摘要:
本文所涉及的芽胞杆菌(Bacillus-like)是指来自芽胞杆菌属及其近缘属的能形成具有极强抗逆性的内生孢子即芽胞的一大类厚壁菌门细菌。它们广泛分布于多样化的环境中,而且已经在食品、农林业、工业、生物技术、医学、冶金、环保、军事等领域得到广泛应用,因此,芽胞杆菌的分类研究一直是非常重要的基础性工作。随着实验技术和研究方法的改进,越来越多的芽胞杆菌种类被发现,然而,有大量的新种和新属还没有中文译名;同时,有许多种类的分类地位发生了变动或被合并。这些情况常给我国相关领域的科技人员应用和处理这些物种的名称带来混乱和困惑。本文根据LPSN网站中“具有命名地位的原核生物名称的名录”截至2014年12月底为止的更新版本和《伯杰氏系统细菌学手册》第二版第3卷厚壁菌门的相关信息,结合充分的文献研究,共整理出芽胞杆菌相关的5科71属753种,并在文中列出芽胞杆菌属及其近缘属的分类地位的变动情况以及相关科、属、种的拉丁文学名和中文译名。
Abstract:
The Bacillus-like bacteria in this paper are defined as a great variety of the Firmicutes bacteria,which belong to the genus Bacillus and related genera in taxonomy and can form endospores with very strong resistance.The Bacillus-like bacteria exist in extremely diverse environment,and they have been widely used in food-stuff,agriculture and forestry,industry,biotechnology,medicine,metallurgy,environmental protection,military and other fields.Therefore,researches on taxonomy of the Bacillus-like bacteria are always very important and fundamental work.With the improvement of experimental techniques and research methods,more and more Bacillus-like species are discovered.However,a large number of new species and genera have not been assigned their corresponding Chinese names.On the other hand,many Bacillus-like species have been changed their taxonomic status and a few Bacillus-like species have been combined with corresponding species due to synonyms.Certainly,these changes cause chaos and confusion for the related researchers in China.According to the recently updated version(2014December)of the‘List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature'on the LPSN website and‘Berger′s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology,Volume 3:The Firmicutes'(the second edition),753 species of the Bacillus-like bacteria that belong to 5families and 71 genera were listed in this paper.Furthermore,changes in taxonomy of the genus Bacillus and related genera were presented and the Latin names and Chinesenames of each family,genus and species were listed,respectively.Our work would play a certain role in promoting research and application of the Bacillus-like bacteria in China.
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