍和1.27倍,病原菌尖孢镰刀菌数量分别降低为对照的33.38%和37.19%。  结论  解淀粉芽胞杆菌B1619采用穴施方式、剂量(18+9)g·穴−1对4年连作西瓜产量、品质提升,西瓜枯萎病防治效果最好。
  • 图  1  B1619对连作西瓜根际土壤细菌数量的影响

    Figure  1.  Effect of B1619 on bacteria count in rhizosphere soil at continuous cropping watermelon field

    图  2  B1619对连作西瓜根际土壤真菌数量的影响

    Figure  2.  Effect of B1619 on fungi count in rhizosphere soil at continuous cropping watermelon field

    图  3  B1619对连作西瓜根际土壤放线菌数量的影响

    Figure  3.  Effect of B1619 on actinomyces count in rhizosphere soil at continuous cropping watermelon field

    图  4  B1619对连作西瓜根际土壤尖孢镰刀菌数量的影响

    Figure  4.  Effect of B1619 on F. oxysporum count in rhizosphere soil at continuous cropping watermelon field

    表  1  西瓜枯萎病病情分级标准

    Table  1.   Standards for classifying watermelon wilt

    病情级数
    Level of Fusarium wilt of watermelon
    病症
    Characterization
    0级 植株生长正常
    1级 植株萎蔫,占全株的1/4及以下,瓜果生长正常
    2级 植株萎蔫,占全株的1/4至1/2,瓜皮表面稍有褪色
    3级 植株萎蔫,占全株的1/2以上,茎蔓上有琥珀色胶状物,根部病茎表面产生白色或粉红色霉层,果实萎蔫缩小
    4级 全株枯萎并死亡
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同施用方式和使用剂量对连作西瓜生长指标的影响

    Table  2.   Effect of application method and dosage of B1619 on growth of continuous cropping watermelons

    处理
    Treatment
    主蔓长
    Plant height/cm
    茎粗
    Stem diameter/mm
    叶面积
    Leaf area/cm2
    叶片数
    Leaf number per plant/(片·株−1)
    叶绿素含量SPAD值
    Chlorophyll contentSPAD
    伸蔓期
    The Stretching Stage
    开花期
    The Flowering Stage
    成熟期
    The Ripening Stages
    伸蔓期
    The Stretching Stage
    开花期
    The Flowering Stage
    成熟期
    The Ripening Stages
    伸蔓期
    The Stretching Stage
    开花期
    The Flowering Stage
    成熟期
    The Ripening Stages
    伸蔓期
    The Stretching Stage
    开花期
    The Flowering Stage
    成熟期
    The Ripening Stages
    伸蔓期
    The Stretching Stage
    开花期
    The Flowering Stage
    成熟期
    The Ripening Stages
    T1灌根
    T1Root-drenching
    52.1 d 141.3 c 257.3 c 5.4 b 6.6 b 7.3 b 140.5 b 181.0 b 289.7 d 9.4 b 20.3 b 26.3 a 58.5 a 63.2 a 61.3 a
    T2灌根
    T2Root-drenching
    67.1 b 159.8 b 304.0 a 6.2 a 7.2 a 8.0 b 203.8 a 236.3 a 370.8 b 11.8 a 22.6 a 27.9 a 56.7 a 61.5 a 58.6 a
    T3灌根
    T3Root-drenching
    60.8 c 147.6 c 287.7 b 5.5 b 6.8 ab 7.7 b 151.2 b 215.8 a 339.7 c 11.0 ab 19.0 b 27.3 a 56.9 a 62.6 a 58.8 a
    T1穴施
    T1 Hole fertilization
    60.1 c 144.6 c 278.3 b 5.0 b 6.6 b 7.9 b 145.2 b 214.8 a 291.6 d 10.0 b 19.2 b 28.0 a 56.9 a 62.5 a 60.0 a
    T2穴施
    T2 Hole fertilization
    75.1 ab 168.0 a 309.0 a 6.6 a 7.5 a 8.8 a 233.1 a 240.7 a 390.8 b 12.6 a 19.8 b 28.3 a 55.0 a 61.9 a 57.3 a
    T3穴施
    T3 Hole fertilization
    83.1 a 179.2 a 312.0 a 6.8 a 7.5 a 9.0 a 218.2 a 240.7 a 425.7 a 12.4 a 20.2 b 28.5 a 54.3 a 60.4 a 56.4 a
    CK 54.6 d 145.2 c 255.3 c 5.3 b 6.3 b 7.4 b 148.5 b 179.1 b 295.2 d 9.9 b 20.9 b 26.3 a 58.0 a 62.2 a 60.4 a
    注: 同列数据后不同小写字母表示各处理间在0.05水平上差异显著,下同。
    Note: Data followed by different lowercase letters on a same column are significantly different at 0.05 leve1. Same for the following.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  不同施用方式和使用剂量对连作西瓜产量、品质的影响

    Table  3.   Effects of application method and dosage of B1619 on yield and quality of continuous cropping watermelons

    处理
    Treatment
    地上部瓜蔓鲜重
    The FW of aerial part/(g·株−1)
    地上部瓜蔓干重
    Dry weight of aerial part/(g·株−1)
    单瓜重
    Watermelon fruit weight/kg
    小区产量
    Plot yield/kg
    产量
    Yield /(t·hm−2)
    增产率
    Increase rate/%
    中心糖度
    Central sugarcontent/%
    边缘糖度
    Edge sugar content/%
    商品率
    Commodity rate/%
    T1灌根
    T1Root-drenching
    793.35 c 66.72 b 2.38 c 92.80 c 25.79 c 1.75 c 9.47 c 6.10 d 36.84 c
    T2灌根
    T2Root-drenching
    902.05 b 70.05 b 2.70 b 107.50 b 29.88 b 17.87 b 10.84 ab 8.08 b 59.65 b
    T3灌根
    T3Root-drenching
    844.60 bc 69.35 b 2.69 b 102.60 b 28.51 b 12.50 bc 10.50 b 8.20 ab 56.14 b
    T1穴施
    T1 Hole fertilization
    799.50 c 66.81 b 2.57 b 98.80 bc 27.46 b 8.33 c 10.00 bc 7.13 c 54.39 b
    T2穴施
    T2 Hole fertilization
    1 088.55 a 85.44 a 3.14 a 130.60 a 36.30 a 43.20 a 11.22 a 8.52 a 73.68 a
    T3穴施
    T3 Hole fertilization
    1 074.20 a 78.91 a 3.23 a 133.00 a 36.96 a 45.83 a 11.18 a 8.44 a 75.44 a
    CK 777.36 c 59.86 c 2.37 c 91.20 c 25.35 c 9.30 c 5.83 d 29.82 c
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  不同施用方式和使用剂量对连作西瓜病情指数的影响

    Table  4.   Effect of application method and dosage of B1619 on wilt control

    处理
    Treatment
    座果中期病情指数
    Disease index of the fruit developing Stages
    成熟期病情指数
    Disease index of the Ripening Stages
    防治效果
    Disease control rate/%
    T1灌根
    T1Root-drenching
    0 b51.75 b21.86 c
    T2灌根
    T2Root-drenching
    0 b33.33 c49.67 b
    T3灌根
    T3Root-drenching
    0 b35.09 c47.02 b
    T1穴施
    T1 Hole fertilization
    0 b36.84 c44.37 b
    T2穴施
    T2 Hole fertilization
    0 b21.49 d67.55 a
    T3穴施
    T3 Hole fertilization
    0 b21.05 d68.21 a
    CK 10.07 a66.23 a
    下载: 导出CSV
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    [28] BLOM D, FABBRI C, CONNOR E C, et al. Production of plant growth modulating volatiles is widespread among rhizosphere bacteria and strongly depends on culture conditions [J]. Environmental microbiology, 2011, 13(11): 3047−3058. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02582.x
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2019-07-24
  • 修回日期:  2019-10-08
  • 刊出日期:  2019-11-01

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