Vegetable Production Efficiency and Influencing Factors in Fujian Province
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摘要: 福建省作为我国蔬菜生产大省，具有良好的区位优势和气候优势，但福建省蔬菜产业发展层次和水平并未与资源、产量相匹配。通过对福建省5个地市的蔬菜种植户进行300份问卷的调查和调研，采用DEA-BCC法对蔬菜生产的资本和劳动投入及产出进行实证分析，引入农户及家庭特征、蔬菜生产条件、制度及政策三方面进行影响因素分析。结论认为，蔬菜种植农户的资源配置能力和资源使用效率整体水平不高，蔬菜生产效率与户主受教育年限、种植技术、物流水平及是否购买农业保险等因素有关。Abstract: Fujian, a province with large vegetable production, possesses good location and climate advantages, with which the development of vegetable industry in Fujian was not yet consistent. Empirical analysis on vegetable production capital and input-output was conducted with DEA-BCC based on 300 questionnaires from vegetable growers in 5 cities of Fujian, and three factors were considered, including characteristics of farmers and their family, vegetable production conditions and restriction, and the corresponding policy. The results showed that the resources allocation ability and resources utilization efficiency of vegetable growers were generally not high. The vegetable production efficiency was affected by the grower's education level, growing technology, logistic system, agricultural insurance, and so on.
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Key words:
- vegetable production efficiency /
- data envelopment analysis /
- tobit model
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表 1 变量定义及统计特征
Table 1. Variables definition and statistical parameters
变量 变量定义 变量统计特征 户主受教育程度 (X1) 年 Min=3；Mean=7；Max=15 家庭中从事蔬菜生产劳动力数量 (X2) 个 Min=1；Mean=3；Max=5 蔬菜种植收入占家庭总收入比 (X3) / Min=0.0070；Mean=0.3225；Max=0.9919 是否采用大棚技术 (X4) 0=否；1=是 P (0)=58.62%；P (1)=41.38% 是否使用农机 (X5) 0=否；1=是 P (0)=61.69%；P (1)=38.31% 与交易市场距离 (X6) km Min=0.01；Mean=1.59；Max=7 离水源距离 (X7) km Min=0.01；Mean=1.39；Max=2.5 是否购买农业保险 (X8) 0=否；1=是 P (0)=57.47%；P (1)=42.53% 参加蔬菜种植技术指导和培训次数 (X9) 次 Min=0；Mean=1.37；Max=3 是否加入合作社 (X10) 0=否；1=是 P (0)=66.28%；P (1)=33.72% 
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表 2 蔬菜生产效率测算结果
Table 2. Efficiency of vegetable production
技术效率区间 农户样本个数 所占比重/% ＜0.1 15 5.75 0.1≤E＜0.2 93 35.63 0.2≤E＜0.3 48 18.39 0.3≤E＜0.4 45 17.24 0.4≤E＜0.5 21 8.05 0.5≤E＜0.7 18 6.90 0.7≤E＜0.9 12 4.59 1 9 3.45 技术效率平均值 0.311 纯技术效率平均值 0.537 规模效率平均值 0.612
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表 3 蔬菜生产效率影响因素的参数估计结果
Table 3. Parameter estimation on influencing factors of vegetable production efficiency
自变量 回归系数 标准差 t值 P值 常数项C -0.0244 0.0396 -0.62 0.538 X1 0.0100* 0.0052 1.92 0.056 X3 0.3749*** 0.0539 6.95 0.000 X4 0.1217** 0.0198 6.14 0.000 X6 -0.0575*** 0.0083 -6.91 0.000 X8 0.1000*** 0.0221 4.53 0.000 X9 0.4591** 0.0208 2.21 0.028 注：*、**、***分别表示在10%、5%、1%的水平下显著。
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