含氨基酸水溶性肥料对巨峰葡萄的影响

刘鑫铭; 陈婷; 刘锡铭; 雷龑

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.07.005

含氨基酸水溶性肥料对巨峰葡萄的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.07.005

刘鑫铭^{1, 2,},
陈婷^{1, 2},
刘锡铭³,
雷龑^{1, 2, ,}

1.
福建省农业科学院果树研究所, 福建福州 350013
2.
福建省落叶果树工程技术研究中心, 福建福州 350013
3.
河南科技大学食品与生物工程学院, 河南洛阳 471023

基金项目:

福建省科技计划项目——省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项 2019R1028-6

福建省财政专项——福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设项目 STIT2017-3-6

现代农业产业技术体系建设专项 CARS-29

详细信息

作者简介:
刘鑫铭(1986-), 女, 硕士, 助理研究员, 研究方向:果树育种及栽培技术(E-mail:liuxinming204@163.com)

通讯作者:
雷龑(1979-), 男, 副研究员, 博士研究生, 研究方向:果树育种及栽培技术(E-mail:lxmy2010@163.com)

中图分类号: S663.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-05-28
- 修回日期: 2019-06-12
- 刊出日期: 2019-07-20

Effects of Spraying Water-soluble, Amino Acids-containing Fertilizer on Kyoho Grape Vines

LIU Xin-ming^{1, 2
,},
CHEN Ting^{1, 2},
LIU Xi-ming³,
LEI Yan^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Fruit Tree Research Institute of Agriculture Science Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China
2.
Research Centre for Engineering Technology of Fujian Deciduous Fruits, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China
3.
College of Food and Bioengineering, He'nan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, He'nan 471023, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨不同含氨基酸水溶性肥料处理对葡萄物候期、植株生长量、叶片质量、果实外观及内在品质等的综合影响。方法以5年生避雨设施栽培巨峰葡萄为材料，于始花期开始每15 d喷施1次，共喷施3次含氨基酸水溶性肥料。结果葡萄叶面喷施含氨基酸水溶性肥料可提早果实成熟期，促进果皮着色，加速结果枝和营养枝成熟老化，增大叶片厚度及新梢粗度，提升果实可溶性固形物含量作用显著。不同处理间以处理4（氨基酸≥ 100 g·L^-1，黄腐酸≥ 100 g·L^-1，微量元素B+Fe+Zn+Mn ≥ 20 g·L^-1）效果最佳：可使巨峰葡萄成熟上市时期提早12 d，叶片厚度、新梢粗度、叶面积和叶绿素含量显著提升，有力地促进了植株光合作用。该处理一年生结果枝和营养枝成熟度分别达到90%和76%，对营养积累及翌年成花具有积极意义。结论喷施后巨峰葡萄果皮紫黑色，可溶性固形物质量分数18.1%，固酸比值54.66，每667 m²产值2万余元，经济效益显著提升。
- 含氨基酸水溶性肥料 /
- 巨峰葡萄 /
- 生长 /
- 果实品质 /
- 影响
Abstract: Objective Effects of spraying water-soluble, amino acids-containing fertilizer on the phenophase and leaves of the vines, as well as the appearance and fruit quality of Kyoho grapes, were studied. Method Five-year-old Kyoho grapevines cultivated in a rain-free shelter were sprayed 3 times with water-soluble, amino acids-containing fertilizers in 15 d intervals after the beginning of flowering. The vine growth, leaf properties, and fruit quality were monitored for comparison. Result Directly spraying the fertilizers on leaf surface hastened the fruit maturation, promoted the peel coloration, accelerated the maturity and aging of fruit-bearing and vegetative branches, increased the leaf thickness and shoot girth, and significantly raised the soluble solid content in fruit. Among the 4 differently formulated fertilizers, Treatment 4 (containing amino acid ≥ 100 g·L^-1, yellow humic acid ≥ 100 g·L^-1, trace element combination of B, Fe, Zn and Mn ≥ 20 g·L^-1) was found to allow the grapes mature for market 12 d earlier than control. The treatment also significantly increased the leaf thickness, shoot girth, leaf area, and chlorophyll content benefitting photosynthesis. Meanwhile, it enabled 90% of the one-year-old and 76% of the vegetative branches on the vines to reach maturity significantly facilitating nutrient accumulation and flowering for the following year. Conclusion The Kyoho grapes of Treatment 4 had the desirably dark purple color, of appealing eating quality with 18.1% soluble solids and a soluble solid:acid ratio of 54.66, and a high gross revenue of 20 000 yuan per 667 m².
- water-soluble, amino acids-containing fertilizer /
- kyoho grape /
- growth /
- fruit quality /
- effects

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表 1 含氨基酸水溶性肥料对巨峰葡萄花果物候期的影响

Table 1. Effect of water-soluble, amino acids-containing fertilizer on flowers, fruits, and phenophase of Kyoho grapevines

处理 Treatment	始花期/(月-日) First flowering/(m-d)	坐果期/(月-日) Bearing period/(m-d)	果实转色期/(月-日) Color-changed period/(m-d)	成熟期/(月-日) Maturity date/(m-d)
1	05-09	05-20	06-15	07-26
2	05-09	05-18	06-12	07-25
3	05-09	05-20	06-15	07-28
4	05-09	05-19	06-12	07-24
CK	05-09	05-22	06-20	08-06
注：表 1物候期数据为2018年数值。 Note：Table 1 phenotype data are 2018 values.

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表 2 含氨基酸水溶性肥料对巨峰葡萄植株生长的影响

Table 2. Effect of water-soluble, amino acids-containing fertilizer on growth of Kyoho grapevines

处理 Treatment	叶面积 Leaf area/cm²	叶绿素总量 Total chlorophyll/(mg·g^-1)	叶片厚度 Leaf thickness/mm	新梢粗度 New shoot roughness/mm	新梢长度 New shoot length/cm
1	376.52bB	2.21bB	0.54aA	11.09abAB	205.60bB
2	411.87aA	2.23bB	0.53aA	11.21abAB	192.89cC
3	346.52cC	2.06cC	0.51bB	10.76bcBC	185.86cC
4	418.89aA	2.38aA	0.54aA	11.26aA	185.67cC
CK	328.75dD	1.83dD	0.44cC	10.37cC	243.39aA
注：同列数据后不同大写和小写字母分别表示1%和5%显著水平。表 3~9同。 Note：The capital and small letters represent 1% and 5% significant level respectively.The same as Table 3-9.

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表 3 含氨基酸水溶性肥料对巨峰葡萄一年生枝条成熟度的影响

Table 3. Effect of water-soluble, amino acids-containing fertilizer on maturity of one-year-shoots of Kyoho grapevines

处理 Treatment	结果枝Fruit branch			营养枝Nutritional branch
处理 Treatment	绿Green	褐Brown	成熟度Maturity/%	绿Green	褐Brown	成熟度Maturity/%
1	8	42	84cC	18	32	64cC
2	7	43	86bB	15	35	70bB
3	10	40	80dD	23	27	54dD
4	5	45	90aA	12	38	76aA
CK	17	33	66eE	28	22	44eE

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表 4 含氨基酸水溶性肥料对巨峰葡萄果皮着色的影响(花后90d)

Table 4. Effect of water-soluble, amino acids-containing fertilizer on peel color of Kyoho grapes

处理 Treatment	L	a	b	C	H	a/b
1	25.34cdC	4.17bB	-1.14dD	4.28cC	348.37bB	-3.68bB
2	25.05dC	5.17aA	-1.06cC	5.25bB	357.68aA	-4.88cC
3	26.02cBC	5.09aA	-0.85aA	5.15bB	352.54aA	-5.99dD
4	26.54bB	4.13bcB	-1.75 eE	1.90dD	309.30cC	-2.36aA
CK	28.94aA	4.01cB	-0.98bB	5.50aA	306.09cC	-4.09cC
注：表格内数据为巨峰葡萄最后一次采样的测定数据。 Note：The data in the table is the determination data of the last sample of Kyoho grapes.

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表 5 含氨基酸水溶性肥料对巨峰葡萄可溶性固形物的影响

Table 5. Effect of water-soluble, amino acids-containing fertilizer on soluble solids of Kyoho grapes

(单位/%)
处理 Treatment	花后70 d 70 d After flowering	花后75 d 75 d After flowering	花后80 d 80 d After flowering	花后85 d 85 d After flowering	花后90 d 90 d After flowering
1	13.4bB	15.1bB	16.4aA	16.7aA	18.0aA
2	12.4cC	14.9bB	16.3aA	17.0aA	17.5bB
3	13.2bB	15.6aA	16.3aA	16.5aA	17.2cB
4	13.9aA	14.7bB	16.5aA	17.2aA	18.1aA
CK	12.4cC	12.9cC	13.4bB	13.6bB	13.9dC

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表 6 含氨基酸水溶性肥料对巨峰葡萄总糖含量的影响

Table 6. Effect of water-soluble, amino acids-containing fertilizer on titratable sugar content of Kyoho grapes

(单位/%)
处理 Treatment	花后70 d 70 d After flowering	花后75 d 75 d After flowering	花后80 d 80 d After flowering	花后85 d 85 d After flowering	花后90 d 90 d After flowering
1	11.88bA	13.65bB	15.16aA	15.22bB	16.82aAB
2	10.76cB	13.19cC	14.97aA	15.38bB	15.75bC
3	12.00abA	14.88aA	14.96aA	15.02bB	15.83bBC
4	12.06aA	13.12cC	14.78aA	15.80aA	16.89aA
CK	10.55dB	11.34dD	11.85bB	12.24cC	12.43cD

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表 7 含氨基酸水溶性肥料对巨峰葡萄总酸含量的影响

Table 7. Effect of water-soluble, amino acids-containing fertilizer on titratable acid content of Kyoho grapes

(单位/%)
处理 Treatment	花后70 d 70 d After flowering	花后75 d 75 d After flowering	花后80 d 80 d After flowering	花后85 d 85 d After flowering	花后90 d 90 d After flowering
1	0.566cC	0.528aA	0.446bB	0.412bB	0.349cC
2	0.628bB	0.467cB	0.412cC	0.412bB	0.338cC
3	0.544cC	0.432dC	0.397cC	0.363dD	0.370bB
4	0.525dD	0.486cB	0.446bB	0.391cC	0.309dD
CK	0.663aA	0.515bA	0.482aA	0.453aA	0.401aA

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表 8 含氨基酸水溶性肥料对巨峰葡萄固酸比值的影响

Table 8. Effect of water-soluble, amino acids-containing fertilizer on solid:acid ratio of Kyoho grapes

(单位/%)
处理 Treatment	花后70 d 70 d After flowering	花后75 d 75 d After flowering	花后80 d 80 d After flowering	花后85 d 85 d After flowering	花后90 d 90 d After flowering
1	23.67cC	28.60cC	36.77bB	40.53cB	51.58bB
2	19.75dD	31.91bB	39.56aA	41.26cB	51.78bB
3	24.26bB	36.11aA	41.06aA	45.45aA	46.49cC
4	26.48aA	30.25bBC	37.00bB	43.99bA	58.58aA
CK	18.70eE	25.05dD	27.92cC	30.02dC	34.66dD

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表 9 含氨基酸水溶性肥料对巨峰葡萄经济效益的影响

Table 9. Economic benefits of water-soluble, amino acids-containing fertilizer application on Kyoho grapes

处理 Treatment	穗重 Panicle/g	粒重 Grain/g	每667 m²产量 667 m² yield/kg	每667 m²成本 667 m² cost/元	售价 Price/(元·kg^-2)	每667 m²效益 667 m² benefit/元
1	620.7abA	7.33abAB	1228bAB	740aA	20aA	24810bB
2	609.9bA	7.09bB	1237abAB	745aA	20aA	24391cBC
3	568.8cB	7.38abAB	1205bBC	750aA	20aA	24356cC
4	631.7aA	7.66aA	1288aA	740aA	20aA	25012aA
CK	562.8cB	6.94bB	1146cC	725aA	16bB	19209dD

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