Effects of Percarbamide and Two Nitrogenous on pH, Nitrogen Transformation, and Exchangeable Metal Ions in Soil from Banana Plantations
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摘要: 通过对香蕉土壤进行室内土培试验，研究过碳酰胺、尿素和硫酸铵对香蕉土壤pH、氮素转化和6种交换性金属离子（Al、Mn、Cu、Ca、Mg、Fe）含量的影响。静态和动态试验结果表明，土壤的pH值随着过碳酰胺和尿素含量增加而升高，而随着硫酸铵含量增加土壤的pH值变化不大。过碳酰胺、尿素和硫酸铵培养的土壤，随着培养天数的增加，土壤pH值呈下降趋势，与交换性铝呈负相关；土壤pH值与土壤中的铵态氮含量呈现负相关；与硝态氮的含量呈现正相关；与土壤中的交换性Mn、Ca、Mg的含量呈现负相关，与交换性Cu的含量呈现正相关。交换性Fe含量在3种肥料处理过程没有显著变化。Abstract: Effects of percarbamide, urea, and ammonium sulphate on the pH, nitrogen transformation, and contents of exchangeable metal ions, i.e., Mn, Cu, Ca, Mg, Fe and Al, in soil from banana plantations were studied in an indoor incubation experiment that included a static and a dynamic test. The results from the static test showed that the soil pH increased with increasing percarbamide and urea, but it did not responded to the added ammonium sulfate, while the exchangeable Al was negative correlated with pH in the soil. The dynamic test demonstrated that the soil pH decreased with a prolonged incubating time, as the exchangeable Al had a negative correlation with the soil pH; and, the ammonium nitrogen in soil increased initially and followed by a decrease to reach a constant state till the end, while the nitrate nitrogen content tended to rise continuously. On the exchangeable metal ions, the concentrations of Mn and Mg showed an upward trend, that of Cu increased at first and then decreased, and that of Ca decreased initially but increased later on in the soil with a percarbamide application. In the soil with added urea, Mn, Ca and Mg showed an overall increasing trend, and Cu a downward trend, while Fe appeared unaffected. Whereas, the application of ammonium sulphate resulted in general declines on Mn, Ca and Cu with an increase on Mg in the soil, while no significant difference on Fe.
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Key words:
- percarbamide /
- urea /
- ammonium sulphate /
- pH /
- nitrogen transformation /
- exchangeable metal ions
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图 3 施用不同含量3种肥料对香蕉土壤交换性铝的变化影响
Figure 3. Contents of exchangeable Al in soil with varied addition levels of percarbamide, urea or ammonium sulphate
图 5 施用过碳酰胺对香蕉土壤的pH值和5种金属离子的影响
Figure 5. Effects of percarbamide, urea and ammonium sulphate on pH and contents of 5 exchangeable metal ions in soil
图 6 施用尿素对香蕉土壤的pH值和5种金属离子的影响
Figure 6. Effects of urea on pH and contents of 5 exchangeable metal ions in soil
图 7 施用硫酸铵对香蕉土壤的pH值和5种金属离子的影响
Figure 7. Effects of ammonium sulphate on pH and contents of 5 exchangeable metal ions in soil
表 1 香蕉土壤理化性质
Table 1. Physicochemical properties of soil from banana plantations
土壤
类型pH 有机质
含量/
(g·kg-1)交换性金属/(mg·kg-1) Al Mn Cu Ca Mg Fe 香蕉土 6.4 0.13 2.732 27.91 5.87 411.56 146.11 17.83 
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表 2 香蕉土壤pH随过碳酰胺、尿素和硫酸铵浓度的变化(7d)
Table 2. Changes of soil pH with varied addition levels of percarbamide, urea or ammonium sulphate in 7 days
肥料
类型肥料浓度/(mmol·kg-1) 0 5 15 25 40 60 过碳酰胺 5.37 5.63e 6.28d 7.06c 8.09b 8.38a 尿素 5.55 5.66e 6.33d 6.91c 7.94ab 8.31a 硫酸铵 5.47 4.99a 5.00a 5.02a 4.91a 4.94a 注：表中同行数据为平均值，同行数据中字母相同表示差异不显著，字母不同表示差异显著(P < 0 05)。下表同。
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表 3 分别施加过碳酰胺、尿素及硫酸铵后香蕉土壤pH的短期变化
Table 3. Short-term changes of soil pH with varied addition levels of percarbamide, urea or ammonium sulphate
肥料类型 培养时间/d 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 过碳酰胺 5.37 5.00e 8.56a 8.38ab 8.23b 7.39c 7.26cd 6.90d 尿素 5.55 8.75a 8.54ab 8.39b 7.68c 7.19d 7.17d 6.40e 硫酸铵 5.47 5.18c 5.77a 5.58ab 5.38b 5.19c 5.11c 4.83d
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表 4 分别施加过碳酰胺、尿素及硫酸铵后香蕉土壤pH的长期变化
Table 4. Long-term changes of soil pH with varied addition levels of percarbamide, urea or ammonium sulphate
肥料类型 培养时间/周 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 过碳酰胺 5.37 8.23a 6.90b 5.26c 5.34c 4.86d 5.11cd 4.28e 尿素 5.55 7.68a 6.40b 4.76c 4.71c 4.45cd 4.37cd 4.36cd 硫酸铵 5.47 5.38a 4.83b 4.47b 4.41bc 4.35bc 4.33bc 4.25c
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