公园不同植物配置群落空气负离子变化特征

冯燕珠; 陈旭; 高欢欢; 郭傲; 郑国华

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.014

公园不同植物配置群落空气负离子变化特征

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.014

冯燕珠^{1, 2,},
陈旭^{1, 2},
高欢欢^{1, 2},
郭傲^{1, 2},
郑国华^{1, 2, ,}

1.
福建农林大学园艺学院, 福建福州 350002
2.
福建农林大学园艺产品贮运保鲜研究所, 福建福州 35002

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”项目 2016YFE0127200

详细信息

作者简介:
冯燕珠(1991-), 女, 硕士, 研究方向:园艺(E-mail:505700048@qq.com)

通讯作者:
郑国华(1965-), 男, 博士, 教授, 研究方向:果树生理及分子生物(E-mail:fafuzgh@126.com)

中图分类号: S716
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-11-01
- 修回日期: 2018-12-14
- 刊出日期: 2019-01-28

Atmospheric Negative Ion Concentration at Parks Configured with Different Plants

FENG Yan-zhu^{1, 2
,},
CHEN Xu^{1, 2},
GAO Huan-huan^{1, 2},
GUO Ao^{1, 2},
ZHENG Guo-hua^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
2.
Institute of Storage Science and Technology of Horticultural Products, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析公园内不同植物配置类型负离子浓度变化特征，为营造利于人们身心健康的活动场所提供理论依据。方法以福州市闽江公园南园为研究样地进行了1周年（2017年9月至2018年8月）的定点检测，选择30个样点，凝练成8个植物配置类型和1个对照点（CK）。研究不同植物配置类型负离子浓度日、逐日、月和季节的变化特征，应用森林空气离子指数法进行分析及评价。结果（1）负离子浓度日变化大都呈Ⅴ/U字型曲线波动，不同植物配置类型之间的负离子日平均总浓度比较：常绿阔叶林 > 落叶阔叶林 > 竹林 > 混交林 > 棕榈林 > 草地 > 常绿针叶林 > 灌木丛 > 对照点；（2）不同植物配置负离子浓度逐日变化均受外界气象因素影响较大，负离子浓度会因气象因子的变化，产生较大的波动；（3）负离子浓度月变化曲线均呈现U字型趋势，不同植物配置类型之间负离子年平均总浓度比较：竹林 > 落叶阔叶林 > 常绿阔叶林 > 棕榈林 > 混交林 > 常绿针叶林 > 灌木丛 > 草地 > 对照点；（4）同一植物配置类型不同季节负离子浓度在秋季最高，其次是夏季，春季和冬季负离子浓度相近；（5）不同植物配置类型空气质量排序由高到低为：竹林 > 落叶阔叶林 > 常绿阔叶林 > 棕榈林 > 混交林 > 常绿针叶林 > 灌木丛 > 草地 > 对照。结论在日变化过程中，一天在7:00~9:00为负离子浓度最高时段，常绿阔叶林、落叶阔叶林、常绿针叶林、混交林、竹林群落空气负离子浓度均在3 000个·cm^-3以上，空气质量评价指数属于优等，是户外活动最佳时间段和最佳的活动场所。
- 闽江公园 /
- 空气负离子 /
- 植物配置 /
- 空气质量
Abstract: Objective Concentration of negative ions in atmosphere at parks configured with different plants was studied with a public health concern. Method The South Arena at Minjiang Park in Fuzhou was selected for a year-long, fixed-point monitoring from September 2017 till August 2018 at 30 sampling locations, where 8 types of plants, along with one as control, were configured. The diurnal concentration as well as the daily, monthly, seasonal variations on both positive and negative ion concentrations in the atmosphere at the surroundings of the various plantations were collected for the analysis and evaluation using the forest air ion index method. Result (1) The diurnal variation curves on negative ion concentration generally showed a Ⅴ or U shape, and the averaged magnitudes ranked evergreen broad-leaved forest > deciduous broad-leaved forest > bamboo forest > mixed forest > palm grove > lawn > evergreen coniferous forest > bushes > control. (2) Weather conditions significantly affected the daily variations on negative ion concentration associated with plant configuration. (3) On a monthly basis, the negative ion concentration varied in a U shape curve. Whereas, the annual averages relating to the plant type decreased in the order of bamboo forest > deciduous broad-leaved forest > evergreen broad-leaved forest > palm grove > mixed forest > evergreen coniferous forest > bushes > lawn > control. (4) With respect to the seasons, the negative ion concentration at a specific plant community was the highest in autumn followed by summer, while no significant difference in spring and winter. (5) The air quality at different plant communities ranked in the order of bamboo forest > deciduous broad-leaved forest > evergreen broad-leaved forest > palm grove > mixed forest > evergreen coniferous forest > bushes > lawn > control. Conclusion Negative ion concentration in the air at park was the highest between 7:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m. in a day, which would be the most desirable times for outdoor activities. During that period, the areas planted with evergreen broad-leaved, deciduous broad-leaved or evergreen coniferous trees as well as the mixed and bamboo forests were having greater than 3 000 negative ions·cm^-3 with an excellent air quality evaluation index.
- Minjiang Park /
- atmosphere negative ion /
- plant configuration /
- air quality

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图 1 闽江公园南园样点平面分布

Figure 1. Map of sampling points in South Arena at Minjiang Park

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图 2 空气负离子浓度日变化曲线

Figure 2. Diurnal variations of atmosphere negative ion concentration

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图 3 空气负离子浓度逐日变化曲线

Figure 3. Daily variations of atmosphere negative ion concentration

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图 4 空气负离子浓度月变化

Figure 4. Monthly variations of atmosphere negative ion concentration

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图 5 负离子浓度季节变化

Figure 5. Seasonal variations of atmosphere negative ion concentration

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表 1 样点基本情况

Table 1. Conditions of sampling points

样点 Sample	配置类型 Configuration type	植物种类 Plant species	平均高度 Average height/m	平均胸径 ADBH /cm	郁闭度/盖度 (草地及灌木丛) CN/C/%	冠层位置Crown position				垂直结构 Vertical structure
样点 Sample	配置类型 Configuration type	植物种类 Plant species	平均高度 Average height/m	平均胸径 ADBH /cm	郁闭度/盖度 (草地及灌木丛) CN/C/%	≥10 m	6~10 m	2~6 m	< 2 m	垂直结构 Vertical structure
Q1	常绿阔叶林	香樟+龙眼-红背桂-草	7±1.0	27±3	72		√√		√√	MPC
Q2		印度橡胶榕+龙眼-龙船花+黄金榕+鸭跖草-麦冬	12±1.5	30±5	68	√√			√√	MPC
Q3		羊蹄甲-红背桂	16±0.8	35±5	83	√			√	TS
Q4		小叶榕-灰莉	14±1.1	120	88	√			√	TS
Q5	落叶阔叶林	番石榴-麦冬	7±1.3	16±3	85		√		√	TG
Q6		大叶紫薇-麦冬	5±0.8	15±5	80			√	√	TG
Q7		木棉-毛杜鹃+黄金榕	14±0.4	54±5	58	√			√√	TS
Q8	常绿针叶林	南洋杉-海桐+龙船花+希美丽-麦冬	11±4.3	27±10	63	√			√√	MPC
Q9		南洋杉-草	10±1.8	24±10	81	√			√	TG
Q10		南洋杉-桂花+夹竹桃-鸭跖草-草	12±1.1	28±10	86	√		√√	√	MPC
Q11		南洋杉-麦冬	11±3.8	24±10	81	√			√	TG
Q12	混交林	美丽异木棉+羊蹄甲-桂花+龙船花-草	7±0.9	25±12	57		√√	√	√√	MPC
Q13		木棉+南洋杉+龙眼+香樟+番石榴+黄槐+小叶紫薇-灰莉+米兰-草	13±1.3	30±15	64	√√	√√		√√	MPC
Q14		小叶榕+蒲葵-毛杜鹃+假连翘-草	7±2.5	80±45	79		√√		√√	MPC
Q15		大王椰子+小叶榕+木棉+凤凰木-石榴+桂花+腊梅-草	5±3.3	75±35	56		√√	√√	√	MPC
Q16	棕榈林	大王椰子-黄金榕+红绒球-草	7±1.4	20±5	35		√	√	√	MPC
Q17		蒲葵-棕竹	12±0.5	28±7	80	√			√	TS
Q18		蒲葵+苏铁-黄金榕+扶桑+红花继木+毛杜鹃-草	5±1.3	75±25	83		√		√√	MPC
Q19	竹林	粉单竹-麦冬	13±0.9	20±3	73	√			√	G
Q20		泰竹-蜘蛛兰	14±0.5	20±5	78	√			√	G
Q21		佛肚竹-黄金假连翘	16±0.4	19±4	65	√			√	SG
Q22	灌木丛	花叶扶桑	1.3±0.3	10±3	97				√	S
Q23		黄金榕+朱蕉+红花继木+米兰+山茶花+红叶石楠-草	1±0.3	8±2	81				√√	SG
Q24	灌木丛	黄金榕+双荚决明+龙舌兰+希美丽-草	2.5±0.8	11±3	75				√√	SG
Q25	草地	草地	0.2±0.1		100				√	G
Q26		草地	0.3±0.1		100				√	G
Q27		草地	0.2±0.1		100				√	G
Q28	对照点	空地								CK
Q29		空地								CK
Q30		空地								CK
注：√群落主要种冠层位置；√√不同种冠层重叠；MPC：乔灌草复层植物群落；TS：乔灌植物群落；TG：乔草植物群落；SG：灌草植物群落；S：灌木丛群落；G：草地被植物群落；CK：对照^[8]。 Note:√Crown position of main species; √√Crown position of different species; MPC：Multilayer plant community；TS：Tree-shrub plant community；TG：Tree-grass community；SG：Shrub-grass community；S：Shrub Community；G：Grass community；CK：Control^[8].

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表 2 城市绿地空气负离子分级及评价指数标准

Table 2. Standard grades and evaluation indices on atmosphere negative ion concentration of urban green lands

等级 Grade	n^- /(个·cm^-3)	FCI	空气质量 Air quality
Ⅰ	> 3000	> 2.5	优
Ⅱ	3000~2000	2.5-1.5	良
Ⅲ	2000~1000	1.5-0.5	中
Ⅳ	< 1000	< 0.5	差

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表 3 不同植物配置类型空气质量日变化最优时间段

Table 3. Premium time in a day for quality air at areas planted with different types of trees

[单位/(个·cm^-3)]
项目	常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest	落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broad-leaved forest	常绿针叶林 Evergreen coniferous forest	混交林 Mixed forest	竹林 Bamboo forest
夏季负离子浓度 Negative ion concentration in summer	3100~3400	3200~3600	3200~3600	3200~4300	> 3000
夏季最优时间 Premium time in summer	7:00~8:00	7:00~9:00	7:00~8:00	7:00~9:00	7:00
空气质量评价指数 Air quality evaluation index	优等	优等	优等	优等	优等
秋季负离子浓度 Negative ion concentration in autumn	3500~3800	3200~5900	> 3100	3700~4700	3100~3300
秋季最优时间 Premium time in autumn	7:00~8:00	7:00~11:00/ 16:00~18:00	8:00	7:00~9:00	7:00~8:00
空气质量评价指数 Air quality evaluation index	优等	优等	优等	优等	优等

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