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日粮添加玉米粉与油脂对奶牛乳品质及瘤胃细菌菌群变化的影响

郭成 吉武龙 李娜 付子琳 张力莉 徐晓锋

郭成, 吉武龙, 李娜, 付子琳, 张力莉, 徐晓锋. 日粮添加玉米粉与油脂对奶牛乳品质及瘤胃细菌菌群变化的影响[J]. 福建农业学报, 2019, 34(8): 939-946. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.08.011
引用本文: 郭成, 吉武龙, 李娜, 付子琳, 张力莉, 徐晓锋. 日粮添加玉米粉与油脂对奶牛乳品质及瘤胃细菌菌群变化的影响[J]. 福建农业学报, 2019, 34(8): 939-946. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.08.011
GUO Cheng, JI Wu-long, LI Na, FU Zi-lin, ZHANG Li-li, XU Xiao-feng. Effects of Corn Meal and Flaxseed Oil Dietary Supplements on Fat Content in Milk and Rumen Microbial Flora of Dairy Cows[J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 34(8): 939-946. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.08.011
Citation: GUO Cheng, JI Wu-long, LI Na, FU Zi-lin, ZHANG Li-li, XU Xiao-feng. Effects of Corn Meal and Flaxseed Oil Dietary Supplements on Fat Content in Milk and Rumen Microbial Flora of Dairy Cows[J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 34(8): 939-946. doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.08.011

日粮添加玉米粉与油脂对奶牛乳品质及瘤胃细菌菌群变化的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.08.011
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金项目 31460619

详细信息
    作者简介:

    郭成(1994-), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要从事反刍动物营养与饲料科学研究(E-mail:guochenghn@126.com)

    通讯作者:

    徐晓锋(1978-), 男, 硕士, 副教授, 主要从事奶牛瘤胃微生物发酵调控与消化生理研究(E-mail:xuxiaofengnd@126.com)

  • 中图分类号: S823

Effects of Corn Meal and Flaxseed Oil Dietary Supplements on Fat Content in Milk and Rumen Microbial Flora of Dairy Cows

  • 摘要:   目的  阐释日粮添加玉米粉与油脂诱导奶牛低乳脂情况下,奶牛瘤胃细菌菌群的变化情况。  方法  采用自身对照试验设计,选取4头体况相近、健康的泌乳期中国荷斯坦奶牛。试验开始前先以基础日粮预饲并以自身作对照。试验期奶牛日粮中添加玉米粉1.5 kg·头-1·d-1,添加胡麻油150 mL·头-1·d-1。预饲期为7 d,试验期为15 d,分析奶牛乳脂率及瘤胃细菌菌群变化情况。  结果  在饲料淀粉营养水平达到27%左右水平上额外添加胡麻油150 mL·头-1·d-1,连续添加15 d使奶牛的乳脂率极显著降低(P < 0.01),乳糖显著升高(P < 0.05),成功诱导奶牛乳脂降低。瘤胃细菌研究表明,在门水平上共检测到29个菌门,与对照组相比,玉米粉和油脂诱导乳脂降低后奶牛瘤胃导软壁菌门丰度显著降低(P < 0.05),放线菌门与浮霉菌门丰度极显著增加(P < 0.01);螺旋菌门丰度显著增加(P < 0.05)。在属水平上检测到389个菌属,其中110个菌属有显著差异(P < 0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组奶牛瘤胃乳酸菌杆菌属丰度极显著增加(P < 0.01),肠球菌属丰度极显著降低(P < 0.01),克里斯滕森菌属显著降低(P < 0.05),普雷沃菌属丰度显著增加(P < 0.05),毛螺旋菌极显著降低(P < 0.01),未注释毛螺旋菌属丰度显著增加,丁酸弧菌属-2(Butyrivibrio-2)丰度显著降低(P < 0.05),瘤胃球菌属-1丰度显著提高。  结论  日粮添加玉米粉与油脂诱导奶牛乳脂降低,瘤胃细菌菌群多样性未产生显著影响,但菌群结构及丰度发生了较大改变,产酸菌属与淀粉利用菌属增加显著。
  • 图  1  牛奶乳脂变化

    Figure  1.  Changes on fat content in cow milk

    图  2  添加玉米粉和油脂对瘤胃细菌菌群Shannon指数的影响

    注:a、b、c、d代表 4头不同的奶牛,每头奶牛瘤胃液样本取3次重复。横坐标表示抽取的tags数量;纵坐标表示抽取一定数量tags时所计算得到的shannon的期望值。

    Figure  2.  Effect of added corn meal and flaxseed oil in forage on Shannon index of rumen microbial flora

    Note: a, b, c, and d represent 4 different cows. Three replicates of rumen secretion sample per cow were applied.The abscissa represents the number of extracted tags; the ordinate represents the expected value of shannon calculated when extracting a certain number of tags.

    表  1  奶牛干物质基础日粮组成及营养成分

    Table  1.   Composition and nutrients of diet for dairy cows on dry matter base

    (单位/%)
    原料
    Ingredient
    含量
    Content
    日粮营养水平
    Dietary nutrition level
    含量
    Content
    豆粕 Soybean meal 11.30 粗蛋白 CP 17.14
    菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal 3.20 钙 Ca 0.76
    全棉籽 Whole cottonseed 3.50 磷 P 0.46
    麸皮 Wheat bran 3.18 中性洗涤纤维 NDF 35.78
    压片玉米 Tablet corn 11.06 淀粉 Corn 24.25
    甜菜颗粒 Beet granule 2.49 产奶净能 NEL/(MJ·kg-1) 6.00
    啤酒糟 Brewer's grains 3.16
    苜蓿青贮 Alfalfa silage 4.12
    苜蓿 Alfalfa 10.32
    玉米青贮 Corn silage 45.06
    碳酸氢钙
    Dicalcium phosphate 0.62
    石粉 Limestone 0.39
    小苏打 Baking soda 0.30
    氧化镁
    Magnesium oxide 0.50
    食盐 Salt 0.30
    脱霉素 Demycin 0.10
    预混料 Premix 0.40
    合计 Total 100.00
    注:营养水平中产奶净能为计算值,其他为实测值。
    Note: NEL is calculated value; others, measured.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  添加玉米粉和油脂粮对奶牛乳成分的影响

    Table  2.   Effect of added corn meal and flaxseed oil in forage on chemical composition of cow milk

    (单位/%)
    项目
    Item
    对照组
    CK
    试验组
    CO
    乳脂率 Milk fat 4.05±0.16A 2.10±0.06B
    乳蛋白 Milk protein 3.25±0.10a 3.45±0.11a
    乳糖 Lactose 4.95±0.21b 5.27±0.08a
    注:同行数据肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),表 4~5同。
    Note: Different lowercase letters of the peer data shoulders indicate significant difference (P<0.05), and different uppercase letters indicate that the difference is extremely significant (P<0.01).The same as Table 4-5.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  样品在0.03距离下的Alpha丰富程度

    Table  3.   Alpha richness of specimens at distance 0.03

    项目
    Item
    Chao1指数
    Chao1 index
    Ace指数
    Ace index
    Shannon指数
    Shannon index
    Simpson指数
    Simpson index
    覆盖率
    Coverage/%
    对照组 CK 3866.47 3780.21 7.96 0.98 99.29
    试验组 CO 3713.57 3642.19 8.35 0.99 99.29
    P-value 0.22 0.26 0.16 0.10 -
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  添加玉米粉与油脂对瘤胃细菌菌群在门水平上结构的影响

    Table  4.   Effect of added corn meal and flaxseed oil in forage on makeup of microbial phyla in rumen

    (单位/%)

    Phylum
    对照组
    Mean(CK)
    试验组
    Mean(CO)
    拟杆菌门 Bacteroidetes 51.91±5.56 54.90±2.18
    厚壁菌门 Firmicutes 35.52±2.92 37.85±1.91
    变形菌门 Proteobacteria 7.58±4.04 1.34±0.07
      Saccharibacteria 0.81±0.15 0.48±0.10
    螺旋菌门 Spirochaetae 0.81±0.12b 1.08±0.03a
    浮霉菌门 Planctomycetes 0.66±0.10B 1.23±0.18A
    软壁菌门 Tenericutes 0.60±0.10a 0.34±0.06b
    放线菌门 Actinobacteria 0.44±0.08B 0.99±0.17A
    广古菌门 Euryarchaeota 0.18±0.04 0.09±0.03
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  添加玉米粉与油脂对瘤胃在属水平上菌群结构的影响

    Table  5.   Effect of added corn meal and flaxseed oil in forage on makeup of microbial genera in rumen

    (单位/%)

    Genus
    对照组
    Mean(CK)
    试验组
    Mean(CO)
    肠球菌属 Enterococcus 4.88±1.41A 0.24±0.08B
    乳酸杆菌属 Lactobacillus 0.38±0.09B 4.56±0.58A
    韦荣球菌属 Veillonellaceae-UCG-001 0.11±0.02A 0.04±0.01B
    普雷沃氏菌属 Prevotellaceae-UCG-001 0.70±0.08B 1.21±0.12A
    毛螺旋菌属 Lachnospiraceae-UCG-006 0.10±0.01A 0.05±0.01B
    瘤胃球菌属-1 Ruminococcus-1 0.12±0.01b 0.26±0.05a
    丁酸弧菌属-2 Butyrivibrio-2 0.71±0.09a 0.45±0.07b
    克里斯滕森菌属 Christensenellaceae-R-7-group 4.35±0.60a 3.01±0.23b
    未注释毛螺旋菌属 Lachnospiraceae-NA 0.55±0.05b 0.91±0.16a
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2019-06-07
  • 修回日期:  2019-08-03
  • 刊出日期:  2019-08-01

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