Active Components in Wild and Cultivated Ganoderma Fruiting Bodies
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摘要: 研究采集的野生灵芝子实体与其进行组织分离后同菌株人工代料的栽培子实体，比较二者主要活性成分的差异，分析判断何者利用价值更高，以挖掘到更好、利用价值更高的灵芝子实体。ITS（Internal Transcribed Spacer）鉴定结果表明采集的野生菌株YX、ZJ均属于Ganoderma sp.组群且两个G.sp.菌株之间的相似度较高。主要活性成分检测结果显示：野生灵芝子实体YX多糖含量为7.93 mg·g-1，是其栽培子实体多糖含量（10.25 mg·g-1）的77%；三萜含量7.16 mg·g-1，是其栽培子实体三萜含量（9.30 mg·g-1）的77%；野生灵芝子实体ZJ的多糖含量（5.34 mg·g-1）是其栽培子实体（6.72 mg·g-1）的87%，三萜含量（9.30 mg·g-1）是其栽培子实体（10.66 mg·g-1）的75%。利用高效液相色谱分析三萜中各灵芝酸含量发现，两栽培子实体灵芝酸F含量均显著高于其对应野生灵芝子实体。野生与栽培灵芝子实体活性成分差异分析结果表明：同一菌株的栽培子实体多糖、三萜含量明显高于其野生子实体。该研究结果为市场上灵芝产品的选择提供参考，为野生灵芝驯化必要性提供理论依据。Abstract: Major active components in wild and cultivated Ganoderma fruiting bodies were determined for comparison. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) identified the selected wild strains, YX and ZJ, to be Ganoderma sp. with a high homology. The chemical analysis showed the polysaccharide content in the fruiting bodies of YX to be 7.93 mg·g-1, which was 77% of that of the cultivated counterparts (10.25 mg·g-1); the triterpenes of YX to be 7.16 mg·g-1, which was also 77% of that of the cultivated fruiting bodies (9.30 mg·g-1); the polysaccharides in ZJ fruiting bodies to be 5.34 mg·g-1, which was 87% of the cultivated counterparts (6.72 mg·g-1); and, the triterpenes of ZJ to be 9.30 mg·g-1, which was 75% of the cultivated fruiting bodies (10.66 mg·g-1). HPLC showed the ganoderic acid F in the fruiting bodies of the cultured Ganoderma to be significantly higher than that in the wild of a same strain as well. The results demonstrated a distinctive difference on the active ingredients between the G.lucidum grown in the wild and that cultivated artificially which could be of interest for marketing and breeding of the fungal material used as a dietary supplement.
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Key words:
- wild Ganoderma /
- cultivated Ganoderma /
- ITS sequencing /
- main active components
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图 1 灵芝菌株ITS- PCR图谱
注：M为DL2000 DNA Marker，1为YX菌株，2为ZJ菌株。
Figure 1. ITS-PCR spectra of Ganoderma sp.
图 4 灵芝野生和栽培子实体的三萜含量
Figure 4. Triterpenoids in fruiting bodies of wild and cultivated Ganoderma of a same strain
图 6 灵芝野生和栽培子实体灵芝酸含量
Figure 6. Ganoderic acid in fruiting bodies of wild and cultivated Ganoderma of a same strain
图 7 野生和栽培的子实体三萜指纹图谱
注：S1表示G. sp.-YX的野生子实体，S2表示G.sp.-YX的栽培子实体。
Figure 7. Fingerprint of triterpene in fruiting bodies of wild and cultivated Ganoderma of a same strain
表 1 指纹图谱相似度比较
Table 1. Similarity on fingerprints
项目 S1 S2 对照指纹图谱 S1 10.439 0.753 S2 0.439 10.922 对照指纹图谱 0.753 0.9221 
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