大黄鱼仔鱼微囊饲料粒度及水中稳定性评估

朱庆国

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.02.002

大黄鱼仔鱼微囊饲料粒度及水中稳定性评估

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2018.02.002

朱庆国^{1, 2,}

1.
福建省淡水水产研究所, 福建福州 350002
2.
福建省水产饲料研究会, 福建福州 350003

基金项目:

福建省科技计划项目——省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项 2014R1101031-1

福建省海洋高新产业发展专项闽海洋高新[2014]22号

详细信息

作者简介:
朱庆国(1971-), 男, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要从事水产动物营养和饲料加工研究(E-mail:zhqg163@163.com)

中图分类号: S963
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-08-24
- 修回日期: 2017-12-04
- 刊出日期: 2018-02-01

Evaluation on Microencapsulated Feed for Pseudosciaena Crocea Larvae Based on Particle Size and Stability of Granules in Water

ZHU Qing-guo^{1, 2
,}

1.
Fujian Provincial Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
2.
Aquatic Feed Research Society of Fujian, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China

摘要

摘要: 大黄鱼仔稚鱼微囊饲料的粒度与水中稳定性是影响仔稚鱼净能量得益（netenegy gain）、育苗水质和培苗成活率的重要性状。本研究用激光粒度分布仪检测试制的（经SEM形貌鉴认为微胶囊型态的）大黄鱼仔鱼微囊饲料粒度分布、体积平均粒径和中位数粒径D₅₀的减小率和吸水率，评估其适口性与水中稳定性。参比12日龄时段大黄鱼仔鱼的口径，镜检全投喂微囊饲料的5日龄大黄鱼仔鱼的图像。结果表明，试制的4批次大黄鱼仔鱼微囊饲料的粒径尺度分布可基本符合大黄鱼仔鱼摄食要求。其中A2样品的D₅₀为71.63~61.92 μm，浸泡海水120 min的中位径减小率均值为10.97%；体积平均径减小率均值为14.19%。表明A2样品的水中稳定性可满足大黄鱼仔鱼阶段投饵操作要求。同时表明用湿法激光粒度分布仪检测微胶囊饲料的粒度与水中稳定性的步骤便捷，数据稳定直观，可作为检测渔用微胶囊饲料的粒度与水中稳定性的备选方法。
- 大黄鱼 /
- 仔鱼 /
- 微囊饲料 /
- 粒度 /
- 水中稳定性
Abstract: Particle size and stability in water of a microencapsulated feeding material for larvae and juveniles of Pseudosciaena crocea were studied in relation to the net energy gain of the fish, the water quality of the aquaculture pond, and the survival rate of the young seedlings. Size distribution and reductions on average volume and median diameter, D₅₀, of the particles after submerging in seawater were used to evaluate the suitability for fish feeding and the granule stability of feed. A laser particle size analyzer was applied for the measurement of 4 microencapsulated feed granules, which had been verified to be microcapsules by SEM morphology. The body size of 12-day-old yellow croaker larvae and the microscopic images of 5-day-old larvae fed on the microencapsulated silage were recorded for comparison. The particle size and size distribution of all four feed samples were found adequate for the feeding. In particular, Sample A2 had a D₅₀ of 71.63-61.92 μm with a 12.15% volume reduction and 19.19% D₅₀ decrease after suspended in seawater for 120 min, indicating its potential in meeting the requirements for feeding larvae and juveniles of P. crocea. Furthermore, the wet laser particle size analyzer was considered adequate for measuring the particle size and size distribution as well as predicting the stability of microencapsulated granules in water.
- Pseudosciaena crocea /
- larvae /
- microencapsulated feed /
- granularity /
- water stability

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图 1 喷雾干燥法制备的大黄鱼仔鱼微胶囊饲料SEM图

Figure 1. SEM images of spray-dried microcapsules for feeding P. crocea larvae

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图 2 A2样品浸泡120 min的粒径变化

Figure 2. Change in particle diameter of Sample A2 after submerging in seawater for 120 min

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图 3 微囊饲料吸水百分率曲线

Figure 3. Percent water absorption of feed samples

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图 4 5日龄大黄鱼仔鱼摄食微囊饲料与摄食轮虫的消化道

注：A为试验组，5日龄大黄鱼仔鱼摄食A2微囊饲料，B为生产对照组，5日龄大黄鱼仔鱼摄食轮虫。

Figure 4. Images of digestive tract of 5-day-old P. crocea lavae fed on microencapsulated feed vs. rotifers

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表 1 4批次微囊饲料基本营养成分

Table 1. Basic nutritional components in four feed samples

(单位/%)
饲料编号	粗蛋白	粗脂肪	粗灰分	水分	钙	总磷
A1	51.69	15.97	12.76	4.02	1.39	0.95
A2	51.13	15.85	12.65	3.89	1.46	0.96
A3	50.85	16.41	12.48	3.96	1.37	0.89
A4	51.91	15.50	13.02	4.35	1.40	0.91

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表 2 大黄鱼仔鱼微囊饲料泡海水120 min粒径变化

Table 2. Changes in particle diameter of four feed samples after submerging in seawater for 120 min

样品泡水时间/min	样品A1/μm		样品A2/μm		样品A3/μm		样品A4/μm
样品泡水时间/min	体积平均径	中位径D₅₀	体积平均径	中位径D₅₀	体积平均径	中位径D₅₀	体积平均径	中位径D₅₀
0	97.47	87.98	80.48	71.63	68.42	45.00	71.62	45.02
15	96.84	86.74	76.18	69.42	52.20	32.30	32.39	20.09
30	71.71	63.29	73.64	64.86	47.59	28.60	26.37	17.44
45	70.73	58.08	67.69	64.80	44.87	26.67	18.78	14.36
60	61.48	53.47	66.04	63.55	37.36	23.83	18.61	14.36
75	50.94	45.73	64.27	61.68	32.04	19.69	17.21	13.91
90	59.38	46.86	64.96	62.93	27.52	17.37	17.07	13.73
105	49.16	44.15	64.42	61.00	26.56	17.19	17.29	13.90
120	36.09	30.72	65.32	61.92	26.20	17.18	17.35	13.86

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表 3 大黄鱼仔鱼微囊饲料泡海水120 min粒径减小率

Table 3. Particle size reductions of four feed samples after submerging in seawater for 120 min

项目	样品A1	样品A2	样品A3	样品A4
初始微囊饲料粒径最大值D₉₈/μm	276.9	242.5	238.6	245.6
浸水120 min粒径最大值D₉₈/μm	138.8	168.8	128.6	52.72
浸水120min中位数粒径D₅₀减小率/%	65.08	13.56	61.80	69.21
浸水120min体积平均径减小率/%	62.97	18.84	61.71	75.77
浸水120 min各时点中位数粒径D₅₀减小率的均值/%	39.04	10.97	51.00	66.22
浸水120 min各时点体积平均粒径减小率的均值/%	36.35	14.19	46.69	71.19
浸水120 min粒径减小率顺序	A2 < A1 < A3 < A4
注：在超声震荡分散条件下，室温23℃。

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