低氧胁迫下小菜蛾的两性生命表研究

刘天生; 温梅芳; 柯富士; 何玮毅; 尤民生

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.03.015

低氧胁迫下小菜蛾的两性生命表研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.03.015

刘天生^{1, 2, 3,},
温梅芳^{1, 2, 3},
柯富士^{1, 2, 3},
何玮毅^{1, 2, 3},
尤民生^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
福建农林大学植物保护学院, 福建福州 350002
2.
福建农林大学省部共建闽台作物有害生物防控国家重点实验室, 福建福州 350002
3.
福建农林大学应用生态研究所, 福建福州 350002

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 31320103922

国家自然科学基金项目 31230061

详细信息

作者简介:
刘天生 (1989-), 男, 硕士研究生, 研究方向:农业昆虫与害虫防治 (E-mail:liutsfafu@163.com)

通讯作者:
尤民生 (1954-), 男, 博士, 教授, 研究方向:农业昆虫与害虫防治 (E-mail:msyou@iae.fjau.edu.cn)

中图分类号: S435
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-12-22
- 修回日期: 2017-01-25
- 刊出日期: 2017-03-28

Age-stage Two-sex Life Tables of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera:Plutellidae) under Hypoxia Stress

LIU Tian-sheng^{1, 2, 3
,},
WEN Mei-fang^{1, 2, 3},
KE Fu-shi^{1, 2, 3},
HE Wei-yi^{1, 2, 3},
YOU Ming-sheng^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
College of Plant Protect, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
3.
Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China

摘要

摘要: 为探明低氧胁迫对小菜蛾生长发育和种群动态参数的影响，为了解小菜蛾适应低氧环境提供相关的理论依据。在福建福州和西藏拉萨分别饲养福州品系的小菜蛾，将人工气候箱温度控制在（25±1）℃，空气相对湿度（65±5）%，光周期L：D=8：16。按照年龄-龄期两性生命表理论的统计方法记录原始数据，组建两性生命表，共记录3代。结果表明，通过分析两种氧环境下小菜蛾的生长发育历期、繁殖力和存活率等指标，以及相关的种群动态参数后发现，低氧环境对小菜蛾的发育历期有显著的影响：与在福州饲养的小菜蛾相比，在拉萨饲养的小菜蛾整体发育历期显著变短；但随着世代的增加在拉萨饲养的小菜蛾发育历期逐渐变长，到第3代的时候在拉萨饲养的小菜蛾的整体发育历期显著长于在福州饲养的小菜蛾，但生殖力无显著性差异。两种不同氧含量环境下小菜蛾的种群动态参数存在显著差异，在拉萨饲养的小菜蛾的r、λ、R₀、T随世代增加逐渐增加，且第一代的r、λ、R₀、T都显著低于第2代或第3代。说明在低氧环境下，小菜蛾在经过一代至二代的快速适应后提高了对低氧的耐受性，但是整体发育历期显著缩短，存在一定的适合度代价；当世代发展到第3代时，在2种含氧量环境下小菜蛾的生殖力、存活率及种群动态参数r、λ、R₀、T都无显著性差异，说明小菜蛾有很强的适应能力，小菜蛾可以在比较短的时间适应青藏高原的低氧环境，低氧并不能成为阻止小菜蛾向高原扩散的障碍。
- 小菜蛾 /
- 低氧胁迫 /
- 适应性 /
- 生命表
Abstract: To understand the effects of hypoxia stress on growth, development and population dynamics of Plutella xylostella, and reveal relevant mechanisms underlying the hypoxic adaptation.We raised P. xylostella strain Fuzhou-S in greenhouses in Fuzhou and Lhasa, respectively. The temperature, air relative humidity and photoperiod of both greenhouses were (25±1)℃, (65±5)% RH and 8L:16D. Growth and development data in both locations with consecutive three generations were recorded. We then constructed age-stage, two-sex life tables of Fuzhou-S in Fuzhou and Lhasa.Compared with the DBM raised in Fuzhou, the results showed the hypoxic environment can shorten developmental periods of all instars (egg, larva, pupa and adult). Significant reduction of duration in the first generation was observed, while the difference decreased along with the time. Fecundity and survival rate did not change significantly. There were significant differences in the population dynamics of Fuzhou-S raised in Lhasa and Fuzhou. Intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ) and net reproductive rate (R₀) were significantly lower, but mean generation time (T) was significantly lower in the first generation and significantly increased in the second generation.P. xylostella showed its tolerance to hypoxia within first two generations, where fitness cost was found by showing significant shortening developmental duration. In the third generation, fecundity, survival rate and relative population dynamics parameters r, λ, R₀, T didn't show much difference between Fuzhou-S raised in two locations. We propose fast adaptation of P. xylostella to hypoxia may facilitate its rapid spread and colonization onto the plateau. Further analysis based on the molecular data could help untangling mechanisms underlying its adaption.
- Plutella xylostella /
- hypoxia condition /
- adaptation /
- life table

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图 1 不同含氧环境下小菜蛾的年龄-龄期特征存活率 (S_xj)

注：A、B、C分别为第1~3代，上方为FZ-FZ，下方为FZ-XZ。图 2~4同。

Figure 1. Age-stage specific survival rate curve of P. xylostella at different oxygen environment. Left: FZ-FZ, Right: FZ-XZ

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图 2 不同含氧环境下小菜蛾的种群年龄-特征存活率 (l_x)、雌虫年龄-特征繁殖力 (f_x)、种群年龄-特征繁殖力 (m_x) 和种群净增殖力 (l_x*m_x)

Figure 2. Age-specific survival rate (l_x), female age-specific fecundity (f_x), age-specific fecundity of total population (m_x) and age-specific maternity (l_x*m_x) of P. xylostella at different oxygen environment

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图 3 不同含氧环境下小菜蛾的年龄-龄期寿命期望值 (e_xj)

Figure 3. Age-stage specific life expectancy (e_xj) of P. xylostella at different oxygen environment

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图 4 不同含氧环境下小菜蛾的年龄-龄期繁殖力 (v_xj)

Figure 4. Age-stage specific reproductive vale of P. xylostella at different oxygen environment

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表 1 低氧环境和常氧环境下福州品系小菜蛾不同发育阶段的历期

Table 1. Duration of different developmental stages of P. xylostella at different oxygen environment from Fuzhou

发育阶段	代数	低氧环境发育历期/d		常氧环境发育历期/d
发育阶段	代数	数目	平均数±标准误	数目	平均数±标准误
卵	F1	81	4.09±0.09 b	80	3.29±0.08 a^*
	F2	86	4.90±0.06 a	77	3.42±0.07 a^*
	F3	83	5.00±0.07 a	85	3.11±0.07 a^*
幼虫	F1	74	6.92±0.10 c	76	9.00±0.10 a^*
	F2	80	8.94±0.13 b	71	8.93±0.09 a
	F3	78	9.31±0.10 a	79	9.00±0.09 a^*
蛹	F1	66	4.21±0.10 c	76	4.86±0.11 b ^*
	F2	73	6.44±0.12 a	70	4.94±0.08 b^*
	F3	75	5.28±0.11 b	78	5.01±0.08 a
成虫前期	F1	66	15.15±0.16 c	76	17.17±0.19 a^*
	F2	73	20.23±0.19 a	70	16.80±0.14 a^*
	F3	75	19.61±0.13 b	78	17.12±0.15 a^*
雌虫	F1	30	5.67±0.29 b	39	5.51±0.39 a^*
	F2	38	5.76±0.21 b	37	4.97±0.29 a^*
	F3	41	7.56±0.33 a	39	5.51±0.19 a^*
雄虫	F1	36	6.11±0.29 b	37	8.19±0.49 a^*
	F2	35	5.66±0.19 c	33	8.94±0.43 a^*
	F3	34	8.26±0.22 a	39	8.59±0.37 a^*
产卵前期	F1	29	0.07±0.05 a	39	0.08±0.04 a^*
	F2	37	0.16±0.08 a	36	0.06±0.04 a
	F3	39	0.18±0.07 a	39	0.00±0.00 a^*
总产卵前期	F1	29	15.10±0.26 c	39	17.36±0.21 a^*
	F2	37	20.62±0.32 a	36	17.00±0.22 a^*
	F3	39	19.59±0.19 b	39	17.10±0.22 a^*
生殖力	F1	30	83.23±5.11 c	39	100.05±3.10 a^*
	F2	38	88.47±3.83 b	37	99.30±4.54 a^*
	F3	41	101.34±4.76 a	39	101.08±2.66 a
最大产卵量	F1		151		139
	F2		119		154
	F3		141		132
寿命	F1	100	16.16±0.82 b	100	18.80±0.98 a^*
	F2	100	21.23±0.91 a	100	17.40±1.01 a^*
	F3	100	22.08±1.03 a	100	19.70±0.90 a
注：同列数据后不同字母表示相同处理不同代数间有显著性差异 (P＜0.05)，*表示不同处理相同代数间有显著性差异 (P＜0.05)。

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表 2 常氧环境和低氧环境下福州品系小菜蛾的种群动态参数 (平均值±标准误)

Table 2. Population parameters (means ± S.E.) of P. xylostella in different oxygen environment from Fuzhou

环境	代数	内禀增长率/d^-1 r	周限增长率/d^-1 λ	净增值率 R₀	平均世代时间/d T
常氧环境	F1	0.195±0.008 a^*	1.215±0.009 a^*	39.044±5.027 a^*	18.760±0.222 a^*
	F2	0.193±0.008 a^*	1.213±0.010 a^*	36.725±5.063 a^*	18.632±0.219 a^*
	F3	0.195±0.007 a	1.215±0.009 a^*	39.425±5.043 a	18.823±0.216 a
低氧环境	F1	0.140±0.011 b	1.161±0.013 b	27.667±4.493 c	16.529±0.267 b
	F2	0.158±0.007 a	1.171±0.008 a	33.645±4.540 b	22.184±0.355 a
	F3	0.173±0.006 a	1.188±0.007 a	41.543±5.329 a	21.537±0.187 a
注：同列数据后不同字母表示相同处理不同代数间有显著性差异 (P＜0.05)，*表示不同处理同代数间有显著差异 (P＜0.05)。

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