植物生长抑制剂对梨叶部病害、早期落叶与二次开花的影响

黄新忠; 曾少敏; 张长和; 胡宁三; 陈小明

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.02.007

植物生长抑制剂对梨叶部病害、早期落叶与二次开花的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.02.007

1.
福建省农业科学院果树研究所, 福建福州 350013
2.
建宁县农业局, 福建三明 354500

基金项目:

国家现代农业产业技术体系项目 CARS-28-34

福建省财政专项——福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设项目 STIT2017-1-4

详细信息

作者简介:
黄新忠(1962-), 男, 研究员, 研究方向:落叶果树育种及栽培(E-mail:hxz0117@163.com)

中图分类号: S661.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-11-22
- 修回日期: 2019-01-28
- 刊出日期: 2019-02-28

Effects of Spraying Plant Growth Inhibitors on Leaf Diseases, Early Defoliation and Reflorescence of Pear Trees

1.
Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China
2.
Jianning County Bureau of Agriculture, Jianning, Fujian 354500, China

摘要

摘要: 目的为完善湿热产区梨早期落叶综合防控技术措施，探讨植物生长抑制剂对梨叶部病害及早期落叶与二次开花的影响。方法以5年生‘翠冠’梨植株为试材，通过叶面喷施多效唑、华叶牌PBO、氟硅唑、丙环唑、磷酸氢二钾5种化学制剂及清水对照处理，调查分析梨梢叶生长及叶部病害、早期落叶、二次开花发生情况。结果与对照相比，5种化学制剂对梨梢生长均具一定的抑制作用，由强至弱依次为：多效唑> PBO >氟硅唑、丙环唑>磷酸二氢钾，新梢停长分别提早27.8、15.2、19.4、18.8、11.5 d；对叶生长多效唑表现显著或极显著的促进作用，其他处理表现不同程度的抑制作用。不同处理对叶部病害、早期落叶、二次开花发生具有显著或极显著的延缓和减轻作用，不同阶段4种主要叶部病害病情指数由低至高依次为：氟硅唑 < PBO < 丙环唑 < 磷酸氢二钾 < 多效唑；控制早期落叶作用强弱依次为：氟硅唑> PBO、丙环唑>磷酸氢二钾>多效唑，大量落叶期分别推迟25、22、20、15、12 d。结论化学控梢作为梨保叶保花配套技术措施以选择功能复合制剂（PBO）效果为好。
- 梨 /
- 植物生长抑制剂 /
- 控梢 /
- 保叶 /
- 保花
Abstract: Objective Effects of spraying plant growth inhibitors on the leaf diseases, early defoliation and reflorescence of pear trees were studied for improvements on prevention and control of the commonly occurred defects on pear trees in areas under hot and humid conditions. Method Five-year-old Cuiguan pear trees were sprayed with one of the 5 plant growth inhibitors or water (control) to observe the effects on the growth of shoots and leaves as well as the occurrence of leaf diseases, early defoliation and reflorescence. Result The chemicals applied controlled the growth of shoots in varying degrees ranking in the order of paclobutrazol > PBO > flusilazole > propiconazole > monopotassium phosphate. These inhibitors stopped shoot elongation 27.8 d, 15.2 d, 19.4 d, 18.8 d and 11.5 d, respectively, sooner than did control. On the leaves, paclobutrazol stimulated their growth, while the other chemicals exerted varying degrees of inhibitory effect on the growth. All inhibitors either significantly or extremely significantly alleviated the leaf diseases or delayed the early defoliation and reflorescence. The indices on 4 major diseases in various periods after treatments ranked in the order of flusilazole < PBO < propiconazole < monopotassium phosphate < paclobutrazol. The control effect of the inhibitors on early defoliation were in the order of flusilazole > PBO > propiconazole > monopotassium phosphate > paclobutrazol. The defoliation was delayed 25 d by flusilazole, 22 d by PBO, 20 d by propiconazole, 15 d by monopotassium phosphate, and 12 d by paclobutrazol. Conclusion Chemical control could be effective for leaf and flower retentions of a pear tree. Spraying combined agents might produce better effect.
- pear /
- plant growth inhibitor /
- control of shoot growth /
- leaf retention /
- flower retention

HTML全文

图 1 不同处理对梢叶生长的影响

注：不同处理梢叶生长特征特性指标为2015－2017年连续3年加权平均值；不同大小写字母分别表示0.01和0.05水平差异显著。下同。

Figure 1. Effects of shoots and leaves on pear trees under different treatments

Note:All indices are presented as weighted averages from 2015 to 2017.Different uppercase or lowercase letters represent extreme or significant difference at 0.01 or 0.05 levels.The same as following figures.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同处理对叶部主要病害发生程度的影响

Figure 2. Effects of leaf diseases occurred to pear trees under different treatments

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 不同处理对早期落叶率的影响

Figure 3. Early defoliation rate of pear trees under different treatments

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同处理对二次开花比例的影响

Figure 4. Ratio of reflorescence of pear trees under different treatments

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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