Breeding Management for Large Population of Pigs in Large-scale Piggery of Microbial Fermentation Bed
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摘要: 开展微生物发酵床大栏养殖1500头猪群管理的研究。以猪日龄为核心, 观察体重范围、平均体重、日增重、饲喂天数、日采食量范围、日均采食量、阶段采食量、累计采食量、料重比、累计料重比等, 建立了一套猪群生长状况动态模型, 包括: (1) 建立了猪体重 (y) 与日龄 (x) 模型为y=0.7589x-19.883 (R2=0.9937) , (2) 建立了猪增重 (y) 与日龄 (x) 幂指数关系模型为y=1.0395x0.5051 (R2=0.8854) , (3) 建立了日均采食量 (y) 与日龄 (x) 模型为y=0.0235x-0.3343 (R2=0.9917) , (4) 建立了猪料重比 (y) 与日龄 (x) 线性关系模型为y=0.022x+0.4278 (R2=0.9885) 等, 作为理论值, 判别特定日龄下猪生长状况。当猪体重、猪增重、日均采食量、猪料重比实际值低于理论值时, 必须寻找原因, 加强猪的管理。对微生物发酵床大栏养殖1 500头猪群, 6077日龄生长阶段的日均采食量观察, 可以看出在6065日龄发酵床猪日均采食量低于理论值, 表明发酵床养殖初期, 猪还有个适应过程, 到了7075日龄发酵床猪日均采食量高于理论值, 表明猪已适应发酵床养殖, 特别在75日龄发酵床猪日均采食量提高21%, 表明发酵床养猪更加有利于猪的生长。微生物发酵床大栏养殖猪群的主要病害有:皮炎 (痘状斑疹) 、拉稀 (消化道疾病) 、咳嗽 (呼吸道疾病) 、僵猪 (营养不良) 、眼病 (眼结膜炎) 、外伤 (拐脚) , 未发现烈性传染病。从发酵床养猪发生的病害看, 整体发病情况比较低, 各种病害的发病率不超过10%, 治疗的难度也不大, 只要加强垫料管理, 注意喂食, 保障水质干净, 许多的病害可以自愈。Abstract: Breeding management for large population of 1500 pigs in large-scale piggery of microbial fermentation bed was studied on pig day age as the core, observing the weight, daily gain, feed, daily feed intake, F/G ratio (feed conversion ratio) and so on.Swine growth dynamic models were established, including (1) the model of pig weight (y) with age (x) :y = 0.7589 x-19.883 (R2= 0.9937) , (2) the power exponent relation model of pig weight increase (y) with age (x) :y = 1.0395 x0.5051 (R2= 0.8854) , (3) the model of pig average daily feed intake (y) with age (x) :y = 0.0235 x-0.3343 (R2=0.9917) , (4) the model of pig feed conversion ratio (y) with age (x) :y = 0.022 + 0.4278 x (R2=0.9885) , etc.The results were discriminated from the models as the theoretical value for pig growth under specific days of age.When the actual values of pig weight, pig gain, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio etc.were lower than the theoretical value, it must be found the reason to strengthen the management of swine.On observation of 1500-pigs group in large-scale piggery of microbial fermentation bed, it could be seen in the 60-65 days age that the pig average daily feed intake was lower than the theoretical value, showing that the pig had adaptive process to the microbial fermentation bed in early farming.By the 70-75 days of age the pig average daily feed intake was higher than the theoretical value, displaying that pig breeding had adapt to the microbial fermentation bed, especially in the 75 days of age the pig average daily feed intake increaced by 21%to reveal that the microbal fermentation bed was more conducive to the growth of pigs.The main diseases of pigs in microbial fermentation bed were dermatitis- pox macula, diarrhea and gastrointestinal diseases, cough-respiratory diseases, frozen pig-malnutrition, eye disease-conjunctivitis, trauma-turn feet, deadly infectious diseases was not found.The overall incidence of pig disease was low with less than 10%.The treatment for the disease was not difficult to strengthen the management of bedding, such as paying attention to feeding, ensuring water quality clean, many diseases could heal itself.
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