Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicines on Serum NO and NOS/iNOS Activities in Weaned Piglets
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摘要: 为研究中药精制的两种饲料添加剂Ⅰ（鱼腥草10%、黄芪20%、茯苓15%、刺五加10%、山楂15%、当归10%、厚朴10%和瞿麦10%）和添加剂Ⅱ（金银花10%、黄芪20%、茯苓15%、刺五加10%、山楂15%、当归10%、厚朴10%和瞿麦10%）对断奶仔猪血清一氧化氮（NO）含量及一氧化氮合酶（NOS）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）活性影响，选择16窝胎次相近、日龄相同的杜长大三元仔猪，每窝9头左右，随机分成4组，每组4窝，分别为中药Ⅰ组、中药Ⅱ组、抗生素组和对照组。在相同的基础日粮情况下，前3个处理组分别添加中药饲料添加剂Ⅰ（4 kg·t-1）、中药饲料添加剂Ⅱ（4 kg·t-1）、金霉素（70 g·t-1）和杆菌肽锌（30 g·t-1）。在仔猪断奶后1、4、7、14、28 d采血，分析断奶仔猪血清中NO含量、NOS和iNOS活性的变化。结果表明，断奶14 d时，中药组供试猪血清NO含量分别比对照组提高了65.75%（P < 0.05）和56.05%（P < 0.05）。断奶28 d时，中药Ⅰ组和中药Ⅱ组的NOS活性分别比对照组提高17%（P < 0.05）和16.89%（P < 0.05）。断奶1 d时，中药Ⅰ组的iNOS活性较抗生素组降低6.4%（P > 0.05），较对照组降低10%（P > 0.05）；中药Ⅱ组较对照组降低6.5%（P > 0.05），但差异不显著。结果表明中药饲料添加剂能提高断奶仔猪血清NO含量和NOS活性，降低iNOS活性，对仔猪的胃肠道黏膜产生保护作用，缓解断奶应激，具有替代抗生素的潜能。Abstract: The effects of addition of two formulated herbal traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) in feed on serum NO and activities of NOS and iNOS of weaned piglets were investigated. TCM I was formulated to contain 10% Houttuynia cordata Thunb., 20% Astragalus membranaceus, 15% Poria cocos, 10% Acanthopanax senticosus, 15% Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, 10% Angelica sinensis, 10% Magnolia officinalis and 10% Dianthus superbus, whereas TCM Ⅱ, 10% Lonicera japonica Thunb., 20% Astragalus membranaceus, 15% P. cocos, 10% A. senticosus, 15% C. pinnatifida Bunge, 10% A. sinensis, 10% M. officinalis and 10% D. superbus. From 16 litters (about 9 heads per litter) of similar parity and age, the breastfeeding piglets were randomly divided into four groups, namely the TCM Group Ⅰ, TCM Group Ⅱ, Antibiotics Group and Control. TCM I at 4 kg·t-1, TCM Ⅱ at 4 kg·t-1, chlortetracycline at 70 kg·t-1 or bacitracin zinc at 30 kg·t-1 was added to a same basal diet for the treatment groups. Blood samples of the piglets were taken at 1, 4, 7, 14 and 28 days after weaning to determine the serum NO and activities of NOS and iNOS. The contents of NO in TCM Group Ⅰ and Ⅱ piglets increased by 65.75% and 56.05%, respectively, as compared to Control (P < 0.05). After weaning for 28 days, the activity of NOS of piglets in TCM Group Ⅰ was 17% and that of TCM Group Ⅱ, 16.89%, higher than Control (P < 0.05). One day after weaning, the activity of iNOS in piglets in TCM Group Ⅰ decreased 6.4% in comparison to Antibiotics Group (P > 0.05) and declined 10% over Control (P > 0.05), while that of TCM Group Ⅱ decreased 6.5% over Control (P > 0.05). The results indicated that the TCMs could increase serum NO and NOS activity and reduce iNOS activity protecting the gastrointestinal mucosa in weaned piglets. The addition effectively alleviated weaning stress on the piglets suggesting a potential for the TCMs to replace antibiotics administration for the purpose.
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Key words:
- traditional chinese medicine /
- weaned piglets /
- NO /
- NOS /
- iNOS
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表 1 基础日粮配方及营养水平
Table 1. Compositions and nutrient levels of basal diet
原料 含量 营养水平 含量 玉米/% 56 代谢能/(MJ·kg-1) 12.59 豆粕/% 12 粗蛋白/% 19.89 膨化大豆/% 16 赖氨酸/% 1.15 乳清粉/% 4 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸/% 0.68 鱼粉/% 5 钙/% 0.58 脂肪粉/% 1.5 磷/% 0.45 柠檬酸/% 0.5 大豆油/% 1 预混料/% 4 注：预混料由硫酸铜、硫酸锰、硫酸亚铁、氧化锌、亚硒酸钠、磷酸氢钙、碘酸钙、氯化胆碱、多维、蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、复合酶等组成。 
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表 2 断奶仔猪血清NO含量
Table 2. Serum NO in weaned piglets
[单位/(μmol·L-1)] 组别 断奶1 d 断奶4 d 断奶7 d 断奶14 d 断奶28 d 中药Ⅰ组 91.80±16.46 94.42±23.76 105.22±10.73 94.75±20.21b 105.13±11.95b 中药Ⅱ组 91.41±34.05 98.04±32.72 100.50±45.44 89.20±23.07b 104.27±21.59b 抗生素组 86.74±29.92 90.58±21.66 100.47±24.20 84.38±25.00b 87.83±23.33ab 对照组 75.10±11.44 74.53±22.60 90.82±25.30 57.16±12.88a 74.40±22.35a 注：同列数字后不同小写字母表示差异显著(P＜0.05)，表 3、4同。
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表 3 断奶仔猪血清NOS活性
Table 3. Serum NOS activity in weaned piglets
[单位/(U·mL-1)] 组别 断奶1 d 断奶4 d 断奶7 d 断奶14 d 断奶28 d 中药Ⅰ组 21.93±2.79 20.41±1.05ab 21.61±6.08 21.59±2.69 22.30±2.84b 中药Ⅱ组 23.48±4.39 21.52±0.67b 21.07±1.88 22.06±2.06 22.28±1.62b 抗生素组 22.52±2.93 19.77±0.86ab 20.39±2.48 20.48±3.59 20.58±2.67ab 对照组 21.49±2.89 18.96±2.23a 19.58±2.54 19.85±1.45 19.06±2.74a
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表 4 断奶仔猪血清iNOS活性
Table 4. Serum iNOS activity in weaned piglets
[单位/(U·mL-1)] 组别 断奶1 d 断奶4 d 断奶7 d 断奶14 d 断奶28 d 中药Ⅰ组 17.44±2.32 14.02±3.94 14.93±3.31 15.74±2.65 15.06±1.47 中药Ⅱ组 18.12±3.33 14.84±2.56 15.06±1.57 15.25±1.53 15.33±4.03 抗生素组 18.64±4.35 15.33±1.96 15.52±4.53 15.84±1.78 15.77±3.77 对照组 19.38±5.91 15.67±3.99 15.82±4.76 15.74±2.56 15.94±2.28
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