Effect of Continuously Cropped Tobacco Soil on Growth,Development,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco
-
摘要: 为探讨不同连作年限土壤对烤烟品质的影响, 在云南大理祥云县田间定位试验基地, 以烤烟品种红花大金元 (红大, HD) 为材料, 研究不同连作年限植烟土壤对烟株生长发育、产量及品质的影响。结果表明, 随着植烟土壤连作年限的增加: (1) 烟株进入团棵期、旺长期和现蕾期的生育期时间推迟, 农艺性状变差; (2) 烟株根黑腐病、黑胫病、根结线虫病逐渐加重; (3) 烟株的硝酸还原酶、过氧化氢酶活性逐渐降低; (4) 烤烟产量、产值、均价、上中等烟比例等经济性状逐渐下降; (5) 烟叶的常规化学成分含量和协调性逐渐偏离最佳值, 质量变劣。说明植烟土壤连作年限增加会导致烟株氮素同化速度降低, 氮代谢失衡, 体内有害物质累积, 进而导致烟草生长发育受阻, 生长势变弱, 并影响相关化学成分的转化, 最终导致烟株抵御病虫能力下降, 产量和品质下降, 表现出典型的连作障碍特征并具有累加效应。Abstract: Effects of continuously cropped tobacco soils on the growth, yield and quality of the flue-cured tobacco variety, HD, were studied with a field experiment at Xiangyun, Yunnan.The results showed that, as the cropping years increased, (1) the growth of the tobacco plants was retarded with prolonged growth periods and reduced agronomic traits; (2) the occurrence of tobacco diseases, such as black root rot, black shank, and root-knot nematode, became gradually serious; (3) the activities of tobacco nitrate reductase and catalase reduced; (4) the yield, output value, average price and high-to-middle-quality ratio of the flue-cured tobacco leaves decreased; (5) the contents and balance of the chemical composition of the cured leaves began to gradually deviated from the optimum values.At the same time, the quality of cured leaves deteriorated.It was concluded that, as the cropping years of the same tobacco field increased, the rate of nitrogen assimilation was reduced and the plant′s nitrogen metabolism imbalanced, while harmful substances accumulated.As a result, the plant chemistry was ill-affected, the growth stunned, the disease-and pest-resistance reduced, and the tobacco yield and quality lowered.
-
Key words:
- flue-cured tobacco /
- consecutive monoculture /
- quality /
- yield
-
[1] LIU H Y, WANG F, WANG Y P, et al.The causes and control of continuous cropping barrier in dihuang[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2006, 21 (4) :131-132. [2] CHEN H, HAO H R, XIONG J, et al.Effects of successive cropping Rehmannia glutinosa on rhizosphere soil microbial flora and enzyme[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007, 18 (12) :2755-2759. [3] 尤垂淮.不同耕作措施对消减烟草连作障碍的作用机制研究[D]福州:福建农林大学, 2012. [4] 马云华, 魏珉, 王秀峰.日光温室连作黄瓜根区微生物区系及酶活性的变化[J].应用生态学报, 2004, 15 (6) :1005-1008. [5] 张晓玲, 潘振刚, 周晓锋, 等.自毒作用与连作障碍[J].土壤通报, 2007, 38 (4) :781-784. [6] 张淑香, 高子勤.连作障碍与根际微生态研究Ⅱ.根系分泌物与酚酸物质[J].应用生态学报, 2000, 11 (1) :152-156. [7] 韩丽梅, 阎飞, 王树起, 等.重迎茬大豆根际土壤有机化合物的初步鉴定及对大豆种子萌发的化感作用[J].应用生态学报, 2000, 11 (4) :582-586. [8] 吴凤芝, 孟立君, 文景芝.黄瓜根系分泌物对枯萎病菌菌丝生长的影响[J].中国蔬菜, 2002, (5) :26-27. [9] 刘丽, 甘志军, 王宪泽.植物氮代谢硝酸还原酶水平调控机制的研究进展[J].西北植物学报, 2004, 24 (7) :1355-1361. [10] 陈金峰, 王宫南, 程素满.过氧化氢酶在植物胁迫响应中的功能研究进展[J].西北植物学报, 2008, 28 (1) :188-193. [11] 中国国家标准化管理委员会GB/T23222-2008烟草病虫害分级及调查方法[S].南京:江苏凤凰出版社, 2009:1-3. [12] 王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].第2版.北京:高等教育出版社, 2006:124-126. [13] 张志良.植物生理学实验指导[M].第4版.北京:高等教育出版社, 2003:98-99. [14] 肖协忠, 吴帼英, 王宝华, 等.烟草化学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1997:50, 65, 165-194. [15] 陈冬梅.作物多样性栽培对烟草连作障碍的生态调控机制[D].福州:福建农林大学, 2010. [16] 晋艳, 杨宇虹, 段玉琪, 等.烤烟连作对烟叶产量和质量的影响研究初报[J].烟草科技, 2002, (1) :41-45. [17] ALLING M J, BOLAND G, WILLSON J H.Relation between acid proteinase activity and redistribution of nitrogen during grain development in wheat[J].Plant Physiology, 1976, (3) :721-730. -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 124
- HTML全文浏览量: 24
- PDF下载量: 0
- 被引次数: 0
下载:
