Antagonistic Effect of Trichoderma spp. Strains on Botrytis cinerea
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摘要: 为明确木霉菌对福建省番茄灰霉病菌的抑制效果，研究了8株木霉菌对病原菌的拮抗作用。结果表明，在对峙培养条件下，供试木霉菌能显著抑制灰霉病菌菌丝生长，其抑制率为86.83%~91.39%，不同木霉菌株的发酵液对病原菌菌丝生长具有不同程度的抑制效果，其差异达显著水平。其中，菌株FJ2006-8发酵液的抑制生长率最高，为39.44%。此外，供试的木霉菌均能产生非挥发性和挥发性代谢产物，其中，菌株FJ2006-8的非挥发性代谢产物对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制效果最佳，抑制率为61.09%；而菌株T05-58的挥发性代谢产物对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制率最高，为22.95%。研究结果可为木霉菌生防菌剂的开发以及番茄灰霉病的绿色防控提供理论依据。Abstract: Antifungal activities of 8 strains of Trichoderma spp. on Botrytis cinerea in Fujian was studied. By means of confrontation culture, all of the strains were shown to effectively inhibit the mycelial growth of the pathogen with inhibition rates ranging from 86.83% to 91.39%. The fermentation broths of the Trichoderma strains differed significantly in their inhibiting effects on hyphal growth of the pathogen. The broth from FJ2006-8 was found to render the highest inhibition rate of 39.44% among all. All tested strains produced volatile as well as non-volatile metabolites. The non-volatile metabolites produced by FJ2006-8 showed the greatest inhibitory effect, reaching a rate of 61.09%, while the volatiles from T05-58 exhibited the highest rate of 22.95%. The results would provide the needed information to develop a biocontrol agent from Trichoderma for the disease on tomato plants caused by the gray mold.
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Key words:
- Trichoderma spp. /
- Botrytis cinerea /
- antagonism /
- metabolite
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图 1 木霉菌对番茄灰霉菌丝生长的抑制作用
注：A和C为分别对峙培养42 h和144 h后，木霉菌对番茄灰霉的抑制作用；B为空白对照；D为木霉菌FJ2006-8对番茄灰霉的重寄生(箭头所示)。
Figure 1. Inhibitory effect of Trichoderma spp. on mycelium growth of B. cinerea
表 1 平皿对峙下木霉菌对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制活性
Table 1. Inhibition activity of Trichoderma spp. on B. cinerea in confrontation culture
木霉菌
菌株编号6 h木霉菌菌丝
平均增长速率
/mm6h病原菌菌丝
平均增长速率
/mm病原菌菌丝
生长抑制率
/%FJ2007-3 4.74 0.47 89.96 FJ2010-51 5.12 0.50 90.23 T05-58 5.12 0.50 90.23 T05-49 5.98 0.78 86.85 FJ2006-8 4.88 0.64 86.83 FJ2007-2 4.98 0.59 88.03 C1-1 5.26 0.45 91.39 T05-48 6.17 0.69 88.81 病菌CK - 2.67 - 
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表 2 木霉菌发酵液对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制活性
Table 2. Inhibition activity of fermentation broths of Trichoderma spp. on B. cinerea
木霉菌菌株编号 抑制率/% FJ2007-3 27.29±1.24BCbc FJ2010-51 26.50±3.64BCbc T05-58 14.35±1.83DEd T05-49 23.11±4.83CDc FJ2006-8 39.44±0.91Aa FJ2007-2 10.36±2.15Ed C1-1 33.87±2.49ABab T05-48 12.95±1.38Ed 注：同一列中不同大小写字母代表差异极显著和显著水平。下表同。
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表 3 木霉菌非挥发性代谢产物对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制活性
Table 3. Inhibition activity of non-volatile metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp. on B. cinerea
木霉菌菌株编号 抑制率/% FJ2007-3 52.73±1.23Ccd FJ2010-51 54.50±1.85BCbcd T05-58 53.38±1.23BCcd T05-49 53.05±1.66Ccd FJ2006-8 61.09±1.62Aa FJ2007-2 55.63±1.29BCbc C1-1 56.91±0.74Bb T05-48 52.09±0.64Cd
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表 4 木霉菌挥发性代谢产物对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制活性
Table 4. Inhibition activity of volatile metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp. on B. cinerea
木霉菌菌株编号 抑制率/% FJ2007-3 11.58±1.26BCDbc FJ2010-51 10.74±3.86BCDbc T05-58 22.95±2.75Aa T05-49 18.11±3.48ABCab FJ2006-8 9.05±2.89CDc FJ2007-2 8.00±3.48CDc C1-1 3.16±0.73Cd T05-48 20.42±3.84ABa
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