摘要:
采用国标的方法,对同一海域大围网、池塘和网箱三大养殖模式下大黄鱼肌肉的营养成分进行测定,以野生大黄鱼为对照,分析不同养殖模式大黄鱼肌肉营养成分差异。结果表明,养殖大黄鱼肌肉蛋白质含量低,粗脂肪含量、能值和E/P值较高;不同组间氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量和儿童必需氨基酸总量均存在显著性差异(P<0.05);呈味氨基酸含量、支/芳值组间差异均不显著(P>0.05);必需氨基酸指数均大于80%,E/T、E/N均符合FAO/WHO模式;饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、DHA+EPA、必需脂肪酸和ΣUSFA/ΣSFA组间均存在显著性差异(P<0.05);ΣSFA/ΣMUFA/ΣPUFA、Σ(n-6)PUFA/Σ(n-3)PUFA均符合中国营养学会模式;各指标以大围网养殖大黄鱼肌肉为最佳,但是除脂肪酸外均差于野生大黄鱼。不同养殖模式间营养成分的显著性差异,与投喂鲜冻鱼类饵料、养殖环境有关。因此,在饲料研究及实际生产中应确定合理饵料脂肪含量和必需氨基酸组成比例,须保证饵料鲜度,同时要增加养殖的水体空间。
关键词:
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大黄鱼 /
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养殖 /
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野生 /
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营养成分
Abstract:
Nutrient contents of the large yellow croakers,Pseudosciaena crocea Richardson,grown in seine net,pond or net cage fed with same feed were compared with those of the fish caught in the wild.The results showed that(a)the protein content of the wild croakers was higher than those of the aquacultured counterparts,(b)the fat and energy contents and E/P ratio were lower in the wild than the aquacultured croakers,(c)the total,essential and essential for children amino acids were significantly different among the groups grown under different settings,(d)no significant difference was found in the flavoring amino acids orΣBCAA/ΣAAA in the fish raised in the different aquaculural settings(P>0.05),(d)the essential amino acid content in the fish was greater than 80% of the total amino acids,(e)the E/T and E/N ratios of all samples fell within the FAO/WHO model,(f)significant differences were found among the groups on the contents of saturated,monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids,as well as DHA+EPA andΣUSFA/ΣSFA(P<0.05),and(g)theΣSFA/ΣMUFA/ΣPUFA andΣ(n-6)PUFA/Σ(n-3)PUFA indices of the fish from all groups followed those formulated by Chinese Nutrition Society.Other than the fatty acids,all of the evaluation criteria on the croakers grown in seine net were the best among the fish from the tested groups.
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