钾肥用量对四倍体苦荞籽粒灌浆特性、充实度的影响

李振宙; 吴兴慧; 张余; 孔德章; 刘昌敏; 时政; 黄凯丰

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.08.003

钾肥用量对四倍体苦荞籽粒灌浆特性、充实度的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.08.003

1.
贵州师范大学荞麦产业技术研究中心, 贵州贵阳 550001
2.
成都大学农业农村部杂粮加工重点实验室, 四川成都 610160

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 31560358

贵州省科技支撑计划黔科合支撑[2019]2297

贵州省教育厅创新群体重大研究项目黔教合KY字[2018]015

农业农村部杂粮加工重点实验室开放基金资助 2018CC13

详细信息

作者简介:
李振宙(1993—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要从事荞麦栽培生理研究(E-mail:lizz0819@163.com)

通讯作者:
黄凯丰(1979—), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要从事荞麦栽培生理研究(E-mail:hkf1979@163.com)

中图分类号: S517
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-04-12
- 修回日期: 2019-07-14
- 刊出日期: 2019-08-01

Effect of Potassium Fertilizations on Grouting and Plumpness of Tetraploid Tartary Buckwheat Grains

1.
Technology Research Center of Buckwheat Industry, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China

摘要

摘要: 目的四倍体苦荞充实度较差，影响到其在生产上的推广应用，研究钾肥用量对提高四倍体苦荞籽粒充实的影响，以期较大幅度地提高其产量水平。方法以四倍体苦荞品种TB195为研究对象，设不同钾肥用量处理：低钾（LK：12 kg·hm^-2）、中钾（MK：24 kg·hm^-2）、高钾（HK：48 kg·hm^-2），以不施钾肥为对照（CK）进行随机区组试验，测定不同处理对四倍体苦荞籽粒灌浆动态、根系形态、籽粒充实度及产量的影响。结果 MK处理的灌浆起始势（R₀）、达最大生长速率的天数（T_max·G）、灌浆速率最大时的生长量（W_max·G）、根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积、籽粒充实度和产量均最大。MK处理两年平均籽粒充实度为31.63%，分别比CK处理、LK处理、HK处理增加45.22%、38.12%、23.79%；MK处理两年平均产量为1 159.3 kg·hm^-2，分别比CK处理、LK处理、HK处理增产54.60%、50.19%、31.58%。不同钾肥处理在灌浆时期对粒重的贡献率总体上表现为中期最大，后期次之，前期最小。形状参数值（N）以CK处理最高，MK处理最低。结论适宜的钾肥施用量（24 kg·hm^-2）不仅可以促进四倍体苦荞的生长发育，还有利于提高其籽粒充实度和产量。
- 四倍体苦荞 /
- 钾肥 /
- 灌浆动态 /
- 充实度 /
- 产量
Abstract: Objective Improvement for grouting of the commonly poorly filled grains of tetraploid tartary buckwheat by potassium fertilization was studied. Method Buckwheat TB195 was treated with varying potassium fertilization at 0 kg·hm^-2 (CK), 12 kg·hm^-2 (LK), 24 kg·hm^-2 (MK), and 48 kg·hm^-2 (HK) in a randomized block experiment. Effect of the fertilizations on grain-grouting, root morphology, grain plumpness and yield of the buckwheat plants were determined. Result Among all treatments, the initial grouting potential (R₀), days to reach maximum growth rate (T_max·G), weight at maximum grouting rate (W_max·G), plumpness, and yield of the grains, as well as the length, surface area, and volume of the plant roots were maximized when MK was applied. The 31.63% grain-filling under MK was 45.22%, 38.12%, and 23.79% higher than those under CK, LK, and HK, respectively. The 2-year average yield of 1, 159.3 kg·hm^-2 by MK was 54.60%, 50.19%, and 31.58% higher than CK, LK, and HK, respectively. The contribution rate of the various fertilizations in different grouting stages to the grain weight gain was the highest when potassium was applied during the middle period followed by the late stage, and the lowest in the beginning of grouting. The shape indicator (N) was the highest under CK, and lowest with MK treatment. Conclusion At the rate of 24 kg·hm^-2, the application of potassium fertilizer not only promoted the growth and development of tetraploid tartary buckwheat plants, but also significantly increased the grouting and yield, as well as the market appeal, of the grains.
- tetraploid tartary buckwheat /
- potassium fertilization /
- grain-grouting /
- grain plumpness /
- yield

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表 1 不同处理对四倍体苦荞籽粒TB195增重过程的影响

Table 1. Grain dry weight as affected by potassium fertilizations on TB195

处理 Treatment	百粒重100-grain weight/g
处理 Treatment	花后7 d 7 days after flowering	花后14 d 14 days after flowering	花后21 d 21 days after flowering	花后28 d 28 days after flowering	花后35 d 35 days after flowering	花后42 d 42 days after flowering
CK	0.1025±0.0008c	0.3899±0.0014d	0.5002±0.0004d	0.5539±0.0011d	0.8869±0.0004d	0.8973±0.0006d
LK	0.1874±0.0007b	0.4957±0.0003c	0.8886±0.0009c	1.0108±0.0007c	1.3660±0.0011c	1.3659±0.0009c
MK	0.2013±0.0007a	0.9215±0.0005a	1.1679±0.0004a	1.2598±0.0003b	1.8967±0.0003b	2.4159±0.0005b
HK	0.1010±0.0009d	0.6898±0.0089b	1.0593±0.0005b	1.8577±0.0007a	2.5899±0.0002a	2.9754±0.0009a
注:表中同列数据后无相同小写字母者表示不同处理间在0.05水平上差异显著。表 2~6同。 Note: Data on a same column with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05.The same as Table 2-6.

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表 2 籽粒灌浆的Richards方程参数

Table 2. Parameters in Richards equation for grain-grouting

处理 Treatment	实际百粒重 Actual 100-grain weight/g	A	B	K	N	R²	R₀	T_max·G/d	G_max/(g·hd^-1)	W_max·G/g	I /%	D/d
CK	0.897	1.156	0.558	0.091	0.154	0.939	0.591	14.147	0.060	0.103	39.45	47.34
LK	1.366	1.511	0.553	0.132	0.124	0.983	1.065	11.326	0.597	0.589	38.97	32.18
MK	2.416	6.494	0.050	0.041	0.015	0.948	2.733	29.365	6.542	2.407	37.05	98.29
HK	2.975	3.942	0.784	0.105	0.123	0.993	0.854	17.640	1.248	1.535	38.95	40.44
注：A为籽粒最终质量; B为初值参数; K为生长速率参数; N为形状参数; R₀为灌浆起始势; T_max·G为灌浆速率为最大时的日期; G_max为最大灌浆速率; W_max·G为灌浆速率最大时的生长量; I为灌浆速率为最大时的生长量与籽粒最终质量比值; D为有效灌浆期; R²(W依t的回归平方和占总平方和的比率)为判断参数, 表示其配合度。 Note: A-final weight of grain; B-initial parameter; K-growth rate; N-shape indicator; R₀-initial grouting potential; T_max·G-days to reach maximum growth rate; G_max-maximum grouting rate; W_max·G-weight at maximum grouting rate; I-growth/final weight ratio of grain at G_max; D-effective grouting period; and, R²-comparitive parameter indicating correlation.

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表 3 籽粒灌浆阶段的划分

Table 3. Divisions of grain-grouting stages

处理 Treatment	t₁/d	t₂/d	t₃/d	前期Prophase			中期Medium term			后期Late
处理 Treatment	t₁/d	t₂/d	t₃/d	天数 Number of/d	灌浆速率 Rate/ (g·d^-1)	贡献率 Contribution rate/%	天数 Number of/d	灌浆速率 Rate/ (g·d^-1)	贡献率 Contribution rate/%	天数 Number of/d	灌浆速率 Rate/ (g·d^-1)	贡献率 Contribution rate/%
CK	2.85	25.45	64.69	2.85	0.001	3.0	22.6	0.037	63.6	39.24	0.018	26.5
LK	3.63	19.02	46.17	3.63	0.039	9.3	15.39	0.061	47.5	27.15	0.041	31.6
MK	5.73	52.99	141.56	5.73	0.085	7.5	42.76	0.085	48.7	98.8	0.044	38.1
HK	7.97	27.31	61.45	7.97	0.046	9.3	19.34	0.124	35.8	42.11	0.082	47.6
注：(1)t₁、t₂分别为灌浆速率方程的2个拐点在t坐标上的值，t₃为假定达99% A值(籽粒最终质量)时的实际灌浆终值期；(2)灌浆速率按每百粒计算。 Note: (1) t₁ and t₂ are two turning points on t coordinate of grouting rate equation; and, t₃, actual grain weight reached 99% of assumed final grain weight；(2) Grouting rate at 100-grains weight.

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表 4 不同处理对四倍体苦荞TB195根系形态的影响

Table 4. Effect of potassium fertilizations on morphology of TB195 roots

处理 Treatment	总长度 Length/cm	表面积 Surface area/cm²	体积 Bulk/cm³	平均直径 Average diameter/mm
CK	44.49±0.38d	10.65±0.07d	0.45±0.04b	0.71±0.07a
LK	128.12±0.49b	16.73±0.36b	0.46±0.05b	0.42±0.07bc
MK	169.72±0.48a	25.43±0.43a	0.82±0.08a	0.46±0.05b
HK	113.66±0.35c	11.92±0.08c	0.24±0.06c	0.35±0.35c

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表 5 不同处理对四倍体苦荞TB195农艺性状的影响

Table 5. Effect of potassium fertilizations on agronomic traits of TB195 plants

处理 Treat ment	株高 Plant height /cm	子叶节高度 Cotyledon node height/cm	1~2节节间长度 1-to 2-internode length/cm	1~2节节间粗度 1-to 2-internode diameter/mm	主茎节数 Main stem node number	主茎分枝数 Branch number of main stem
CK	75.7±0.26c	3.3±0.20a	3.3±0.25b	4.36±1.00b	13.0±2.00a	5.00±0.10a
LK	90.70±0.70b	2.20±0.45b	3.20±0.36b	4.95±2.00a	15.00±1.00a	6.00±0.05a
MK	92.30±0.25a	2.80±0.06a	4.30±0.40a	5.10±2.00a	16.00±1.00a	5.00±0.07a
HK	67.30±0.35d	3.30±0.25a	2.90±0.25b	3.88±3.00c	15.00±1.00a	6.00±0.14a

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表 6 不同钾肥用量对四倍体苦荞TB195充实度和产量的影响

Table 6. Effect of potassium fertilizations on grain plumpness and yield of TB195 plants

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	充实度 Plumpness/%	产量 Yield/(kg·hm^-2)
2016	CK	21.28±0.09d	627.40±0.45d
	LK	21.48±0.07c	653.00±0.25c
	MK	28.05±0.10a	989.20±0.50a
	HK	25.48±0.12b	840.20±0.55b
2017	CK	22.28±0.73c	872.30±0.70d
	LK	24.32±0.44b	890.80±2.90c
	MK	35.21±0.17a	1329.40±0.82a
	HK	25.61±0.45b	921.90±1.12b

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