杂交水稻育种骨干亲本的米质分析

王颖姮; 蔡秋华; 廖长见; 郑燕梅; 何炜; 张建福; 谢华安

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.03.003

杂交水稻育种骨干亲本的米质分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.03.003

王颖姮^{1, 2, 3,},
蔡秋华^{2, 3},
廖长见³,
郑燕梅^{2, 3},
何炜^{2, 3},
张建福^{1, 2, 3, ,},
谢华安^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
福建农林大学作物学院，福建福州 350002
2.
福建省农业科学院水稻研究所，福建福州 350019
3.
农业部华南杂交水稻种质创新与分子育种重点实验室/福州 (国家)水稻改良分中心/福建省作物分子育种工程实验室/福建省水稻分子育种重点实验室/福建省作物种质创新与分子育种省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地/杂交水稻国家重点实验室华南研究基地/水稻国家工程实验室，福建福州 350003

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2016YFD0101801

福建省科技计划项目——省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项 2015R1021-8

福建省科技计划项目——省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项 2015R1021-7

详细信息

作者简介:
王颖姮 (1982-)，女，助理研究员，在职博士研究生，主要从事水稻分子育种研究 (E-mail:realfishw@qq.com)

通讯作者:
张建福 (1971-)，男，博士，研究员，主要从事水稻分子育种研究 (E-mail:jianfzhang@163.com)

谢华安 (1941-)，男，研究员，主要从事杂交水稻育种研究 (E-mail:huaanxie@163.com)

中图分类号: S511
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-01-15
- 修回日期: 2017-02-21
- 刊出日期: 2017-03-01

Grain Quality of Primal Parental Lines in Hybrid Rice Breeding

WANG Ying-heng^{1, 2, 3
,},
CAI Qiu-hua^{2, 3},
LIAO Chang-jian³,
ZHENG Yan-mei^{2, 3},
HE Wei^{2, 3},
ZHANG Jian-fu^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
XIE Hua-an^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian China, 350002
2.
Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350019, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Fujian Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding Between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences & Technology/Base of South-China, National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice/National Rice Engineering Laboratory of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China

摘要

摘要: 全面系统地评价杂交水稻骨干育种亲本的米质性状，对于杂交水稻稻米品质性状改良具有重要的指导意义。本研究对274份来源于中国十余个水稻主产区的骨干育种亲本及部分国外来源的育种材料进行了基于类群划分的米质分析。研究结果表明，7项米质性状中，籼稻糙米率、透明度、胶稠度和直链淀粉含量的平均值达到三等以上标准，粳稻糙米率、整精米率、透明度、胶稠度和直链淀粉含量的平均值达到三等以上标准。籼稻米质性状优质达标率变化范围为27.7%~97.7%，粳稻米质性状优质达标率变化范围为16.7%~100%，籼、粳稻垩白性状的优质达标率均较低。籼稻类群中，恢复系和保持系的垩白性状和直链淀粉含量是米质性状改良的重点，常规稻直链淀粉含量较优，热带籼稻中IR43、GIZA 178等米质性状优良，是杂交育种的有利种质资源。筛选出10项米质指标均达三级以上的各类亲本材料共23份，这些育种材料可以作为优异的米质性状改良的基因供体加以利用。另一方面，应加强垩白性状优良的种质资源的引进和利用。
- 水稻骨干亲本 /
- 籼稻 /
- 粳稻 /
- 米质 /
- 品质改良
Abstract: Grain quality of primal parental rice lines is a key element for evaluation in breeding new varieties. This article presents the results of a population structure-based analysis on the quality of 274 primal parental lines of hybrid rice used in China and abroad. It was found that, in general, the average brown rice yield and the transparency, gel consistency and amylose content (AC) of the grains of indica rice exceeded the grading criteria for the 3^rdquality tier. For japonica rice, the brown rice yield, head milled rice rate, and the transparency, gel consistency and AC of the grains met the high quality criteria.The percentages of indica that showed superior quality indices varied between 27.7% to 97.7% among all; while japonica, 16.7% to 100%. Grain chalkiness were low for all indica and japonica. Among indica, chalkiness and AC needed the greatest attention for improvements onthe restorer as well as the maintainer lines; AC was good on the conventional rice; and, the overall quality of IR43 and GIZA 178 tropical indica was considered excellent for breeding purposes. In all, 23 primal parental lines were found to have all 10 quality traits graded as high, or higher than, the 3^rd tier. Hence, they could be potential candidates for breeding new rice varieties. As for the deficiency on grain chalkiness, it was recommended that specific germplasms with the desirable trait be introduced for breeding to mitigate the shortcoming in the future.
- rice primal parental lines /
- indica rice /
- japonica rice /
- grain quality /
- quality improvement

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图 1 274份水稻材料基于Nei遗传距离的近邻树

Figure 1. Neighbor-joining tree for 274 lines based on Nei's genetic distance

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表 1 籼稻和粳稻的米质性状及优质达标率比较

Table 1. Comparison of grain quality traits and superior quality rate for indica and japonica.

米质性状	平均值		变异系数CV/%		米质性状	优质达标率/%
	籼稻 (n=256)	粳稻 (n=18)	籼稻 (n=256)	粳稻 (n=18)		籼稻 (n=256)				粳稻 (n=18)
	籼稻 (n=256)	粳稻 (n=18)	籼稻 (n=256)	粳稻 (n=18)		优一级	优二级	优三级	合计	优一级	优二级	优三级	合计
糙米率/%	78.7	80.2	1.6	1.5	糙米率	4.7	38.7	48.4	91.8	0.0	33.3	55.6	188.9
整精米率/%	50.1	68.0	20.1	6.4	整精米率	23.0	12.5	12.1	47.7	44.4	33.3	16.7	94.4
垩白度/%	11.4	11.1	103.2	68.3	垩白度	0.0	8.2	19.5	27.7	0.0	5.6	11.1	16.7
透明度/%	2.0	1.9	45.5	41.3	透明度	33.6	42.6	42.6	76.2	33.3	38.9	38.9	72.2
碱消值	4.9	5.3	26.1	20.0	碱消值	37.5	37.5	21.5	59.0	0.0	0.0	55.6	55.6
胶稠度/mm	87.3	80.1	16.0	14.9	胶稠度	94.1	94.1	3.5	97.7	72.2	72.2	27.8	100
直链淀粉含量/%	20.7	16.6	35.8	11.8	直链淀粉含量	34.8	2.0	0.0	36.7	83.3	11.1	0.0	94.4

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表 2 籼稻不同亚群米质性状及优质达标率

Table 2. Comparison of grain quality traits and superior quality rate for sub-population of Indica

米质性状	平均值				米质性状	优质达标率/%
米质性状	恢复系 (n=112)	保持系 (n=25)	常规稻 (n=44)	热带籼稻 (n=75)	米质性状	恢复系 (n=112)	保持系 (n=25)	常规稻 (n=44)	热带籼稻 (n=75)
糙米率/%	78.4	78.9	78.6	79.1	糙米率	92.0	88.0	90.9	90.7
整精米率/%	50.4	53.3	51.6	47.9	整精米率	50.0	64.0	52.3	36.0
垩白度/%	11.5	8.6	18.4	8.3	垩白度	18.8	36.0	27.3	34.7
透明度/%	2.3	1.8	2.1	1.5	透明度	61.6	88.0	75.0	94.7
糊化温度/ADV	4.6	5.3	5.3	5.1	糊化温度	49.1	84.0	70.5	58.7
胶稠度/mm	91.0	73.2	88.5	85.8	胶稠度	98.2	88.0	97.7	100.0
直链淀粉含量/%	17.3	22.9	19.9	25.5	直链淀粉含量	45.5	44.0	54.5	14.7

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表 3 7项米质指标均在三级以上的育种亲本米质性状

Table 3. The parental lines which 7 indices for grain quality all achieved high-quality standards and their grain quality traits

类型	名称	糙米率/%	整精米率/%	垩白度/%	透明度/%	GT碱消值GT/ADV	GC胶稠度/mm	直链淀粉含量/%
恢复系	泸恢17	78.9	56.0	4.2	2	6.5	85	14.2
	亚恢627	80.2	57.6	5.0	2	6.5	85	14.3
	内恢5550	78.6	54.6	4.3	2	6.3	100	13.6
	成恢727	77.5	59.6	2.8	1	6.0	98	14.9
	CNR69	78.0	63.0	3.1	1	6.5	90	15.7
	CNR136	78.7	57.7	2.0	1	6.0	90	13.3
	CNR166	78.5	60.5	4.6	1	5.5	90	13.8
	福恢7013	78.5	52.5	3.5	1	6.0	90	14.9
保持系	58025B	81.1	58.4	4.8	1	6.0	92	16.9
	内香1B	79.8	62.1	3.1	1	6.0	85	15.4
	泸香618B	78.6	57.1	3.0	1	6.0	85	19.7
常规稻	华航1号	81.0	66.4	4.9	1	6.0	90	13.9
	金航丝苗	77.8	63.3	3.0	1	6.0	100	15.8
	华航丝苗	79.4	63.5	3.7	1	6.5	95	15.6
	胜巴丝苗	77.7	66.1	3.7	1	6.5	85	15.2
	华航31	78.4	59.9	3.4	1	6.5	85	15.5
热带籼稻	IR43	79.3	58.8	2.7	1	6.5	100	17.9
	IR-BB 61	79.4	52.4	3.1	1	6.0	83	14.8
	CT 18148-6-9-5-1-2-MMP	79.7	52.6	2.4	1	6.0	100	17.6
	GIZA 178	79.1	70.2	4.4	1	6	90	13.7
	Q431	77.3	56.9	4.7	2	6.0	90	16.0
热带粳稻	IR 80098-40-3-1-2	81.3	71.1	3.7	1	6.0	75	15.4
	IR 83265-1-1-13-1-1-27-3-10-1-1-1	80.0	69.3	1.8	1	6.0	90	15.5

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