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乔木对不同粒径颗粒物吸滞作用研究

林星宇 李彦华 李海梅 李士美

林星宇, 李彦华, 李海梅, 李士美. 乔木对不同粒径颗粒物吸滞作用研究[J]. 福建农业学报, 2019, 34(8): 912-919. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.08.007
引用本文: 林星宇, 李彦华, 李海梅, 李士美. 乔木对不同粒径颗粒物吸滞作用研究[J]. 福建农业学报, 2019, 34(8): 912-919. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.08.007
LIN Xing-yu, LI Yan-hua, LI Hai-mei, LI Shi-mei. Retention of Atmospheric Dust of Varied Particle Sizes by Landscape Tree Leaves[J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 34(8): 912-919. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.08.007
Citation: LIN Xing-yu, LI Yan-hua, LI Hai-mei, LI Shi-mei. Retention of Atmospheric Dust of Varied Particle Sizes by Landscape Tree Leaves[J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 34(8): 912-919. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.08.007

乔木对不同粒径颗粒物吸滞作用研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.08.007
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金资助项目 31971718

青岛农业大学青岛农业大学博士基金项目 6631116005

青岛农业大学2017年研究生创新立项项目 QYC201724

详细信息
    作者简介:

    林星宇(1991—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要从事园林生态学的研究(E-mail:126698527@qq.com)

    通讯作者:

    李海梅(1975—), 女, 博士, 教授, 主要从事为园林生态学的研究(E-mail:@163.com)

  • 中图分类号: S688

Retention of Atmospheric Dust of Varied Particle Sizes by Landscape Tree Leaves

  • 摘要:   目的  研究青岛市城阳区道路绿地8种乔木对不同粒径颗粒物的滞尘能力,为城市园林绿化提供科学依据。  方法  用洗脱法并通过微孔滤膜过滤测定8种乔木对不同粒径颗粒物的滞尘能力。计算8种植株的单株叶面积和单株滞尘量,对比8种乔木单株滞尘量的大小,用JEOL7500F电子显微镜观测叶表面,分析叶表面结构与不同粒径颗粒物滞尘量之间的关系。  结果  不同树种滞尘能力存在差异,国槐和紫叶李对PM10吸附能力较强,毛白杨和悬铃木较弱,总体表现为:国槐>紫叶李>女贞>洋白蜡>栾树>绦柳>毛白杨>悬铃木;紫叶李对PM5滞尘能力最强,栾树最弱,紫叶李对PM5单位叶面积滞尘量是栾树的约2.4倍;对PM2.5吸附能力表现为国槐最强,栾树次之,绦柳最弱。对单株滞尘量的研究表明,悬铃木对不同粒径颗粒物单株滞尘量最大,栾树和紫叶李较低。进一步研究表明,具有叶表面粗糙、绒毛密集,气孔开口较大、沟壑明显等特征的植物滞尘能力较强。  结论  国槐和紫叶李对PM10吸附能力较强,毛白杨和悬铃木较弱;紫叶李对PM5滞尘能力最强,栾树最弱;对PM2.5吸附能力表现为国槐最强,栾树次之,绦柳最弱。悬铃木对不同粒径颗粒物单株滞尘量最大,栾树和紫叶李较低;具有叶表面粗糙、绒毛密集,气孔开口较大、沟壑明显等特征的植物滞尘能力较强。
  • 图  1  8种乔木单株叶面积

    注:图中A~H分别为悬铃木、国槐、女贞、洋白蜡、毛白杨、紫叶李、栾树、绦柳。图中不同小写字母表示不同植物之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。图 2同。

    Figure  1.  Leaf area of 8 tree varieties

    Note:A-H:Platanus orientalis, Sophora japonica, Ligustrum lucidum, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Populus tomentosa, Prunus cerasifera, Koelreuteria paniculata, Salix matsudana. Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant difference at 0.05 level. The same as Fig. 2.

    图  2  8种乔木对不同粒径颗粒物的单株滞尘量

    Figure  2.  Retention on dust of different particle sizes for 8 tree varieties

    图  3  8种乔木叶片电镜扫描图像(×300)

    注:1为国槐Sophora japonica,2为栾树Koelreuteria paniculata,3为紫叶李Prunus cerasifera,4为女贞Ligustrum lucidum,5为洋白蜡Fraxinus pennsylvanica,6为毛白杨Populus tomentosa,7为悬铃木Platanus orientalis,8为绦柳Salix matsudana;A为叶片上表面Is the upper suface of leaf,B为叶片下表面Is the lower suface of leaf。

    Figure  3.  Scanning electronic images of leaf surfaces of 8 tree varieties(×300)

    表  1  8种乔木PM10单位叶面积滞尘量

    Table  1.   Dust retention on PM10 of 8 tree varieties

    植物名称
    Plants name
    滞尘能力Dust-retention capacity/(g·m-2) 平均
    Average
    排序
    Sort
    3 d 6 d 9 d 12 d
    国槐Sophora japonica 0.0989±0.0029a 0.1414±0.0099a 0.1715±0.0048a 0.223±0.0027a 0.1587 1
    紫叶李Prunus cerasifera 0.0369±0.0014c 0.0809±0.0053b 0.1479±0.0060b 0.1852±0.0082b 0.1127 2
    女贞Ligustrum lucidum 0.0288±0.0014d 0.0706±0.0028b 0.1083±0.0091c 0.183±0.0017b 0.0977 3
    洋白蜡Fraxinus pennsylvanica 0.048±0.0022b 0.0797±0.0019b 0.1046±0.0074c 0.1577±0.0129c 0.0975 4
    栾树Koelreuteria paniculata 0.0205±0.0020e 0.0478±0.0042c 0.0815±0.0014d 0.1489±0.0151c 0.0706 5
    绦柳Salix matsudana 0.0147±0.0008e 0.0332±0.0013d 0.0466±0.0011e 0.1017±0.0033d 0.0491 6
    毛白杨Populus tomentosa 0.0181±0.0021e 0.0288±0.0014d 0.0518±0.0036e 0.0864±0.0034d 0.0463 7
    悬铃木Platanus orientalis 0.0342±0.0034ce 0.0417±0.0015cd 0.0473±0.0006e 0.0777±0.0029d 0.038 8
    注:同列数值后不同字母代表 8种乔木同一天对PM10滞尘量差异性显著(P < 0.05)。
    Note:Different letters represent a significant difference in the amount of dust retention to PM10 of 8 species of trees on the same day.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  8种乔木PM5单位叶面积滞尘量

    Table  2.   Dust retention on PM5 of 8 tree varieties

    植物名称
    Plants name
    滞尘能力Dust-retention capacity/(g·m-2) 平均
    Average
    排序
    Sort
    3 d 6 d 9 d 12 d
    紫叶李Prunus cerasifera 0.0285±0.0026a 0.0531±0.0057a 0.081±0.0055a 0.1024±0.0037b 0.0663 1
    栾树Koelreuteria paniculata 0.0075±0.0006c 0.0196±0.0020cd 0.0401±0.0040bc 0.1389±0.0176a 0.0515 2
    国槐Sophora japonica 0.0216±0.0037b 0.0340±0.0019b 0.0485±0.0020b 0.0806±0.0036bc 0.0462 3
    女贞Ligustrum lucidum 0.0165±0.0023b 0.0268±0.0019bc 0.0471±0.0035b 0.0826±0.0037bc 0.0433 4
    洋白蜡Fraxinus pennsylvanica 0.0064±0.0005c 0.0232±0.0004cd 0.0369±0.0039bc 0.0845±0.0074bc 0.0378 5
    毛白杨Populus tomentosa 0.0227±0.0005ab 0.0266±0.0011bc 0.0406±0.0034bc 0.0526±0.0006d 0.0356 6
    绦柳Salix matsudana 0.0069±0.0017c 0.0176±0.0010d 0.0467±0.0026b 0.0679±0.0021cd 0.0348 7
    悬铃木Platanus orientalis 0.0072±0.0012c 0.0216±0.0005cd 0.0299±0.0001c 0.0513±0.0063d 0.0275 8
    注:同列数值后不同字母代表 8种乔木同一天对PM5滞尘量差异性显著(P < 0.05)。
    Note:Different letters represent a significant difference in the amount of dust retention to PM5 of 8 species of trees on the same day.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  8种乔木PM2.5单位叶面积滞尘量

    Table  3.   Dust retention on PM2.5 of 8 tree varieties

    植物名称
    Plants name
    滞尘能力Dust-retention capacity/(g·m-2) 平均
    Average
    排序
    Sort
    3 d 6 d 9 d 12 d
    国槐Sophora japonica 0.0121±0.0002b 0.0229±0.0012a 0.0268±0.0017bc 0.0635±0.0076a 0.0313 1
    栾树Koelreuteria paniculata 0.0089±0.0005c 0.0159±0.0016bc 0.0351±0.00134a 0.0532±0.0056ab 0.0283 2
    紫叶李Prunus cerasifera 0.0141±0.0008a 0.0168±0.0004b 0.0287±0.0033bc 0.0398±0.0036bc 0.0249 3
    女贞Ligustrum lucidum 0.0064±0.0010d 0.0121±0.0003cd 0.0231±0.0022c 0.0433±0.0053bc 0.0212 4
    洋白蜡Fraxinus pennsylvanica 0.0007±0.0001b 0.0074±0.0008d 0.0316±0.0014ab 0.0417±0.0025bc 0.0204 5
    毛白杨Populus tomentosa 0.0063±0.0007d 0.0105±0.0034d 0.0234±0.0015c 0.0402±0.0051bc 0.0201 6
    悬铃木Platanus orientalis 0.0016±0.0003f 0.0081±0.0006d 0.0134±0.0011d 0.0453±0.0042bc 0.0171 7
    绦柳Salix matsudana 0.0041±0.0003e 0.01±0.0004d 0.0154±0.0003d 0.0362±0.0021c 0.0164 8
    注:同列数值后不同字母代表 8种乔木同一天对PM2.5滞尘量差异性显著(P < 0.05)。
    Note:Different letters represent a significant difference in the amount of dust retention to PM2.5 of 8 species of trees on the same day.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  8种乔木叶表面结构特征

    Table  4.   Leaf surface morphology of 8 tree varieties

    植物
    Plants
    叶表面特征Leaf surface characteristics PM10 PM5 PM2.5
    叶表皮上表面
    Upper surface of leaf epidermis
    叶表皮下表面
    Subcutaneous surface of leaf surface
    紫叶李Prunus cerasifera 细胞轮廓不清晰,高低起伏明显,具明显褶皱 叶毛较多,具明显褶皱,高低起伏明显,气孔较密集,开口较小 较高 较高 较高
    悬铃木 Platanus orientalis 具有密集的形成网状的丝状物,细胞轮廓不明显,具有密集浅线状突起 具有密集的形成网状的丝状物,细胞轮廓明显呈明显颗粒状突起,气孔较密集,开口较大 较低 较低 较低
    女贞Ligustrum lucidum 蜡质层较厚,具不规则颗粒物和浅线状突起 气孔密集,开口较大,具明显褶皱和线状突起 中等 中等 中等
    洋白蜡Fraxinus pennsylvanica 细胞轮廓明显,具少量腺体和沟槽 细胞轮廓不清晰,具少量腺体和浅沟槽,气孔较少,开口较小,细长 中等 较低 中等
    毛白杨Populus tomentosa 较平整,具较厚蜡质层和密集的轻微瘤状突起 叶表面粗糙,具密集的丝状缠绕 较低 较低 中等
    国槐Sophora japonica 叶表面较粗糙,具明显颗粒物突起和少量叶毛 具密集颗粒物突起,气孔较少,叶毛较密集 较高 较高 较高
    栾树Koelreuteria paniculata 叶表面较平整,具轻微疣状突起,细胞轮廓不明显 具密集颗粒状突起,细胞轮廓明显,具有明显狭窄沟槽,气孔较少,开口较小,狭长 中等 较高 中等
    绦柳Salix matsudana 气孔少,开口小,具较多不规则颗粒物和明显线状突起,细胞轮廓不清晰 具密集颗粒状突起和不规则颗粒物附着,细胞轮廓明显,沟壑较浅,气孔少,开口小 较低 较低 较低
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2019-04-12
  • 修回日期:  2019-07-14
  • 刊出日期:  2019-08-01

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