Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Cut-leaf Propagation of Four Varieties of Crassulaceae
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摘要: 研究植物生长调节剂种类、用量及品种3因素作用下对景天科多肉叶片扦插繁殖效应，运用隶属函数法对各处理的扦插效果进行评价，并比较品种间繁殖效果差异。结果表明：叶片扦插生长指标主要受3个主因素效应及用量×品种交互效应影响。4个品种之间生长指标的差异均达到显著水平（P < 0.05）。厚叶月影、蓝苹果和黑爪叶插繁殖最适宜的植物生长调节剂处理是NAA 200 mg·L-1，隶属函数值分别为0.95、0.90、0.90；露娜莲叶插繁殖最佳处理是IBA 100 mg·L-1，隶属函数值为0.84。品种间繁殖效果差异显著，蓝苹果生根率和移栽成活率最高，分别为91.54%、99.01%，黑爪萌芽率最高，达97.33%。4个品种的扦插苗移栽成活率均在90%以上，比对照提高6.26%~22.99%，说明NAA或IBA对景天科多肉植物叶插繁殖有促进作用，成活率高且经济快捷。Abstract: Propagating Crassulaceae by using cut leaves from the plants with treatment of growth regulators was studied. Applying the subordinate function method, the effects of two types of hormones on 4 varieties of Crassulaceae were evaluated. The results showed the application of 200 mg·L-1 NAA on Echeveria elegans var. Kesselringiana, xSedeveria (Blue Elf) and Echeveria cuspidata var. zaragozae Kimnach yielded the desirable effect with subordinate function value of 0.95, 0.90 and 0.90, respectively; while, that of 100 mg·L-1 IBA on Echeveria (Lola) with a subordinate function value of 0.84. The growth indices of the leaf-cuttings were significantly different between varieties (P < 0.05). The 91.54% rooting and 99.01% survival rates of Blue Elf and the 97.33% germination rate of E. cuspidata were the highest among all varieties studied. The seedling survival rates of the 4 varieties were all greater than 90%, which were 6.26%-22.99% higher than control. It indicated that either NAA or IBA could be used effectively and economically to promote the Crassulaceae propagation from cut-leaves.
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图 1 蓝苹果插穗生根萌芽28 d效果
注：A为NAA 200 mg·L-1；B为NAA 100 mg·L-1；C为CK。
Figure 1. Effects of plant growth regulators on rooting and germination of Blue Elf cuttings 28 d after planting
图 2 不同品种移栽成活率比较
注：C1为蓝苹果；C2为露娜莲；C3为厚叶月影；C4为黑爪。图 3同。不同品种之间的显著性差异用小写字母表示。
Figure 2. Comparison on seedling survival rates of cultivars
图 3 4个景天科多肉品种的叶插苗
Figure 3. Seedlings of 4 Crassulaceae cultivars propagated from cut-leaves
表 1 供试材料的生物学特性
Table 1. Biological characteristics of testing materials
品种编号 名称 生物学特性 C1 蓝苹果xSedeveria Blue Elf 叶片匙形、扁平轻微向内凹、半透明蓝绿色，叶尖粉红或玫瑰红 C2 露娜莲Echeveria Lola 叶片卵形、藕荷色，先端急尖，叶尖淡粉色 C3 厚叶月影Echeveria elegans var. kesselringiana 叶片卵形、蓝绿色，具短叶尖，叶尖泛黄，披薄白粉 C4 黑爪Echeveria cuspidata var.zaragozae Kimnach 叶片匙形、向内弯曲、蓝绿色，具短叶尖，叶尖黑红，披白粉 
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表 2 各因素及其交互效应对插穗生长指标影响的方差分析
Table 2. Variance analysis on effects of various factors and their interactions on growth indices of cut-leaves
变异来源 自由度 不定根数 最大不定根长 生根率 萌芽率 F P F P F P F P A 1 9.921* 0.002 8.996* 0.003 263.896* 0.000 300.576* 0.000 B 3 4.960* 0.003 5.291* 0.002 71.671* 0.000 602.951* 0.000 C 3 30.240* 0.000 42.181* 0.000 342.640* 0.000 2468.232* 0.000 A×B 3 0.782 0.506 0.576 0.632 17.680* 0.000 42.866* 0.000 B×C 3 2.236* 0.017 3.694* 0.014 107.974* 0.000 77.773* 0.000 A×C 9 1.844 0.067 6.233* 0.000 140.870* 0.000 215.588* 0.000 A×B×C 9 1.349 0.219 8.279* 0.000 44.557* 0.000 264.206* 0.000 注：A为植物生长调节剂种类；B为用量；C为品种；*表示0.05水平差异显著。
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表 3 植物生长调节剂及用量处理对不同品种景天科植物扦插效应的多重比较分析及隶属函数评价
Table 3. Multiple comparison and subordinate function evaluation on effects of plant growth regulators and concentration on Crassulaceae propagation
品种 植物生长调节剂种类 质量浓度/
(mg·L-1)不定根数
/条最大不定根长
/mm生根率
/%萌芽率
/%平均隶属函数值U(Xj) U(Xj)排序 蓝苹果 NAA 200 4.10±2.36a 10.55±3.56ab 91.54±1.52a 78.30±3.33a 0.90 1 100 4.30±1.88a 15.55±3.00a 85.82±2.31b 45.00±2.73e 0.83 2 50 1.85±1.63b 7.15±5.39bc 62.36±2.09e 50.43±0.79d 0.46 4 25 0.60±1.35b 1.40±2.98d 66.95±2.38d 61.71±2.36b 0.34 5 IBA 200 0.90±1.52b 4.20±7.33bcd 47.24±1.90f 20.00±5.00g 0.15 9 100 0.30±0.68c 1.80±3.82d 61.44±2.12e 27.50±2.88f 0.16 8 50 1.84±0.57b 14.05±2.31a 82.90±1.19c 26.67±2.87f 0.56 3 25 0.70±1.49b 2.70±5.73cd 37.56±2.40g 43.00±4.76e 0.17 7 CK 1.35±1.29b 7.25±6.57bc 32.05±1.85h 57.67±2.06c 0.33 6 露娜莲 NAA 200 4.71±0.76a 3.14±0.69d 24.60±0.46e 75.50±1.77c 0.47 5 100 6.00±1.58a 10.40±2.70b 33.00±2.83d 80.70±1.38b 0.69 2 50 2.50±0.84b 8.17±1.72c 54.30±3.83b 50.60±1.68e 0.44 6 25 2.75±0.96b 8.75±0.96c 35.50±4.12d 71.60±1.92d 0.50 4 IBA 200 2.00±0.71b 15.80±0.84a 27.80±2.28e 50.30±1.14e 0.43 7 100 2.14±1.22b 16.29±1.11a 65.00±4.08a 98.20±0.70a 0.84 1 50 1.60±0.55b 4.60±1.14d 42.00±8.37c 50.88±2.03e 0.30 8 25 2.00±1.16b 14.50±1.29a 51.30±2.50b 72.88±2.74d 0.62 3 CK 0.00c 0.00e 0.00f 70.70±2.37d 0.11 9 厚叶月影 NAA 200 7.20±4.21ab 11.00±4.64ab 82.07±2.53a 95.20±0.84a 0.95 1 100 7.00±4.40ab 8.60±2.81bcd 83.06±2.13a 86.66±2.12b 0.85 2 50 5.50±3.93b 5.63±2.72cd 75.80±1.30b 82.10±1.82b 0.67 4 25 2.20±1.35bcd 2.60±2.79d 32.67±2.31f 51.67±2.88d 0.13 8 IBA 200 3.83±2.79bc 7.50±2.26bcd 51.00±3.60d 82.77±2.54b 0.53 5 100 7.67±3.22a 12.00±3.61a 61.00±3.80c 61.00±3.50c 0.76 3 50 2.67±0.58bcd 10.00±0.00bc 41.00±3.60e 43.00±4.60e 0.33 7 25 3.50±1.92bc 9.75±6.24bc 57.03±2.16cd 55.03±1.21c 0.49 6 CK 1.69±1.32d 1.83±0.38d 28.12±2.50g 35.00±3.12f 0.01 9 黑爪 NAA 200 1.77±0.98a 2.00±3.02a 83.55±1.20a 97.33±0.82a 0.90 1 100 0.43±0.79ab 1.93±4.89a 58.58±2.62b 93.43±0.98a 0.55 4 50 1.17±1.94ab 2.33±3.93a 49.66±2.87c 92.50±1.05a 0.69 3 25 0.40±0.89ab 1.20±2.68b 11.00±2.64g 79.60±3.21b 0.26 8 IBA 200 1.40±1.67ab 3.10±5.13a 56.20±4.14b 98.60±1.14a 0.84 2 100 0.40±0.55ab 0.80±1.09b 37.60±2.51d 98.40±1.14a 0.38 6 50 1.00±1.73ab 2.20±4.38a 36.00±2.34de 80.00±3.09b 0.55 4 25 0.67±0.58ab 0.33±0.29b 32.77±2.54e 65.57±5.10c 0.26 8 CK 1.15±0.58ab 1.91±0.43a 30.00±5.00f 25.00±5.00d 0.34 7 注：表中数据为平均值±标准误差；小写字母不同表示在0.05水平差异显著。
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