DNA干扰现象及其作用机理研究进展

芮祥云; 陈金芝; 黄鹏榕; 杨广

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.04.019

DNA干扰现象及其作用机理研究进展

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2017.04.019

芮祥云^{1, 2, 3,},
陈金芝^{1, 2, 3},
黄鹏榕^{1, 2, 3},
杨广^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
闽台作物有害生物生态防控国家重点实验室, 福建福州 350002
2.
农业部闽台作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室, 福建福州 350002
3.
闽台特色作物病虫生态防控协同创新中心, 福建福州 350002

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 31440072

福建省科技重大专项 2015NZ01010012

详细信息

作者简介:
芮祥云(1991-), 女, 硕士研究生, 研究方向:昆虫生态与害虫综合治理(E-mail:965347604@qq.com)

通讯作者:
杨广(1973-), 男, 博士, 教授, 研究方向:昆虫化学生态与分子生物学(E-mail:yxg@iae.fjau.edu.cn)

中图分类号: Q52
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-01-08
- 修回日期: 2017-02-12
- 刊出日期: 2017-04-28

Discovery and Mechanisms of DNA Interference

RUI Xiang-yun^{1, 2, 3
,},
CHEN Jin-zhi^{1, 2, 3},
HUANG Peng-rong^{1, 2, 3},
YANG Guang^{1, 2, 3
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
3.
Fujian-Taiwan Joint Innovation Centre for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China

摘要

摘要: 与体内某一基因相同的DNA序列可特异性抑制细胞内靶标基因的表达，这种现象称之为DNA干扰（DNAi）。DNAi是随着转录后基因沉默现象而在烟草属植物上被发现，之后在一些动植物及其细胞上也被发现。在原核生物中也存在DNAi现象，且原核生物的Ago在体外也能实现DNAi。原核生物DNAi的机理主要是Ago以DNA为向导切割DNA或RNA，而真核生物可能是基因转录后抑制、基因组甲基化和启动子结合的转录抑制等。本文还对DNAi的进一步研究和应用进行了讨论和展望。
- DNA干扰 /
- 基因沉默 /
- Ago蛋白
Abstract: DNA fragment introduced into cells can specifically inhibit the expression of homologous gene, which is identified as DNA interference (DNAi). DNAi was discovered with the events of post-transcriptional gene silencing in tobacco, and subsequently explored in other plants and animals. DNAi was present in prokaryotes and in vitro DNAi was also achieved by Ago proteins from prokaryotes. The mechanism of DNAi in prokaryotes is mostly that Ago proteins are complexed with small DNA guide to cleave DNA or RNA. Post-transcriptional gene silencing, genome methylation and transcriptional repression of promoter binding might be also covered in the mechanisms of DNAi in eukaryotes. In addition, the further research and application of DNAi were discussed and prospected.
- DNA interference /
- gene silencing /
- ago protein

HTML全文

表 1 生物中已发现的DNAi

Table 1. DNAi in different species

生物	基因	片段长度	区域	片段修饰	效果
烟草^[5-7] Nicotiana benthamiana	GFP、Nia、CHN	cDNA	-	-	荧光丧失、基因抑制
铁线蕨^[8] Adiantum capillus-veneris	AcPHOT2	cDNA	-	-	避光性丧失
水蕨^[9] Ceratopteris richardii	CrChlI、CrFtsZ	cDNA	-	-	叶绿素合成受阻、叶绿体发育受阻
啮齿动物成纤维细胞^[10] Rat-1	pro-α1(1)	DNA	启动子、外显子、内含子	-	抑制基因表达
人胰腺癌细胞^[12] Panc-l	K-ras、GFP	cDNA	-	-	抑制基因表达、荧光丧失
大肠杆菌^[17] E. coli	Let-7	13~25 nt	-	5′磷酸化	质粒开环或线性化
尾海鞘^[13] Oikopleura dioica	AChE、Zic-like1、 Brachyury	大于100 bp dsDNA	5′UTR、外显子、内含子	-	尾部畸形、乙酰胆碱酯酶活性丧失、感观功能丧失
斑马鱼^[16] Danio rerio	fabp11a、ta	22 nt	编码区	5′磷酸化、5′羟基化	眼睛发育畸形、尾发育畸形

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